Kamano pakeng tsa Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale le Thuto ea Batho
Pendahuluan
Thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho hangata li amahanngoa thutong ea nalane ea batho le setso. Ka bobeli ke lithuto tse ithutang boteng ba batho, empa mekhoa le lipheo tsa bona li fapana hanyane. Thuto ea lintho tsa khale e hatisa haholo thuto ea lintho tse setseng tsa nako e fetileng, ha thuto ea batho e pharaletse, e ithuta likarolo tse fapaneng tsa botho, ho tsoa maikutlong a baeloji, setso le puo. Leha ho le joalo, kamano pakeng tsa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho e haufi haholo, e tlatsana ka ho fana ka setšoantšo se felletseng sa nts'etsopele le boitšoaro ba batho.
Tlhaloso le Bophara ba Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale
Thuto ea lintho tsa khale ke thuto ea nalane ea batho le sechaba ka ho hlahloba masalla a lintho tse bonahalang tse kang lintho tsa khale, mehaho, masapo le meaho ea sebaka. Litsebi tsa lintho tsa khale li etela libaka tsa boholo-holo ho ea epolla masalla ana ebe li a sekaseka ho utloisisa bophelo ba batho ba nakong e fetileng. Thuto ea lintho tsa khale e shebana le ho tsosolosa nalane ka lintho tsa 'mele tse siiloeng ke batho linakong tse fetileng. Sena se kenyelletsa thuto ea theknoloji, moruo, meaho ea sechaba le setso sa lintho tse bonahalang.
Tlhaloso le Bophara ba Anthropology
Anthropology ke saense e ithutang batho likarolong tsohle tsa bophelo ba bona. Thuto ena e arotsoe ka makala a 'maloa a maholo: anthropology ea setso, anthropology ea 'mele (ea baeloji), anthropology ea puo, le anthropology ea lintho tsa khale. Anthropology ea setso e hlahloba mekhoa ea sechaba, meetlo le litekanyetso tsa lichaba tse fapaneng. Anthropology ea 'mele e ithuta likarolo tsa baeloji le tsa ho iphetola ha lintho tsa batho. Anthropology ea puo e shebana le puo le puisano. Anthropology ea lintho tsa khale—hangata e bitsoa feela ho epolloa ha lintho tsa khale—ke lekala le amanang haufi-ufi le ho epolloa ha lintho tsa khale ho hloekileng ka kutloisiso e pharaletseng.
Bohlokoa ba Tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale le Thuto ea Batho
Tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho e bohlokoa haholo ho sibolleng nalane ea batho le nts'etsopele ka botlalo. Thuto ea lintho tsa khale e fana ka lintlha tse tiileng ka mokhoa oa lintho tsa khale le lintho tsa tikoloho tse ka lekoang le ho hlahlojoa ka saense. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thuto ea batho e fana ka moralo oa khopolo-taba le oa mokhoa oa ho utloisisa boitšoaro le setso sa batho. Motsoako oa tse peli o lumella bafuputsi ho haha pale e ruileng le e tebileng haholoanyane ea nalane ea batho.
Lithuto tsa Ethnoarchaeological
Mohlala o le mong o tiileng oa kopanyo ea thuto ea khale le thuto ea batho ke thuto ea lintho tsa khale. Thuto ea khale ke mokhoa oa thuto ea lintho tsa khale o sebelisang lintho tse hlokometsoeng ke lichaba tsa mehleng ena ho utloisisa mekhoa eo ho ka etsahalang hore ebe e ne e sebelisoa ke lichaba tseo nakong e fetileng. Ka thuto ea lintho tsa khale, litsebi tsa lintho tsa khale li ka ithuta kamoo lintho tse itseng tsa khale li neng li sebelisoa kateng maemong a itseng a sechaba le a setso. Mohlala, ka ho shebella kamoo sechaba se sebelisang le ho lahla lisebelisoa tsa majoe kateng, litsebi tsa lintho tsa khale li ka etsa liqeto mabapi le hore na lichaba tsa khale li ka be li sebelisitse lisebelisoa tse tšoanang joang.
Khatiso ea Saense le Puisano
Kamano pakeng tsa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho e boetse e bonahala likhatisong tsa litsebi le puisanong. Likoranta tse ngata tsa thuto le liboka tsa saense li thusa ho fapanyetsana mehopolo pakeng tsa litsebi tsa lintho tsa khale le litsebi tsa batho. Likoranta tse kang American Journal of Archaeology, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, le Current Anthropology hangata li phatlalatsa lihlooho tse buang ka lintho tsa khale tse fumanoeng ka temohisiso ea batho. Likopano tsa thuto tse kang Mokhatlo oa Selemo le Selemo oa American Archaeology le Mokhatlo oa Europe oa Baepolli ba Lintho tsa Khale le tsona li sebetsa e le libaka tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa phapanyetsano ea tsebo le mekhoa.
Mokhoa oa ho Sebelisa Mekhoa e Kopaneng ea Lithuto Tse Ngata
Mokhoa oa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho o lumella tšebeliso ea mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo e rarahaneng le e rarahaneng. Tšebeliso ea mahlale a tsoetseng pele joalo ka ho lemoha hole, tlhahlobo ea isotope, le DNA ea boholo-holo e bontša kamoo lintho tse fumanoeng ke lintho tsa khale li ka hlahlojoang ho tsoa ponong ea baeloji le ea batho. Ka tlhahlobo ea isotope, mohlala, bafuputsi ba ka fumana mekhoa ea lijo le ea ho falla ha batho ba fetileng. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, thuto ea DNA ea boholo-holo e ka fana ka temohisiso mabapi le likamano tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso lipakeng tsa baahi le kamoo ba ileng ba ikamahanya le tikoloho ea bona.
Thuto ea Lintho tsa Khale ea Setso
Thuto ea lintho tsa khale tsa setso ke lekala la thuto ea lintho tsa khale le bontšang ka ho hlaka likhokahano tsa lona le thuto ea batho ba setso. Mokhoa ona o hlahloba lintho tsa khale ka har'a moelelo oa setso 'me o shebana le kamoo lintho tsena li bonahatsang litumelo, litekanyetso le mekhoa ea sechaba ea sechaba. Mohlala, tlhahlobo ea sebaka sa lepato e feta feela ho khetholla lintho tsa khale tse fumanoeng ho utloisisa kamoo mekhoa ea lepato e bonahatsang litumelo ka lefu le bophelo ba ka mor'a lefu ka har'a setso se itseng. Kahoo, thuto ea lintho tsa khale tsa setso le thuto ea batho ba setso li sebetsa 'moho ho haha kutloisiso e batsi haholoanyane ea mekhoa le litumelo tsa sechaba.
Mohlala: Sebaka sa Göbekli Tepe
Mohlala o hlahelletseng o bontšang tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho o ka fumanoa thutong ea sebaka sa Göbekli Tepe Turkey. Sebaka sena se nkoa e le se seng sa mehaho ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea bolumeli lefatšeng, se hahiloeng ke sechaba sa batsomi le ba bokellang hoo e ka bang ka 9600 BC. Ba sebelisa mekhoa ea ho epolla lintho tsa khale, bafuputsi ba ile ba epolla le ho sekaseka mehaho ea majoe a maholo le lintho tsa khale tse fumanoeng sebakeng seo. Tlhahlobo ea thuto ea batho e ile ea sebelisoa ho hlalosa bohlokoa ba setso le ba sechaba ba mehaho ena le lintho tsa khale. Mohlala, litšoantšo tsa liphoofolo tse betliloeng litšiea tsa majoe li ka fana ka temohisiso mabapi le litumelo tsa bolumeli le matšoao a ka 'nang a ba teng sechabeng.
Qetello
Thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho ke lithuto tse peli tse tlatsanang boitekong ba ho utloisisa nalane ea batho le setso. Ka thuto ea lintho tsa khale, re fumana lintlha tse tiileng ho tsoa nakong e fetileng, ha thuto ea batho e re thusa ho hlalosa lintlha tseo ka har'a moelelo o pharaletseng oa boitšoaro ba batho le setso. Motsoako oa tse peli o hlahisa pono e ruileng le e tebileng haholoanyane mabapi le nts'etsopele ea batho ho tloha mehleng ea pele ho nako ho ea mehleng ea kajeno.
Kamano e haufi pakeng tsa thuto ea lintho tsa khale le thuto ea batho e boetse e bonahala mekhoeng e fapaneng ea lipatlisiso, lingoliloeng tsa litsebi, le lithuto tsa linyeoe tse kopanyang mekhoa e tsoang mafapheng ka bobeli. Ka ho tsoela pele ho phehella mokhoa oa ho kopanya lithuto tse fapaneng, ho tšeptjoa hore tsebo ea rona ea nalane ea batho le setso e tla tsoela pele ho atoloha, e fane ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le hore na re bo-mang le hore na re fihlile joang ntlheng ena historing ea tsoelo-pele ea batho.
