Maqaal ku saabsan Samaynta Sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad isku dhafan (convex)
Si aad u fahamto sameynta sawirka ee muraayadda qaloocan, baro tusaalooyinka dhibaatooyinka iyo xalalka hoose. Xaaladdan, shayga waxaa loo maleynayaa inuu ku jiro masaafo cayiman muraayadda qaloocan,
ka dibna sawir qaab-dhismeedka sawirka muraayadda qaloocan, masaafada sawirka laga soo bilaabo muraayadda qaloocan iyo weynaynta sawirka muraayadda qaloocan.
Muraayadda qaloocan waxay leedahay dherer diiradda saaraya oo ah 20 cm. Walxaha dhererka 10 cm waxay ku yaalliin bidixda muraayadda. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka iyo dhererka sawirka, haddii:
a) masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan ay ka yar tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (do < f),
b) masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (do = f),
c) masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (do > f).
La yaqaan
Dhererka diiradda (f) ee muraayadda qaloocan = 20 cm
Dhererka focal-ka ee muraayadda convex waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay togan sababtoo ah barta focal-ka ee muraayadda convex waa mid dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinku ka dhex maro barta focal-ka.
Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm
Solution:
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka yar dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (samee > f)
Ka soo qaad in masaafada shaygu tahay 5 cm, 10 cm iyo 15 cm.
a) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 5 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/5 = 1/20 – 4/20 = -3/20
di = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa taban, taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid casri ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uusan dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka waa 6.7 cm, waxayna ka sarraysaa masaafada shayga 5 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -(-6.7) / 5 = 6.7 / 5 = 1.3
Weyneynta sawirku waxay ka badan tahay 1 macnaheedu waa in cabbirka sawirku uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (sare)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / ho
hi = M ho = (1.3) (10 cm) = 13 cm
Dhererka sawirka, oo calaamadaysan togan, macnaheedu waa in sawirku toosan yahay.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 10 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/10 = 1/20 – 2/20 = -1/20
di = -20/1 = -20 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa taban taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid casri ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uusan dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka 20 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga 10 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -(-20)/10 = 20/10 = 2
Weyneynta sawirku waxay ka badan tahay 1 macnaheedu waa in cabbirka sawirku uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (sare)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / ho
sare = M h = (2)(10 cm) = 20 cm
Dhererka sawirku waa mid togan oo macnaheedu yahay in sawirku toosan yahay.
c) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 15 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/15 = 3/60 – 4/60 = -1/60
di = -60/1 = -60 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa taban taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid casri ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uusan dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka 60 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga 15 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -(-60)/15 = 60/15 = 4
Weyneynta sawirku waxay ka badan tahay 1 macnaheedu waa in cabbirka sawirku uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (sare)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / saac
sare = M h = (4)(10 cm) = 40 cm
Dhererka sawirku waa mid togan taasoo la macno ah in sawirku toosan yahay.
Masaafada shayga waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (do = f)
Sawirku wuxuu ku jiraa masaafooyin aan dhammaad lahayn.
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (samayn > f)
Ka soo qaad in masaafada shaygu tahay 30 cm, 40 cm iyo 50 cm.
a) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 30 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
di = 60/1 = 60 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa mid togan, taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka 60 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga 30 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -60/30 = -2
Weyneynta sawirku waxay dhaaftay 1, taasoo la micno ah in cabbirka sawirku ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (sare)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / saac
sare = M h = (-2)(10 cm) = -20 cm
Dhererka sawirku waa calaamad taban macnaheedu waa in sawirku rogman yahay.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 40 cm
Masaafada sawirka (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/40 = 2/40 – 1/40 = 1/40
di = 40/1 = 40 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa mid togan, taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka 40 cm, waxay la mid tahay masaafada shayga 40 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -40/40 = -1
Weyneynta sawirka waa 1 macnaheedu waa cabbirka sawirku wuxuu la mid yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (sare)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / ho
sare = M h = (-1)(10 cm) = -10 cm
Dhererka sawirku waa taban taasoo la micno ah in sawirku rogman yahay.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (samayn) = 50 cm
Masaafada sawirka (gudaha)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = 1/20 – 1/50 = 5/100 – 2/100 = 3/100
di = 100/3 = 33.3 cm
Masaafada sawirku waa mid togan, taasoo la macno ah in sawirku yahay mid dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka 33.3 cm way ka yar tahay masaafada shayga 50 cm.
Weyneynta sawirka (M)
M = -di / samee = -33.3/40 = -0.8
Weyneynta sawirka waa ka yar tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah in cabbirka sawirku ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka sawirka (Salaan)
Isle'egta weyneynta sawirka:
M = sare / saac
sare = M h = (-0.8)(10 cm) = -8 cm
Dhererka sawirku waa taban, taasoo la macno ah in sawirku rogman yahay.
