Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea Lintho tse fumanoeng ke baepolli ba lintho tsa khale
Lintho tse sibolotsoeng ke lintho tsa khale, ka mokhoa oa lintho tsa khale kapa lintho tsa tikoloho, esale e le fensetere ea bohlokoa ea ho utloisisa tsoelo-pele ea nakong e fetileng, litso le bophelo ba batho. Ka tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea thepa e sibolotsoeng, bafuputsi ba lintho tsa khale ba ka haha bocha likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba nakong e fetileng, ho tloha theknoloji le moruo ho ea ho meaho ea sechaba le setso le ea maikutlo. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho sekaseka thepa ea lintho tsa khale e sebelisoang khafetsa lefapheng la lintho tsa khale.
1. Tlhahlobo ea Mefuta
Tlhaloso le Morero
Mofuta wa ho ngola ke mokgwa wa tlhahlobo o arolang dintho tse epolotsweng tse epollwang ho latela sebopeho sa tsona, setaele le dibopeho tse ding. Morero o ka sehloohong wa Tlhahlobo ena e reretsoe ho hlwaya le ho bapisa mesebetsi ea matsoho ho fumana tatellano ea tatellano ea liketsahalo le nts'etsopele ea theknoloji.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahlobo ea typology e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
– Tlhahlobo ea Mekhoa: Fumana litšobotsi tsa mantlha tse tla sebelisoa bakeng sa ho arola, joalo ka sebopeho, boholo, mokhabiso le mokhoa oa tlhahiso.
– Tlhophiso: Ho arola mesebetsi ea matsoho e nang le litšobotsi tse tšoanang ka lihlopha tse itseng.
– Tlhahlobo ea Papiso: Ho bapisa lihlopha tse entsoeng le liphuputso tse ling ho fumana tatellano ea tatellano ea liketsahalo le likamano tsa setso.
Mohlala
Mohlala, ha ho sekasekwa lintho tse fumanoeng ka letsopa, bafuputsi ba tla hlahloba sebopeho, mokhabiso le mocheso (lintho tse tsoakiloeng). Bafuputsi ba tla arola lintho tse fumanoeng ka lihlopha ho latela mefuta ena 'me ba li bapise le lintho tse fumanoeng mehloling e meng. libaka tse ling tsa ho etsa qeto nako le likamano tsa setso.
2. Tlhahlobo ea Petrographic
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea petrographic ke thuto e nyenyane haholo ea motsoako oa liminerale le sebopeho sa majoe. Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ho sekaseka majoe a mohloli oa lintho tsa khale tsa majoe, joalo ka li-axe tsa majoe kapa li-microlith.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
– Tokisetso ea Sampole: Sampole ea lejoe e sehiloe ka mokhoa o mosesaane haholo 'me e kenngoa holim'a slide ea microscope.
– Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic: Li-slide li hlahlojoa ka microscope ho khetholla liminerale tse kopanyang le sebopeho sa lefika.
– Tlhahlobo ea Geochemical: Ka linako tse ling, tlhahlobo ea geochemical e kang X-ray fluorescence (XRF) e sebelisoa ho khetholla likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale.
Mohlala
Bafuputsi ba ka 'na ba sebelisa tlhahlobo ea petrographic ho fumana mohloli oa thepa ea majoe e sebelisetsoang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa majoe sebakeng seo. Ka ho utloisisa mohloli oa thepa, bafuputsi ba ka utloisisa mekhoa ea khoebo le ea ho falla ha batho ba boholo-holo.
3. Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale ke mokhoa o sebelisoang ho khetholla metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ea thepa ea khale. Sena se kenyelletsa tlhahlobo lintho tsa khale le tse sa tloaelehang tsa mesebetsi ea matsoho ho utloisisa theknoloji ea tlhahiso, mosebetsi le tšimoloho ea thepa.
Boenjiniere bo Akaretsang
– Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS): Ho fumana hore na tšepe e kae sampoleng.
– Mass Spectrometry: Ho fumana li-isotope, ho thusa haholo ho fumana tšimoloho le khoebo.
– Khase Chromatography (GC) le High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lintho tse phelang tse kang masala a lijo kapa oli holim'a lipitsa tsa letsopa.
Mohlala
Tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale e sebelisetsoa ho hlahloba masalla a lintho tse phelang holim'a likotoana tsa letsopa, tse ka fanang ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le lijo le mekhoa ea ho pheha ea batho ba boholo-holo.
4. Tlhahlobo ea Radiocarbon
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea radiocarbon ke mokhoa oa ho fumana nako o thehiloeng ho bola ha mahlaseli a kotsi a isotope carbon-14. E sebelisoa ho fumana lilemo tsa lintho tse phelang ho fihlela lilemong tse ka bang 50,000 tse fetileng.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
– Ho etsa disampole: Ho nka disampole tsa dintho tse phelang tse kang masapo, mashala, kapa mashala a nang le khabone.
– Tekanyo ea ho Bola ha Isotope: Ho lekanya bongata ba carbon-14 e setseng ho sebelisoa accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
– Tekanyo: Lekanya liphetho tsa tekanyo ho fumana letsatsi le nepahetseng la khalendara.
Mohlala
Tlhahlobo ea radiocarbon e ka sebelisoa ho fumana lilemo tsa mashala libakeng tsa bolulo, ka hona ho fumana nako ea ho lula sebakeng seo.
5. Tlhahlobo ea DNA ea Boholo-holo
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea DNA ea boholo-holo (aDNA) e fana ka tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tsoa masalleng a lintho tse phelang joalo ka masapo, meno kapa moriri. Mokhoa ona o lumella bafuputsi ho utloisisa likarolo tsa baeloji tse kang bophelo bo botle, lijo, ho falla le kamano ea baahi ba boholo-holo.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
– Ho ntšoa ha DNA: Ho eketsa disampole ho DNA ea boholo-holo ho tsoa masalleng a lintho tse phelang.
– Ho pheta-pheta DNA: Ho sebedisa Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ho pheta-pheta DNA e itseng.
– Tatellano ea DNA: Ho bala tatellano ea motheo oa DNA bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng.
Mohlala
Ka tlhahlobo ea DNA ea boholo-holo, bafuputsi ba ka fumana kamano pakeng tsa batho sebakeng seo kapa ba utloisisa tšimoloho le ho falla ha baahi ba boholo-holo ba batho.
6. Tlhahlobo ea ho roala ka maekrofono
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea ho roala ka maekroskoupu ke thuto ea matšoao a ho roala lisebelisoa tsa majoe tlas'a microscope ho khetholla mosebetsi oa tsona.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
– Tlhokomelo ea Microscopic: Ho sebelisa microscope ho bona mengoapo, li-chip, kapa polish holim'a lisebelisoa tsa majoe.
– Teko ea ho Bapisa: Ho bapisa mesaletsa ea tšebeliso le lisebelisoa tsa majoe tse sebelisitsoeng ka liteko bakeng sa mosebetsi o itseng.
Mohlala
Bafuputsi ba ka 'na ba sebelisa tlhahlobo ea ho roala ha lintho tse nyenyane ho fumana hore na sesebelisoa sa lejoe se sebelisitsoe ho seha nama, liphoofolo tsa letlalo, kapa limela tse sehiloeng.
7. Tlhahlobo ea Tikoloho
Tlhaloso le Morero
Tlhahlobo ea tikoloho thutong ea lintho tsa khale e kenyelletsa ho ithuta masalla a tikoloho a kang limela, peo, peō e phofshoana le masalla a liphoofolo ho utloisisa likamano tsa batho le tikoloho ea bona.
Mokhoa oa ho kenya tšebetsong
– Pokello ea Mehlala ea Tikoloho: Ho nka lisampole ho tsoa lithabeng tsa lera la setso.
– Tlhahlobo ea Microscopic: Ho sebelisa microscope ho khetholla mofuta oa peo e phofshoana, thollo, kapa lesapo la phoofolo.
– Tlhahlobo ea mesaletsa e meholo le mesaletsa e menyenyane: Ho fumana mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo tse teng le hore na li sebelisoa joang ke batho.
Mohlala
Ka tlhahlobo ea peo e phofshoana (palynology), bafuputsi ba ka haha bocha limela hape pele ho nalane le phetoho ea tlelaemete tse ka amang mekhoa ea bophelo ea batho.
Ho koala
Mekhoa e sebelisoang ho sekaseka thepa ea lintho tsa khale e fapane, 'me mokhoa o mong le o mong o fana ka temohisiso e fapaneng ka bophelo ba nakong e fetileng. Tšebeliso ea mekhoa ea litsebi tse ngata tlhahlobong ea lintho tsa khale e lumella ho tsosolosoa ha nalane le setso sa batho ka botlalo le ka nepo. Mongoli o tšepa hore sengoloa sena se fana ka kakaretso e felletseng ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea lintho tsa khale le bohlokoa ba eona ho ntlafatseng tsebo ea rona ea nako e fetileng.
