Maqaal ku saabsan Isle'egta joogtada ah
Isku day inaad si tartiib ah u furto tuubada biyaha adigoo fiiro gaar ah u leh xawaaraha biyaha ka soo baxaya afka tuubada. Hadda isbarbardhig, xagee ayuu heerka socodka biyuhu si dhakhso ah u socdaa, marka afka tuubada la xiro iyo haddii kale? Maxaa sababay? Si aad tan u fahamto, fadlan baro isle'egta joogtada ah.
loo dardar
Socod joogto ah, xawaaraha qayb kasta oo dareere ah meel, sida ku cad dhibicda A had iyo jeer waa isku mid. Marka ay dhaafayso barta B, xawaaraha qaybaha dareereyaashu way isbeddeli karaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka ay gaarayaan barta B, walxaha dareere ee ka dambeeya waxay ku socdaan xawaare la mid ah walxaha dareere ee ka horreeya. Sidoo kale marka ay imanayaan barta C iyo wixii la mid ah. Khadka Socodku waa qalooc isku xira dhibcaha A, B, iyo C.
Tuubada socodka
Waxaan ku sharxi karnaa mid kasta oo ka mid ah marinnada socodka dareeraha. Haddii aan aragno socod dareere oo joogto ah, qaar ka mid ah marinnada socodka ee ka gudba xagal gaar ah oo ku yaal aagga dusha sare ee mala-awaalka ah waxay sameeyaan tuubo qulqul ah. Ma jiraan walxo dareere ah oo isgoysma laakiin had iyo jeer waa is barbar socda, tuubada socodka waxay u ekaan doontaa tuubo qaabkeedu weli isku mid yahay. Dareeraha soo galaya dhammaadka tuubada ayaa ka soo bixi doona tuubada dhinaca kale.
Debit
Daadintu waxay sheegaysaa mugga dareeraha dhex maraya qayb gaar ah oo iskutallaab ah wakhti go'an. Xisaab ahaan, waxaa la odhan karaa:
Daadinta = Mugga dareeraha / waqtiga u dhexeeya
Q = V / t
Si aan u kordhino fahamkaaga, waxaan isticmaalnaa tusaale. Tusaale ahaan, dareeruhu wuxuu dhex maraa tuubo. Tuubooyinka badanaa waa dhululubo waxayna leeyihiin aag isgoys ah. Tuubada sidoo kale waxay leedahay dherer.
Marka dareeruhu ku qulqulo tuubada ilaa L, mugga dareeraha ku jira tuubada waa V = AL (V = mugga dareeraha, A = aagga isgoyska iyo L = dhererka tuubada). Sababtoo ah ilaa inta uu ku qulqulo tuubo ku teedsan L, dareeruhu wuxuu u baahan yahay waqti go'an, markaa waxaan dhihi karnaa in xaddiga dareeruhu yahay:
Sababtoo ah v = s / t = L / t —> L = vt, isle'egta kore waxaa loo beddelay:
Sidaas darteed, marka dareeruhu dhex maro tuubo leh aag iyo dherer gaar ah oo isgoys ah, muddo cayiman, xaddiga dareeraha soo daadanaya (Q) wuxuu la mid yahay aagga isgoyska (A) oo lagu dhufto xawaaraha socodka dareeraha (v).
Isle'egta joogtada ah
Dib u eeg socodka dareeraha ee tuubo leh dhexroor kala duwan, sida ku cad sawirka hoose.
Sawirkani wuxuu muujinayaa socodka dareeraha laga bilaabo bidix ilaa midig (dareeraha ayaa ka soo qulqulaya tuubo dhexroor weyn ilaa dhexroor yar). Xariiqda jajaban ayaa si habsami leh loo hagaajiyay.
A 1 = bedka qaybta isgoyska ee tuubooyinka dhexroorka weyn leh, A 2 = bedka qaybta isgoyska ee dhexroorka yar leh, v 1 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee tuubo dhexroorka weyn leh, v 2 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee tuubo dhexroorka yar leh, L = masaafada uu dareere ku socdo.
Socod joogto ah, xawaaraha socodka walxaha dareeraha ah ee meel ku yaal wuxuu la mid yahay xawaaraha socodka walxaha kale ee dareeraha ah ee mara meeshaas. Socodka dareeraha sidoo kale isma beddelo (khadadka waa is barbar socda). Sidaa darteed cufka dareeraha ee gala hal dhinac oo tuubada ah waa inuu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha ee ka baxa dhinaca kale. Haddii dareeruhu leeyahay cuf gaar ah oo soo galaya tuubada oo leh dhexroor weyn, markaa dareeruhu wuxuu ka bixi doonaa tuubo yar oo dhexroorkeedu yahay isku cuf.
Hadda ka fiirso sawirka tuubada kor ku xusan. Dib u eeg tuubada dhexroorka weyn iyo tuubada dhexroorka yar.
Inta lagu jiro waqti cayiman, dareerayaal qaar ayaa dhex mara qaybta tuubada oo leh dhexroor weyn (A 1 ) ilaa L 1 (L 1 = v 1 t). Mugga dareeraha socda waa V 1 = A 1 L 1 = A 1 v 1 t. Isla waqtigaas, dareerayaal kale ayaa dhex mara qaybta tuubada dhexroor yar (A 2 ) ilaa L 2 (L 2 = v 2 t). Mugga dareeraha socda waa V 2 = A 2 L 2 = A 2 v 2 t.
Isle'egta joogtada ah ee dareerayaasha aan la cadaadin karin
Dareeraha aan la qaboojin karin, cufnaanta dareeruhu had iyo jeer waa isku mid meel kasta oo ay dhaafto. Cufnaanta dareeruhu waxay ku socotaa tuubo leh aag isdhaafsi ah oo ah A1 (dhexroorka tuubo weyn) inta lagu jiro waqti cayiman waa:
Sidoo kale, cufka dareeraha ku socda tuubo leh aag isgoys ah oo ah A 2 (dhexroorka tuubo yar) inta lagu jiro waqti cayiman waa:
Durdur joogto ah, cufka dareeraha soo galaya wuxuu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha soo baxaya, sidaas darteed:
m 1 = m 2
ρ A 1 v 1 t = ρ A 2 v 2 t
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2
Markaa, isle'egta isle'egta joogtada ah ee dareerayaasha aan la cadaadin karin:
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2 — Isle'egta 1
A 1 = aagga isgoyska 1, A 2 = aagga isgoyska 2, v 1 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee qaybta 1, v 2 = xawaaraha socodka dareeraha ee qaybta 2, A v = heerka socodka mugga (V / t) = dheecaan.
Isle'egta 1aad waxay muujinaysaa in dheecaanku had iyo jeer isku mid yahay meel kasta oo ku teedsan tuubada ama tuubada socodka. Marka qaybta isgoyska tuubooyinku hoos u dhacdo, heerka socodka dareeruhu wuu kordhaa, halka marka qaybta isgoyska tuubooyinku weynaato, heerka socodka dareeruhu wuu yaraadaa.
Marka qayb ka mid ah afka tuubada la xiro, socodka biyuhu wuu ka culusaadaa marka qayb ka mid ah afka tuubada aan la xidhin. Taasi waa sababta oo ah aagga isgoyska ee tuubada ayaa yar marka qayb ka mid ah afka tuubada la xidho si heerka socodka biyuhu uu u kordho. Laakiin waa lagama maarmaan in la ogaado in heerka socodka ama dheecaanku had iyo jeer isku mid yahay meel kasta oo ku teedsan socodka biyaha, ha ahaato qayb ka mid ah afka tuubadayadu xiran tahay iyo haddii kaleba. Haddaba maxaa isbeddelaya heerka socodka dareeraha?
Haddaba ka waran socodka biyaha ee webiga? Qaybta webiga qotoda dheer waxay leedahay isgoys ka weyn qaybta gacmeed ee webiga, sidaa darteed heerka socodka biyaha ee webiga qotoda dheer wuxuu ka yar yahay xawaaraha socodka biyaha ee qaybta gacmeed ee webiga.
Isle'egta joogtada ah ee dareerayaasha la cadaadin karo
Dareeraha la cadaadiyay, cufnaanta dareeruhu had iyo jeer isku mid ma aha. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, cufnaanta dareeruhu way isbeddeshaa marka la cadaadiyo. Haddii dareeruhu aan la cadaadin cufnaanta dareeruhu waa laga saarayaa isla'egta, markaa kiiskan, cufnaanta dareeruhu waxaa lagu darayaa isla'egta. Annagoo tixraaceyna isla'egta hore loo soo saaray, aan soo saarno isla'egta dareeraha la cadaadiyay.
Cufka dareeraha ee soo gala wuxuu la mid yahay cufka dareeraha ka baxaya, sidaas darteed:
m 1 = m 2
ρ A 1 v 1 t = ρ A 2 v 2 t
Muddada socodka dareeruhu waa isku mid si loo baabi'iyo. Isle'egyada ayaa isu beddela:
ρ A 1 v 1 = ρ A 2 v 2 → Isla'egta 2
Kani waa isle'egta dareeraha la cadaadiyay. Farqiga wuxuu ku jiraa cufnaanta dareeraha. Haddii dareeraha la cadaadiyo, cufnaanta ayaa isbeddesha. Taas beddelkeeda, haddii dareeraha aan la cadaadin, cufnaanta had iyo jeer waa isku mid si looga saaro isle'egta.
Tusaale ahaan dhibaatada 1aad:
Biyuhu waxay dhex maraan tuubo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm oo xawaarekeedu yahay 2 m/s. Waa maxay daadinta biyuhu?
La yaqaan:
Dhexroorka tuubada = 10 cm
Radius-ka tuubada (r) = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Xawaaraha biyaha (v) = 2 m/s
La Raadinayo: Kaarka deynta
Xalka:
Q = A v
Q = ( π r 2 ) (2 m/s)
Q = (3.14)(0.05 m) 2 (2 m/s)
Q = (3.14)(0.0025 m 2 )(2 m/s)
Q = 0.0157 m 3 / s
Tusaale ahaan dhibaatada 2aad:
Dhuun dhexroorkiisu yahay 20 cm ayaa ku xiran tuubo kale oo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm. Haddii xawaaraha biyaha ee tuubo dhexroorkeedu yahay 20 cm uu yahay 4 m/s, waa maxay xawaaraha biyaha ee tuubo dhexroorkeedu yahay 10 cm?
La yaqaan:
Dhexroorka 1 = 20 cm (r 1 = 10 cm = 0.1 m)
v 1 = 4 m/s
Dhexroorka 2 = 10 cm (r 2 = 5 cm = 0.05 m)
La Rabay: v 1
Jawaab:
Q 1 = Q 2
A 1 v 1 = A 2 v 2
( π r 12 ) (4 m/s) = (π r 22 ) (v 2 )
(0.1 m) 2 (4 m/s) = (0.05 m) 2 (v 2 )
(0.01 m 2 )(4 m/s) = (0.0025 m 2 )(v 2 )
(0.04 m 3 / s) = (0.0025 m 2 )(v 2 )
v 2 = 16 m/s
