Sharciyada dhaqdhaqaaqa ee Newton - dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka
Sharciga ugu horreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton
1. Haddii aysan jirin xoog saafi ah oo ku shaqeeya shay, markaas:
(1) shayga lama dedejin
(2) shay nasasho ah
(3) isbeddelka xawaaraha shay = 0
(4) shaygu ma socon karo xawaare joogto ah
Weedhkee ayaa sax ah?
Solution
Hadalka saxda ah:
(1) Shayga lama dedejin
Xoogga saafiga ah wuxuu sababaa dardargelinta shay. Markaa haddii uusan jirin xoog saafi ah markaa walxaha lama dedejiyo.
(2) Shayga nasashada
Sharciga ugu horreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton wuxuu dhigayaa haddii aan xoog saafi ah ku dhaqmin shay, markaas shaygu had iyo jeer wuu nasanayaa ama shaygu had iyo jeer wuxuu ku socdaa xawaare joogto ah.
(3) Isbeddelka xawaaraha shay = 0
Isbeddelka xawaaraha = dardargelinta. Isbeddelka xawaaraha macnaheedu ma aha dardargelin. Haddii aan dardargelin jirin markaa xoog saafi ah ma shaqeynayo shay.
2. Miisaanka qof ku jira wiishka marka uu nasto = 500 N. Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed waa 10 m/s 2. Marka wiishku uu degdego, xoogga xiisadda waa 750 N. Waa maxay dardargelinta wiishka.
La yaqaan:
Miisaanka qofka (w) = 500 Newton = 500 kg ms –2 (qaadis marka nasashada)
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka (g) = 10 ms –2
Cufka qofka (m) = 500 / 10 = 50 kg
Xoogga xiisadda (T) = 750 N (kor u qaadista oo la dedejiyay)
Cufnaanta wiishka waa la iska indho tiray.
La Doonayo: Dardargelinta wiishashka
Xalka:
Wiishka marka uu nasto, ma jiro dardargelin (a = 0). Ficillada xoogga kor waxay leeyihiin calaamad lagu daray ficillada xoogga hoosna waxay leeyihiin calaamad laga jaray.
ΣF = ma
T – w = 0
T = w
T = 500 Newtons
Haddii wiishku hoos u degdego markaas xoogga xiisadda ugu yar waa 500 N. Haddii kale, haddii wiishku kor u degdego markaas xoogga xiisadda wuu ka weyn yahay 500 N.
Xoogga xiisadda = 750 N sababtoo ah wiishku wuxuu kor u kacaa. Ficillada xoogga kor waxay leeyihiin calaamad lagu daray ficillada xoogga hoosna waxay leeyihiin calaamad laga jaray.
T – w = ma
750 – 500 = 50 a
250 = 50 a
a = 250/50
a = 5.0 ms –2
3. Qof 60-kg ah oo ku jira wiish ayaa hoos u riixaya 3 m/s 2. Haddii dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed ay tahay 10 m/s 2 , waa maxay xoogga caadiga ah ee dabaqa wiishku ku sameeyo qof ahaan.
La yaqaan:
Cufnaanta (m) = 60 kg
Dardargelinta qofka iyo wiishka (a) = 3 m/s 2
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Miisaanka (w) = mg = (60)(10) = 600 Newtons
La Doonayo: Xoogga caadiga ah (N)
Xalka:
Waxaa jira laba xoog oo ku dhaca qofka ku jira wiishka, waana miisaanka (w) ee qofka iyo xoogga caadiga ah (N) ee dabaqa ku saaran qofka. Waxaa jira saddex tiro oo vektor ah, kuwaas oo ah miisaanka (w), xoogga caadiga ah (N) iyo dardargelinta wiishka, halkaas oo miisaanku hoos u dhaqmo, xoogga caadiga ah uu kor u dhaqmo, dardargelinta wiishkana uu hoos u dhaco. Tirada vektor-ka ee hoos u dhaqma waxay leeyihiin tirooyin calaamado lagu daray iyo tirooyin vektor ah oo kor u dhaqma waxay leeyihiin calaamad laga jaray.
∑F = ma
w – N = (60)(3)
600 – N = 180
N = 600 – 180
N = 420 Newton
4. Shay 40-kg ah oo ku jira wiish ayaa kor u kacaya. Haddii dabaqa wiishku uu ku shaqeeyo 520 N shayga oo dardargelintiisu ay sabab u tahay cufisjiidadka uu yahay 10 m/s 2. Waa maxay dardargelinta wiishka?
La yaqaan:
Cufnaanta (m) = 40 kg
Xoogga caadiga ah (N) = 520 N
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
miisaanka (w) = mg = (40)(10) = 400 N
La Doonayo: Dardargelinta wiishka
Xalka:
∑F = ma
400 – 520 = (40)(a)
-120 = (40)(a)
a = -120/40
a = -3 m/s 2
Dardargelinta wiishku waa 3 m/s 2. Calaamadda laga jaray waxay muujinaysaa in wiishku kor u socdo.
5. Shay 60-kg ah oo ku jira wiish ayaa hoos ugu soo degay 3 m/s 2. Waa maxay xoogga ay sameeyaan walxaha dabaqa wiishka saaran.
La yaqaan:
Cufnaanta (m) = 60 kg
Miisaanka (w) = mg = (60 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 600 kg m/s 2 = 600 Newtons
Dardargelinta wiishka (a) = 3 m/s 2 , hoos
La Doonayo: Xoog uu shaygu ku sameeyo dabaqa wiishka.
Xalka:
Wiishku wuxuu hoos u degdegay 3 m/s . Ficillada xooggu waxay leeyihiin calaamad lagu daray ficillada xoogguna waxay leeyihiin calaamad laga jaray.
w – N = ma
N = w – ma
N = 600 – (60)(3)
N = 600 – 180
N = 420 Newton
Xoogga uu shaygu ku sameeyay dabaqa wiishka = 420 N.
6. Laba baloog ayaa isku xira xadhig ku dul socda baloog. Iska ilow cufka xadhigga iyo baloogga iyo is jiidjiid kasta oo ku jira baloogga. Cufka baloogga A waa 6 kg cufka baloogga B waa 2 kg. Xawaaraha cufisjiidku waa 10 m/s 2. Waa maxay xoogga xiisadda?
La yaqaan:
m A = 6 kg, m B = 2 kg, g = 10 m/s 2
w A = m A g = (6 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 60 kg m/s 2
w B = m B g = (2 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 20 kg m/s 2
La rabay: xoog xiisadeed (T)?
Xalka:
w A > w B si m A hoos ugu dhaqaaqo , m B kor ugu dhaqaaqo.
Sharciga labaad ee Newton:
Σ F = ma
w A – w B = (m A + m B ) a
60 – 20 = (6 + 2) a
40 = (8) a
a = 40 / 8 = 5 m/s 2
Xoogga xiisadda:
m A ayaa hoos u socda:
w A – T A = m A a
60 – T A = (6)(5)
60 – TA = 30
TA = 60 – 30
T 2 = 30 Newton
m B kor ayuu u socdaa:
T B – w B = m B a
T B – 20 = (2)(5)
T B – 20 = 10
T B = 10 + 20
T 1 = 30 Newton
Xoogga xiisadda (T) = 30 Newtons.
7. Cufka shayga A = 5 kg, dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 ms -2 . Shayga A wuxuu hoos ugu socdaa 2.5 ms -2 . Waa maxay cufka B?
La yaqaan:
Cufnaanta A (m A ) = 5 kg
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Dardargelinta shayga A (a) = 2.5 m/s 2
Miisaanka A (w A ) = (m A )(g) = (5)(10) = 50 Newtons
La Raadinayo: Cufka walaxda B (m B )
Xalka:
Baloogga A wuxuu hoos u socdaa sidaa darteed miisaanka shayga A (w A ) wuxuu ka weyn yahay miisaanka shayga B (w B ).
Ku dabaq sharciga labaad ee Newton:
Σ F = ma
w A – w B = (m A + m B ) a
50 – (m B )(10) = (5 + m B ) (2.5)
50 – 10 m B = 12.5 + 2.5 m B
50 – 12.5 = 2.5 m B + 10 m B
37.5 = 12.5 m B
m B = 3 kg
8. Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed waa 10 m/s 2. Waa maxay xoogga xiisadda.
La yaqaan:
Cufka shayga 1 (m1) = 2 kg
Cufka shayga 2 (m2 ) = 3 kg
Dardargelinta cufisjiidadka awgeed (g) = 10 m/s 2
Miisaanka 1 (w 1 ) = (m 1 )(g) = (2 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 20 kg m/s 2
Miisaanka 2 (w 2 ) = (m 2 )(g) = (3 kg)(10 m/s 2 ) = 30 kg m/s 2
La Raadinayo: xoog xiisadeed (T)
Xalka:
w 2 > w 1 si m 2 hoos ugu dhaqaaqo m 1na kor ugu dhaqaaqo.
Sharciga labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton:
Σ F = ma
w 2 – w 1 = (m 1 + m 2 ) a
30 – 20 = (2 + 3) a
10 = (5) a
a = 10 / 5 = 2 m/s 2.
Xoogga xiisadda?
m 2 ayaa hoos u socda
w 2 – T 2 = m 2 a
30 – T 2 = (3)(2)
30 – T 2 = 6
T 2 = 30 – 6
T 2 = 24 Newton
m 1 ayaa kor u socota
T 1 – w 1 = m 1 a
T 1 – 20 = (2)(2)
T 1 – 20 = 4
T 1 = 20 + 4
T 1 = 24 Newton
Xoogga xiisadda (T) = 24 Newtons.
- su'aal: Maxay tahay sababta sharciga ugu horreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton uu xoogga u saarayo muhiimadda ay leedahay awoodaha dibadda ee beddelidda xaaladda dhaqdhaqaaqa shay? Jawaab: Sharciga ugu horreeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton, oo badanaa loo yaqaan sharciga inertia, wuxuu sheegayaa in shay uu ku sii nasan doono ama uu ku socon doono dhaqdhaqaaq siman oo xariiq toosan ah haddii aan lagu dhaqmin xoog dibadda ah. Sharcigani wuxuu iftiiminayaa in awoodaha dibadda, ee aysan ahayn sifooyinka gudaha ee shayga laftiisa, ay beddeli karaan xaaladdiisa dhaqdhaqaaqa.
- su'aal: Sidee sharciga labaad ee Newton ula xiriiraa xoogga, cufnaanta, iyo dardargelinta? Jawaab: Sharciga labaad ee dhaqdhaqaaqa Newton wuxuu sheegayaa in xoogga ku shaqeeya shay uu la mid yahay cufka shaygaas oo lagu dhufto dardargelintiisa (Tani waxay dejisaa saami qaybsi toos ah oo u dhexeeya xoogga iyo dardargelinta iyo saami qaybsi rogan oo u dhexeeya cufnaanta iyo dardargelinta, iyadoo la siinayo xoog joogto ah.
- su'aal: Maxaad u dareemi weyday in Dhulku dhaqaaqayo inkastoo uu si joogto ah u socdo? Jawaab: Kani waa tusaale ka mid ah sharcigii ugu horreeyay ee Newton. Annaga, oo ay weheliyaan Dhulka iyo wax kasta oo ku jira, waxaan si isku mid ah u wada soconnaa. Iyada oo aan lahayn awood dibadda ah oo wax ka beddesha xaaladdan dhaqdhaqaaqa, ma jirto dareen degdeg ah ama isbeddel ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa sidii inaan taagannahay.
- su'aal: Sidee buu sharciga saddexaad ee Newton u sharraxayaa ficilka gantaal hawada sare? Jawaab: Sharciga saddexaad ee Newton wuxuu dhigayaa in ficil kasta, uu jiro falcelin siman oo iska soo horjeeda. Gantaalka hawada sare ku jira ayaa iskiis isu dhaqaajiya isagoo gaasaska qiiqa dib u soo saaraya. Ficilku waa gaaska dib u socda, falgalkuna waa gantaalka hore u socda.
- su'aal: Maxaad ugu dhaqaaqdaa gaari marka uu si lama filaan ah u istaago? Jawaab: Sida ku cad sharciga koowaad ee Newton, jirkaagu wuxuu sii wadaa dhaqdhaqaaqiisa (hore) marka gaarigu istaago. Haddii aan xoog (sida suunka gaariga) kugu dhaqmin, waxaad sii wadi doontaa inaad hore u socoto sababtoo ah firfircooni la'aan.
- su'aal: Haddii baal iyo dubbe lagu rido meel bannaan, maxay sharciyada Newton ka saadaalin karaan dhaqdhaqaaqooda? Jawaab: Marka uu meel bannaan jiro, ma jirto iska caabin hawo. Iyada oo ku saleysan sharciyada koowaad iyo labaad ee Newton, baalka iyo dubbaha labaduba waa inay isku heer dhacaan oo ay dhulka isku mar ku dhacaan sababtoo ah xoogga kaliya ee ku shaqeeya waa cufisjiidadka.
- su'aal: Sidee buu barkinta hawada u yareeyaa fursadaha dhaawaca inta lagu jiro shil gaari? Jawaab: Sharciga ugu horreeya ee Newton wuxuu tilmaamayaa in shay dhaqdhaqaaq ku jira uu sii socdo. Shil marka uu dhaco, dhaqdhaqaaqa hore ee qofku wuu sii socdaa. Barkinta hawadu waxay bixisaa dusha barkin leh oo kordhisa waqtiga hoos u dhaca, taasoo yaraynaysa xoogga uu qofku la kulmo sida waafaqsan .
- su'aal: Maxay u fududahay in la riixo gaari wax iibsi oo madhan marka loo eego mid la rarayo? Jawaab: Sharciga labaad ee Newton () waxay soo jeedinaysaa in isla xaddiga xoogga la isticmaalo, shay leh miisaan yar (gaari madhan) uu yeelan doono dardargelin ka weyn shay leh miisaan badan (gaari la rarayo).
- su'aal: Maxaa dabaalanuhu biyaha dib ugu riixaa si uu hore ugu socdo? Jawaab: Tani waa muujin ku saabsan sharciga saddexaad ee Newton. Marka dabaashaha uu biyaha gadaal u riixo (ficil), waxaa jira falcelin siman oo iska soo horjeeda oo dabaashaha hore u riixaysa.
- su'aal: Sidee ayuu khilaafku ula xiriiraa sharciga ugu horreeya ee Newton? Jawaab: Khilaafku waa awood dibadda ah oo ku dhaqmi karta walxaha si ay u yareeyaan ama u joojiyaan dhaqdhaqaaqooda. Haddii aan lahayn khilaaf (ama awood kale oo dibadda ah), shay wuxuu sii wadi lahaa xaaladdiisa dhaqdhaqaaq aan xadidnayn sida ku xusan sharciga ugu horreeya ee Newton.
