Qaacidada Ballaarinta

Su'aalo tusaale ah iyo qaacidooyin ballaarin ah

1. Dareeraha loo isticmaalo buuxinta heerkulbeegga waxaa laga sameeyaa meerkuri ama aalkolo. Saldhigga lagu sameeyo heerkulbeeggan waa mabda'a isbeddelka...

A. Heerka fidinta meerkuriga oo ka dhasha isbeddellada heerkulka
B. nuugista kulaylka oo ay ugu wacan tahay isbeddellada heerkulka meerkuriga
C. cadaadis ka dhasha isbeddellada heerkulka meerkuriga
D. mugga oo ka dhasha isbeddellada heerkulka meerkuriga

Dood
Mugga shaygu wuu isbeddelaa marka heerkulkiisu isbeddelo. Guud ahaan, haddii heerkulku kordho, muggu wuu kordhaa, liddi ku ah, haddii heerkulku hoos u dhaco, muggu wuu yaraadaa. Tani waxay sidoo kale khuseysaa meerkuriga iyo khamriga.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.

2. Fiiri sawirka bimetal heerkulkiisu yahay 26^oC hoos!

Marka bimetal-ka la kululeeyo ilaa 50^oC, dhacdooyinka dhacay waxay ahaayeen sidan soo socota:

Jihada leexashada iyo sababta saxda ah waxaa lagu tilmaamay….

A. (1) iyo (2)
B. (1) iyo (4)
C. (2) iyo (3)
D. (3) iyo (4)

Dood
Bimetal waa isku-darka laba xabbo oo bir ah oo leh isku-dhafan kala duwan oo ballaarin toosan ah, halkaas oo hal gabal oo bir ah uu leeyahay isku-xidhnaan ballaaran oo ballaarin toosan ah halka qaybta kale ee birta ah ay leedahay isku-xidhnaan yar oo ballaarin toosan ah.

Haddii heerkulka birtu kordho, birtu waxay la kulantaa ballaarinta dhererka (dhererka birtu wuu kordhaa), taa beddelkeeda, haddii heerkulka birtu hoos u dhaco, birtu waxay la kulantaa cidhiidhi dhererka (dhererka birtu wuu yaraadaa). Kordhinta heerkulka isku midka ah, labada qaybood ee birta ah waxay ku fidaan dherer kala duwan. Birta leh isku-xidhka ballaaran ee fidinta toosan waxay la kulantaa koror dherer oo weyn, halka birta leh isku-xidhka yar ee fidinta toosan ay la kulanto koror dherer oo yar. Sidoo kale, hoos u dhaca heerkulka isku midka ah, labada qaybood ee birta ah ayaa yaraaday iyadoo la dhimay dherer kala duwan. Birta leh isku-xidhka weyn ee fidinta toosan waxay la kulantaa yaraanta dhererka oo weyn, halka birta leh isku-xidhka yar ee fidinta toosan ay la kulanto yaraanta dhererka oo yar.

Sidaas darteed, marka heerkulka bimetalku kordho, xarigga birta leh isku-dhafka weyn ee fidinta toosan ayaa u foorarsada xarigga birta leh isku-dhafka yar. Maxaa u sabab ah? Sababtoo ah xaaladdani waxay u oggolaanaysaa xarigga birta leh isku-dhafka weyn ee fidinta toosan inuu ka dheeraado xarigga birta leh isku-dhafka yar ee ballaarinta toosan.
Taas beddelkeeda, marka heerkulka bimetal-ka uu hoos u dhaco, xarigga birta leh isku-xidhka yar ee fidinta toosan ayaa u foorarsada xarigga birta iyadoo leh isku-xidhka weyn ee fidinta toosan. Xaaladdani waxay u oggolaanaysaa xarigga birta leh isku-xidhka weyn ee fidinta toosan inuu ka gaaban yahay xarigga birta leh isku-xidhka yar ee fidinta toosan.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

3. Laba ulood ayaa marka hore dhererkoodu yahay 10 mitir. Labada ulood waxay ka samaysan yihiin bir iyo aluminium iyadoo leh isku-xidhnaan ballaaran oo toosan oo ah 11 x 10 siday u kala horreeyaan.^-6 /^oC iyo 24 x 10^-6 /^oC. Ka dib marka heerkulku kordho 40^oC, dhererka ulaha birta iyo aluminiumku siday u kala horreeyaan waxay noqdaan...
A. 10,044 m iyo 10,096 m
B. 10,0044 m iyo 10,0096 m
C. 10,096 m iyo 10,044 m
D. 10,0096 m iyo 10,0044 m
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka bilowga ah (L)_o) ul bir ah = 10 mitir
Dhererka bilowga ah (L)_o) ul aluminium ah = 10 mitir
Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee birta (α) = 11 x 10^-6 /^oC
Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee aluminiumka (α) = 24 x 10^-6 /^oC
Isbeddelka heerkulka (ΔT) = 40^oC
Su'aal: Dhererka ulaha birta iyo aluminiumka ka dib marka heerkulku kordho
Jawaab:
Qaacidada ballaarinta dhererka:
L = L_o + ΔL
L = L_o + α L_o ΔT
Dhererka birta ka dib marka heerkulku kordho:
L = L_o + α L_o ΔT
L = 10 + (11 x 10^-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (11 x 10^-6) (400)
L = 10 + (4400 x 10^-6)
L = 10 + 0,0044
L = 10,0044 mitir

Dhererka usha aluminiumka ka dib marka heerkulku kordho:
L = L_o + α L_o ΔT)
L = 10 + (24 x 10^-6)(10)(40)
L = 10 + (24 x 10^-6) (400)
L = 10 + (9600 x 10^-6)
L = 10 + 0,0096
L = 10,0096 mitir
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

4. Bir bir ah oo leh isku-darka ballaarinta toosan ee α waxay leedahay dherer l heerkul ah 25^oC. Haddii la kululeeyo ilaa 30^oC, waxay la kulantaa koror dhererka Δl. Haddii birta la jaro 1/3 dhererkeedii asalka ahaa, dhererku wuu kordhaa marka la kululeeyo heerkul dhan 35^oC waa….
A. 2/3 Δl
B. 3/2 Δl
C. 5/3 Δl
D. 5/2 Δl
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Hadii
Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee birta (α) = α
Dhererka bilowga ah ee birta (L)^o) = l
Kordhinta heerkulka (ΔT) = 30^oC - 25^oC = 5^oC
bur
Kordhinta dhererka (ΔL) = Δl
Su'aal: Haddii lo = 1/3 l iyo ΔT = 35^oC - 25^oC = 10^oC markaas kordhinta dhererka = ……?
Jawaab:
Xisaabi isku-dhafka ballaarinta toosan ee birta (α) adoo isticmaalaya qaacidada kordhinta dhererka birta:

Adeegso isku-darka qiimaha ballaarinta toosan si aad u xisaabiso kororka dhererka birta marka heerkulkeedu ka beddelo 25^oC wuxuu noqonayaa 35^oC.

Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.

5. Heerkulkiisu yahay 20^oC, dhererka usha aluminiumku waa 200 cm. Haddii lagu kululeeyo heerkul dhan 100^oC dhererku wuxuu kordhaa 0,00384 m. Haddii heerkulku yahay 20^oC waxaa jira kubad laga sameeyay isla aluminiimkii, sidaa darteed si mugga kubbadu u kordho 1% mugga kubbadii asalka ahayd, kubadda waa in lagu kululeeyaa heerkul...
A. 139^oC
B. 159^oC
C. 208^oC
D. 228^oC
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka bilowga ah ee usha aluminiumka (L)_o) = 200 cm = 2 mitir
Isbeddelka heerkulka (ΔT) = 100^oC - 20^oC = 80^oC
Kordhinta dhererka (Δl) = 0,00384 mitir
Su'aal: Si mugga kubbadu uu u kordho 1% marka loo eego mugga asalka ah ee kubbadda, kubadda waa in lagu kululeeyaa heerkul ah...
Jawaab:
Xisaabi isku-darka dhererka ee usha aluminiumka adoo isticmaalaya qaacidada kordhinta dhererka:

Isugeynta balaadhinta mugga ee aluminiumka (β) = 3 x isku-darka balaadhinta dhererka (α) = 3 (0,000024) = 0,000072

Waa la ogyahay in:
Mugga asalka ah ee kubbadda = V
Kordhinta mugga kubbadda aluminiumka (ΔV) = (1%) (V) = (1/100) (V) = V/100
Kordhinta heerkulka (ΔT) = T – 20
La weydiiyay: Kubbada waxaa loo kululeeyaa heerkul (T) = ….. ?
Jawaab:

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

6. Saxan bir ah oo wareegsan ayaa bartamaha ku leh godad wareegsan oo isku xiran. Marka saxanka la kululeeyo markaas...
A. Dhexroorka saxanka ayaa kordha dhexroorka godkuna wuu yaraadaa
B. Dhexroorka saxanka ayaa hoos u dhacaya dhexroorka godkuna wuu kordhaa
C. dhexroorka saxanka ayaa kordha dhexroorka godkana wuu kordhaa
D. dhexroorka saxanka ayaa hoos u dhacaya dhexroorka godkuna wuu hoos u dhacayaa
Dood
Qaacidada bedka goobada (A):
A = π r²
Qaacidada dhexroorka goobada (D):
D = 2 r
Haddii saxan bir ah la kululeeyo, bedka (A) ee saxanka birta ah ayaa kordha. Haddii bedka saxanka birta ahi uu kordho, dhexroorka (D) ama radius (r) ee saxanka birta ah ayaa kordha. Haddii dhexroorka (D) ama radius (r) ee saxanka birta ahi uu kordho, dhexroorka iyo radius-ka godku way kordhaan.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

7. Labo muraayadood oo muraayad ah ayaa laga sameeyay balaastik kaas oo leh isku-darka ballaarinta toosan ee 1,3 x 10^-4 (^oC)^-1Godadka muraayaddu waa goobo leh gacan 2,2 cm ah. Si godadka muraayaddu u helaan muraayadaha leh gacan 2,21 cm ah, qaab-dhismeedka muraayadda indhaha waa in la kululeeyaa ilaa heerkulku is beddelo….
A. 25^oC
B. 35^oC
C. 45^oC
D. 55^oC
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee balaastikada (α) = 1,3 x 10^-4 (^oC^-1)
Gacanka godka muraayadda (r)¹) = gacanka godka muraayadda bilowga ah = 2,2 cm
Gacanka godka muraayadda ka dib kuleylinta (r)²) = 2,21cm
Su'aal: Isbeddelka heerkulka muraayadda indhaha
Jawaab:
Si godka muraayadda loogu rakibo muraayad leh gacan 2,21 cm ah, ka dib marka la kululeeyo, gacanka muraayadda waa inuu kordhaa 2,21 cm – 2,20 cm = 0,01 cm.
Isugeynta ballaarinta aagga saxanka birta (β) = 2 x isku-dhafka ballaarinta toosan (α) = 2 x 1,3 x 10^{-4 o}C^-1 = 2,6x10^{-4 o}C^-1

Isbeddellada heerkulka:

Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.

8. Sawirka soo socda, waxaa jira farqi u dhexeeya laba waddo tareen oo bir ah. Farqigan waxaa loogu talagalay in...
A. Xoogga is jiidjiidka marka tareenku dhex maro wuu yaraadaa.
B. Gariirka marka tareenku dhaafo wuu yaraadaa.
C. Jidadka tareenka ma qaloocaan marka birtu fiddo
D. Jidadka tareenku ma qaloocdo marka tareenku dul maro.
Dood
Biraha birtu waxay ka samaysan yihiin bir, taasoo si fudud u fidda marka heerkulku isbeddelo. Maalin kulul, heerkulka birtu wuu kordhaa, taasoo keenta inay fidaan. Marka birtu ku xoqdo taayirrada tareenka, heerkulku sidoo kale wuu kordhaa, taasoo keenta inay fidaan. Sidaa darteed, farqiga u dhexeeya laba birtu wuxuu u adeegaa inuu ka hortago in birtu foorarsato marka birtu fiddo.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.

9.
Birta korontada ku shaqeysa waxaa ku qalabaysan heerkulbeeg kaas oo si toos ah u jaraya qulqulka marka birtu gaarto heerkul gaar ah. Kordhinta heerkulku waxay sababtaa in xarigga bimetallic uu qallooco, sida ka muuqata sawirka. Tani waxay dhacdaa sababtoo ah…
A. Kulaylka gaarka ah ee birta (B) wuu ka weyn yahay kulaylka gaarka ah ee birta (A)
B. Kulaylka gaarka ah ee birta (B) wuu ka yar yahay kulaylka gaarka ah ee birta (A)
C. Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee birta (B) way ka weyn tahay isku-dhafka ballaarinta toosan (A)
D. Isugeynta ballaarinta toosan ee birta (B) way ka yar tahay isku-dhafka ballaarinta toosan (A)
Dood
Bimetal wuxuu ka kooban yahay bir A iyo bir B oo leh isku-xidhnaan kala duwan oo ballaarin toosan ah. Iyada oo lagu saleynayo sawirka kore, marka heerkulku kordho, birta A waxay u muuqataa inay u foorarsato birta B. Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in kororka heerkulka oo kale, birta A ay la kulanto ballaarin toosan oo badan halka birta B ay leedahay ballaarin toosan oo yar. Kordhinta dhererka birta A waxay ka weyn tahay tan birta B, sidaas darteed birta A waxay leedahay isku-xidhnaan ballaaran oo toosan oo ka weyn birta B.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.

Isha su'aasha:

Su'aalaha OSN ee Fiisigiska Dugsiga Sare ee Dhexe