Sistimi ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Tsamaiso bakeng sa Lipatlisiso tsa Lintho tsa Khale
Patlisiso ea lintho tsa khale ke mokhoa oa ho bokella, ho toloka le ho boloka mesaletsa ea nako e fetileng ka lintho tsa khale, meaho, libaka le lintlha tse ling tse amanang le taba tse fumanoang tšimong. Mokhoa oa sejoale-joale, thuto ea lintho tsa khale ha e sa sebetsana le lirekoto tsa letsoho le litokomane tse bonolo tsa lifoto feela, empa e boetse e kenyelletsa lintlha tse fapaneng: likhokahano tsa GPS, limmapa tsa GIS, lirekoto tsa stratigraphic, liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea laboratori, litšoantšo tsa drone, li-scan tsa 3D, le metadata ea pokello ea musiamo. Ho rarahana hona ho hloka mokhoa oa tsamaiso ea data o hloekileng, o sireletsehileng, o tloaelehileng, le o fumanehang habonolo. Mona ke moo Tsamaiso ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Tsamaiso (MIS) e fetohang karolo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa boleng, boikarabello le katleho ea lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale.
Kutloisiso le Karolo ea SIM ho Archaeology
Sistimi ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Tsamaiso (MIS) ke sistimi e kopaneng e etselitsoeng ho bokella, ho boloka, ho sebetsana le ho hlahisa tlhahisoleseling ho tšehetsa ho etsa liqeto. Moelelong oa lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale, MIS e sebetsa e le "mokokotlo" o hokahanyang mosebetsi oa tšimo, tlhahlobo, tlaleho le polokelo ea nako e telele. MIS ha se feela database, empa ke tikoloho e akaretsang mekhoa ea mosebetsi, maemo a data, software, hardware le mehloli ea batho e e sebelisang.
Ka MIS, lihlopha tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale li ka fokotsa kotsi ea tahlehelo ea data, ho reha mabitso a lintho tsa khale ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang, lirekoto tse pheta-phetoang, le litlhaloso tse fosahetseng ka lebaka la moelelo o sa ngoloang hantle. Ho feta moo, MIS e nolofalletsa tšebelisano-'moho ea mafapha a fapaneng—mohlala, pakeng tsa baepolli ba lintho tsa khale ba masimong, litsebi tsa jeoloji, litsebi tsa batho, bahlokomeli ba lintho tsa khale le bafuputsi ba laboratori—hobane kaofela ba sebetsa mohloling o le mong oa data.
Liphephetso tsa Lintlha Patlisisong ea Lintho tsa Khale
Thuto ea lintho tsa khale e na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa data. Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e fumanoeng ha e eme e le 'ngoe; bohlokoa ba eona ba saense bo itšetlehile haholo ka moelelo oa eona: likarolo tsa mobu (stratigraphy), sebaka se amanang, kamano le lintho tse ling tse fumanoeng, le maemo a tikoloho nakong ea ho sibolloa. Lintlha tsena tsa moelelo hangata li rarahane 'me lia fetoha ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele. Ha li laoloa ka letsoho, monyetla oa mathata o bohlokoa—mohlala, lintlha tsa tšimo tse lahlehileng, linepe tse sa amaneng le likhoutu tsa ho fumana, kapa limmapa tsa ho epolla tse sa lumellaneng le lintho tse bolokiloeng tsa khale.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, dipatlisiso tsa baepolli ba dintho tsa kgale le tsona di tobane le ditlhoko tsa ho pepeneneng le ho sala morao. Mekgatlo e mengata ya ditjhelete le dikoranta tsa saense di kgothaletsa mekgwa ya data e bulehileng le ho pheta-pheta dipatlisiso. Ntle le MIS e matla, ho netefatsa mehlodi ya data, mekgwa ya pokello le phallo ya tlhahlobo ho ba thata.
Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa tsa MIS bakeng sa Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale
Sistimi e sebetsang hantle ea tlhahisoleseling ea tsamaiso bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale hangata e kenyelletsa likarolo tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:
1. Tsamaiso ea Database ea Lintho tsa Khale le ea Likarolo
E boloka tlhahisoleseding mabapi le dintho tsa kgale (mofuta, thepa, boholo, boemo, difoto, dikhoutu tsa thepa) le dikarolo tsa kgale (meaho, masoba a dikoti, mabitla, matsha, mabota, diforo). Sistimi e tlameha ho tshehetsa dikamano tse matla tsa data, kaha dintho tsa kgale di hokahantswe le maemo, mme maemo a hokahantswe le diyuniti tsa ho epolla le mekhahlelo ya stratigraphic.
2. Mojule oa Moelelo le Moralo oa Maemo
Ho rekota moelelo ke pelo ea lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale. MIS e tlameha ho amohela merero ea stratigraphic, matrices ea Harris, le likamano lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo. Sena se lumella bafuputsi ho latela tatellano ea liketsahalo le ho haha bocha mesebetsi ea batho ba fetileng.
3. Kopanyo ea GIS (Sistimi ea Tlhahisoleseling ea Libaka)
Lintlha tsa sebaka ke tsa bohlokoa: sebaka sa sebaka, kabo ea lintho tse fumanoeng, meeli ea likarolo tsa ho epolloa, esita le limmapa tsa topographic. Ho kopanngoa ha GIS ho nolofalletsa pono ea sebaka le tlhahlobo, joalo ka mekhoa ea kabo ea lintho tsa khale, libaka tse pakeng tsa likarolo, kapa liphetoho tsa sebaka.
4. Tsamaiso ea Multimedia le Litokomane
Difoto tsa tshimo, divideo, diskena tsa 3D, direkoto tsa PDF, esita le ditshwantsho tsa profil ya stratigraphic di hloka ho bolokwa ka metadata e hlakileng e hokahantsweng le dibopeho tsa data (moelelo, diyuniti, dintho tsa kgale). MIS e ntle e ka sebetsana le ho batla le ho sefa ka potlako multimedia.
5. Mokgwa wa Mosebetsi wa Diphuputso le Tsela ya Tlhahlobo
MIS e ntle e fana ka mokhoa oa ho sebetsa: ho kenya data ea tšimo, netefatso, ho hokahanya, tlhahlobo le tlaleho. Tsela ea tlhahlobo e tlaleha hore na ke mang ea fetotseng data, neng, le hore na ke eng e fetotsoeng. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botšepehi ba data ea mahlale.
6. Tšireletso, Backup, le Phihlello ea Maemo a Mangata
Hobane tlhahisoleseding ya baepolli ba dintho tsa kgale e ka ba bonolo (mohlala, dibaka tse sekametseng ho utsuwa), MIS e hloka taolo ya phihlello e itshetlehileng hodima karolo, ho ngolwa ha di-encryption, le ho boloka di-backup kamehla. Ho laola ditumello tsa phihlello ho boetse ho thusa ho thibela diphetoho tsa data ho basebetsi ba dumeletsweng.
Melemo ea SIM bakeng sa Lipatlisiso tsa Lintho tsa Khale
Ho kenngwa tshebetsong ha SIM ho fana ka melemo e bonahalang mehatong e fapaneng ya dipatlisiso:
– Bokgoni ba ho Rekota ka Tshebetso: Ho kenya data ka tablet kapa fono ya mohala ho thusa ho fokotsa direkoto tse phetaphetoang mme ho potlakisa ho pheta-pheta ha letsatsi le letsatsi.
– Ho Tsitsa le ho Fetola Maemo: Dikhoutu tsa moelelo, mantswe a maiketsetso, le dibopeho tsa metadata di ka fetolwa, ho fokotsa leeme le ho se tsitse pakeng tsa bafuputsi.
– Tlhahlobo e Potlakileng le e Tebileng: Lintlha tse hlophisitsoeng li lumella tlhahlobo e potlakileng ea lipalo-palo, sebaka le tatellano ea liketsahalo.
– Tšebelisano-'moho le ho Arolelana Lintlha: Bafuputsi libakeng tsohle ba ka fumana lintlha tse tšoanang, ba eketsa tšebelisano-'moho ntle le ho fapanyetsana lifaele ka letsoho.
– Poloko ea Lintlha ea Nako e Telele: MIS e sebetsa e le polokelo ea dijithale e bolokang lintlha li fumaneha nako e telele, esita le ka mor'a hore projeke e phethoe.
Ho kenya tshebetsong SIM: Mehato le Mehopolo
Ho aha MIS bakeng sa dipatlisiso tsa dintho tsa kgale ha ho hlokahale hore ho be theko e boima kapa ho rarahane, empa ho hloka moralo o hlakileng. Mokgahlelo wa pele hangata o kenyeletsa ho etsa mmapa wa ditlhoko: hore na ke mofuta ofe wa data o tla bokellwa, hore na ke mang ya tla kenya data, hore na tshebetso ya netefatso e tla etswa jwang, le hore na ke diphetho dife tse hlokahalang (ditlaleho, dimmapa, dikhataloganyo). Sehlopha se ntoo etsa qeto ya sethala: hore na ho tla sebediswa software e ikgethang ya dintho tsa kgale, ho hahwa sistimi e ikgethang e thehilweng webong, kapa ho fetola database e tshwanang ka di-module tsa GIS.
Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa eo ho nahanoang ka eona ke maemo a data. Sehlopha se hloka ho lumellana ka mokhoa oa ho reha moelelo, taxonomy ea lintho tsa khale, le schema ea metadata. Maemo ana a nolofalletsa ho kopanngoa ha data ho pholletsa le merero le ho eketsa monyetla oa ho sebelisana 'moho le li-repository tsa thuto kapa tsa musiamo. Ho feta moo, koetliso e bohlokoa; ho sa tsotelehe hore na MIS e rarahane hakae, e ke ke ea sebetsa haeba basebelisi ba sa tloaela kapa ba sa laolehe ho kenya data ka nepo.
SIM le Bokamoso ba Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale ea Dijithale
Mokhoa oa ho epolla lintho tsa khale tsa dijithale o ntse o bontša hore data ke letlotlo la bohlokoa. Ho kopanngoa ha MIS le mahlale a kang li-drone, LiDAR, photogrammetry, le ho skena ha 3D ho hlahisa litokomane tse qaqileng le tse nepahetseng haholoanyane tsa sebaka. Bohlale ba maiketsetso bo se bo qalile ho sebelisoa ho thusa ho hlopheng likotoana tsa letsopa, ho khetholla mekhoa ea ho lula, kapa ho lemoha likarolo tse tsoang litšoantšong tsa moeeng. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tsena tsohle tse ncha li ntse li hloka motheo ka mokhoa oa tsamaiso e matla ea taolo ea tlhahisoleseling.
Nakong e tlang, SIM e tla boela e be ea bohlokoa haholo tabeng ea paballo ea lefa la setso. Mebuso, mekhatlo ea paballo ea libaka, le sechaba se hloka tlhahisoleseling e tšepahalang ho sireletsa libaka nts'etsopele, likoluoa tsa tlhaho le bosholu. SIM e nolofalletsa lintlha tsa lipatlisiso ho fetoloa motheo o matla oa leano, mohlala ka limmapa tsa likotsi, lenane la libaka, le likhothaletso tsa ho arola libaka ka mokhoa o sireletsang.
Qetello
Sistimi ea tlhahisoleseling ea tsamaiso bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa lintho tsa khale ke tharollo ea maano ea ho sebetsana le ho rarahana ha data, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba litokomane, le ho tšehetsa tlhahlobo le litlaleho tse nang le boikarabello bo eketsehileng. Ka ho kopanya li-database tsa lintho tsa khale, ho rekota maemo le maemo, GIS, tsamaiso ea multimedia, ts'ireletso ea data, le mokhoa o hlakileng oa mosebetsi, sistimi ea tlhahisoleseling ea tsamaiso (MIS) e thusa thuto ea khale ho tloha litokomaneng tsa setso ho ea lipatlisisong tsa sejoale-joale, tse kopanetsoeng le tse tsitsitseng. Qetellong, MIS ha se sesebelisoa sa botekgeniki feela, empa ke letsete la bohlokoa ho netefatseng hore mesaletsa ea nako e fetileng e ka utloisisoa ka saense le ho bolokoa bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
