Maqaal ku saabsan Isle'egta dhalada weyneyso weynaanta dhalada
Sida lagu sharraxay mowduuca loupe (muraayadda weynaynta), shay wuxuu u muuqdaa mid yar marka laga eego meel fog wuxuuna u muuqdaa mid aad u fiican marka la eego meel dhow. Farqiga cabbirka shayga ay aragto isha waxaa sababa farqiga xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga. Marka shay uu aad uga fog yahay isha, xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga way yar tahay si sawirka ku samaysma isha uu sidoo kale u yaraado. Taas beddelkeeda, marka shaygu u dhow yahay isha, xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga ayaa weyn si sawirka ku samaysma isha uu sidoo kale u noqdo mid aad u muhiim ah. Inta isha ugu dhow, xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga ayaa sii kordheysa, si sawirka ku samaysma isha uu sidoo kale u weynaado. Fadlan ogow in isha caadiga ah ee bini'aadamku ay leedahay meel u dhow ay tahay 25 cm si masaafada u dhaxaysa isha iyo shaygu aysan uga yaraan karin 25 cm. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in xagasha u dhaxaysa isha caadiga ah ee bini'aadam celcelis ahaan iyo shayga ay ugu badan tahay marka masaafada u dhaxaysa isha iyo shaygu ay tahay 25 cm.
Haddii ka dib marka loo soo dhawaado 25 cm isha caadiga ah, shay aan si cad loo arki karin, markaa waxaa loo baahan yahay qalab indhaha ah si uu isha uga caawiyo inay aragto shayga. Loupe fudud ama weyneeye ayaa u shaqeeya si loo kordhiyo xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga. Awoodda loupe-ka si uu u weyneeyo sawirka waxaa muujiya weyneeye xagal (M). Loupe-ka oo leh weyneeye xagal 2x ah, dabcan, wuu ka fiican yahay loupe-ka oo leh 1x weyneeye xagal. Weyneeye xagal (M) wuu ka duwan yahay weyneeye toosan (m).
Weyneynta xagasha ee loupe-ka
Weyneynta xagasha ee loupe (M) waa saamiga xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo sawirka shayga (θ') marka shayga lagu arko wareegga, ilaa xagasha u dhaxaysa isha iyo shayga (θ) marka shayga si toos ah looga arko meesha u dhow isha caadiga ah. Xisaab ahaan:
M = θ' / θ
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha ee loupe-ka
Isle'egta guud ee weyneynta xagasha waxaa si faahfaahsan looga soo qaatay dib u eegista soo socota. Si aad u fududeyso fahamkaaga, fiiri sawirka hoose.
Jaantuska 1aad, walxaha waxaa si toos ah looga arkaa meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah.
N = barta u dhow isha caadiga ah
θ = Xagasha u dhaxaysa indhaha oo leh labada daraf ee walxaha
h = ho = dhererka shayga
Jaantuska 2aad, walxaha waxaa lagu arki karaa meel loox ah
s = do = masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha iyo muraayadaha
θ' = xagal u dhexeeya loupe iyo labada daraf ee shayga
h = ho = dhererka shayga
Haddii xagashu yar tahay markaa tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h o / N
θ' = h o / samee
Isle'egta guud ee weyneynta xagasha (M) ee loupe:
M = weyneynta xagasha, N = meesha ugu dhow ee isha caadiga ah, do = masaafada shayga. Kani waa isla'egta guud ee weyneynta xagasha ee loupe. Waxaa loo yaqaan isla'eg guud sababtoo ah masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha leh loupe (do) ma aha mid qiimo gaar ah leh, laakiin waxay noqon kartaa qiimo kasta.
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha marka isha lagu fiiro meel fog
Ka warran haddii, marka la daawanayo walxaha iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab koronto, indhaha indha-indheeyuhu ay diiradda saaraan meesha fog? Haddii indhuhu ay ugu yaraan ku habboon yihiin, markaa masaafada sawirku waa mid aan dhammaad lahayn. Si sawirku u noqdo mid aan dhammaad lahayn, masaafada u dhaxaysa shayga iyo wareegga waa inay la mid noqotaa dhererka diiradda ee qalabka korontada (isbarbardhig sharraxaadda ku saabsan qalabka korontada (muraayadda weyneysada)). Eeg sawirka hoose.
Jaantuska 3aad, walxaha waxaa si toos ah looga arkaa meesha ugu dhow isha caadiga ah.
N = barta u dhow isha caadiga ah
θ = xagal u dhexeeya indhaha oo leh labada daraf ee walxaha
h = dhererka shayga
Jaantuska 4aad, walxaha waxaa lagu arkaa meel bannaan oo indhaha indha-indheeyaha ay ugu yaraan ku habboon yihiin (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha fog).
s = do = masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha leh muraayadda = f = dhererka diiradda ee loupe-ka
θ' = xagal u dhexeeya wareegga iyo labada daraf ee shayga
h = dhererka shayga
Haddii xagashu yar tahay markaa tangent θ ≈ θ
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha ee loupe (M) marka la eego indhuhu ay ugu yar yihiin (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha fog):
M = weyneynta xagasha, N = meel u dhow barta isha caadiga ah, f = dhererka diiradda ee loupe-ka.
Isle'egtani waxay muujinaysaa in weynaynta xagasha (M) ee loupe ay si liddi ku ah ugu dhigan tahay dhererka diiradda (f). Inta uu le'eg yahay dhererka diiradda, ayaa yaraysa weynaynta xagasha. Taas beddelkeeda, dhererka diiradda oo yar ayaa sii kordhaya weynaynta xagasha. Loupe waa muraayad qaloocan sidaa darteed waa inay isticmaashaa muraayad qaloocan oo leh dherer diiradda oo yar ama muraayad qaloocan oo leh gacan yar oo qaloocan si weynaanta loupe-ku u weynaato.
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha marka isha ay diiradda saarto meel u dhow
Ka warran haddii, marka aad aragto walxaha isticmaalaya loupe-ka, indhaha indha-indheeyaha ay diiradda saaraan meesha u dhow (hoyga waa ugu badnaan)? Haddii ishu ay leedahay hoy ugu badan, masaafada sawirka ee ay soo saarto loupe-ku waxay la mid tahay meesha u dhow isha caadiga ah. Sawirradu waa kuwo casri ah, sidaa darteed masaafada sawirku (in) waa taban.
Marka masaafada sawirka (di) ay la mid tahay barta u dhow (N), masaafada shayga (do):
Haddii xagashu yar tahay markaa tangent θ ≈ θ
Isle'egta weyneynta xagasha ee loupe marka isha lagu hayo meesha u dhow (waa ugu badnaan):
M = weyneynta xagasha, N = dhibic u dhow isha caadiga ah, f = dhererka diiradda ee loupe-ka.
Isbarbardhig isle'egta weyneynta xagasha marka la dejinayo ay ugu yar tahay (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha fog) iyo isle'egta weyneynta xagasha marka la dejinayo ay ugu badan tahay (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha u dhow).
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo labadan isle'eg, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in weyneynta xagasha ay ka weyn tahay marka la waafajinayo ugu badnaan (indhaha oo diiradda saaraya meesha u dhow).
