Tusaalaha Su'aalaha Doodda Titration-Asiidh-Base
Titration-ka salka aashitada waa mid ka mid ah hababka falanqaynta tirada ugu badan ee kiimikada. Farsamadani waxay ku lug leedahay falcelinta u dhaxaysa aashitada iyo salka si loo go'aamiyo isku-darka xalka. Maqaalkan, waxaan ka wada hadli doonnaa dhowr tusaale oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka titration-ka salka aashitada iyo xalalkooda, iyadoo ujeedadu tahay inaan kaa caawinno inaad fahamto fikradaha aasaasiga ah iyo sida loo sameeyo.
Fikradaha Aasaasiga ah ee Titration-Asiidh-Salaysan
Titrations-ka saldhigga aashitada waxay ku lug leeyihiin falgal dhexdhexaadin ah oo u dhexeeya aashitada haydarojiinta (H⁺) oo ka timaadda aashitada iyo aashitada hydroxide (OH⁻) oo ka timaadda saldhig si ay u sameeyaan biyo (H₂O). Barta u dhiganta waa barta tirada aashitada ay la mid tahay tirada aashitada ee lagu daray. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, falcelinta u dhaxaysa aashitada iyo salka ayaa si buuxda u dhacday.
Qaaciddada Guud
Qaacidada aasaasiga ah ee loo isticmaalo titration-ka aashitada waa:
\[ n_{a} \cdot M_{a} \cdot V_{a} = n_{b} \cdot M_{b} \cdot V_{b} \]
Halkee:
– \( n_{a} \) waa qiimaha aashitada,
– \( M_{a} \) waa molarity-ga aashitada,
– \(V_{a} \) waa mugga aashitada,
– \( n_{b} \) waa qiimaha salka,
– \( M_{b} \) waa molarity-ga saldhigga,
– \( V_{b} \) waa mugga saldhigga.
Warqadda Litmus iyo Tilmaamayaasha
Dhaqanka titration-ka, tilmaamayaasha saldhigga aashitada sida phenolphthalein ama methyl orange ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo barta isku-dhafka ah. Tilmaamayaashani waxay midabka ku beddelaan pH gaar ah, taasoo muujinaysa in la gaaray barta isku-dhafka ah.
Su'aalo iyo Doodo Tusaale ah
Su'aal Tusaale ah 1: Titration of Strong Acid and Strong Sal
Su'aal:
Waa la ogyahay in 25 mL oo ah xalka 0,1 M HCl lagu daray 0,1 M NaOH. Waa maxay mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro barta u dhiganta?
Dood:
Falcelinta u dhaxaysa HCl iyo NaOH waa:
\[ HCl + NaOH \arrow NaCl + H_2O \]
Tallaabada 1: Go'aami burooyinka H⁺ laga bilaabo HCl
\[n_{\text{HCl}} = M_{\text{HCl}} \times V_{\text{HCl}} \]
\[n_{\text{HCl}} = 0,1 \jeer 0,025 = 0,0025 \text{mol} \]
Tallaabada 2: Go'aami mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay
Sababtoo ah HCl iyo NaOH waxay leeyihiin saamiga 1:1 ee falgalka (n = 1):
\[ n_{\text{HCl}} = n_{\text{NaOH}} \]
\[ M_{\text{NaOH}} \times V_{\text{NaOH}} = 0,0025 \text{mol} \]
\[V_{\text{NaOH}} = \frac{0,0025 \text{ mol}}{0,1 \text{ M}} = 0,025 \text{ L} = 25 \text{ mL} \]
Markaa, mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay waa 25 mL.
Su'aal Tusaale 2: Titration of Weak Acid and Strong Sal
Su'aal:
Wadarta guud ee 50 mL oo ah 0,1 M acetic acid (CH₃COOH) ayaa lagu daray 0,1 M NaOH. Waa maxay mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro barta u dhiganta?
Dood:
Falcelinta u dhaxaysa asiidhka acetic iyo NaOH waa:
\[ CH_3COOH + NaOH \heerka saxda ah CH_3COONa + H_2O \]
Tallaabada 1: Go'aami burooyinka H⁺ laga bilaabo CH₃COOH
\[ n_{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} = M_{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} \times V_{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} \]
\[ n_{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} = 0,1 \times 0,05 = 0,005 \text{mol} \]
Tallaabada 2: Go'aami mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay
Sababtoo ah saamiga mole ee u dhexeeya CH₃COOH iyo NaOH waa 1:1:
\[ n_{\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}} = n_{\text{NaOH}} \]
\[ M_{\text{NaOH}} \times V_{\text{NaOH}} = 0,005 \text{mol} \]
\[V_{\text{NaOH}} = \frac{0,005 \text{ mol}}{0,1 \text{ M}} = 0,05 \text{ L} = 50 \text{ mL} \]
Markaa, mugga NaOH ee loo baahan yahay waa 50 mL.
Su'aal Tusaale ah 3: Titration Polyprotic ah oo ah Asiidhyada iyo Salka Xooggan
Su'aal:
Waa la ogyahay in 40 mL oo ah xalka 0,05 M H₂SO₄ lagu daray 0,1 M KOH. Waa maxay mugga KOH ee loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro dhibcaha u dhigma ee koowaad iyo labaad?
Dood:
H₂SO₄ waa aashito diprotic ah oo sii deyn karta laba aashito H⁺ ah. Falcelinta KOH waa laba marxaladood:
\[ H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \faar toos ah K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O \]
Tallaabada 1: Go'aami burooyinka H⁺ ee ka imanaya H₂SO₄
\[ n_{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} = M_{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \times V_{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \]
\[n_{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} = 0,05 \times 0,04 = 0,002 \text{mol} \]
Tallaabada 2: Go'aami mugga KOH ee looga baahan yahay marxalad kasta
Titration-ka koowaad (sii deynta hal H⁺):
\[ n_{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} = n_{\text{KOH}} \]
\[ M_{\text{KOH}} \times V_{\text{KOH}} = 0,002 \text{mol} \]
\[ V_{\text{KOH}}_{\text{first}} = \frac{0,002 \text{ mol}}{0,1 \text{ M}} = 0,02 \text{ L} = 20 \text{ mL} \]
Titration-ka labaad (ka saarista laba H⁺) laba jeer ayaa loo baahan yahay burooyinka hore:
\[n_{\text{KOH}}_{\text{second}} = 2 \jeer 0,002 \text{ mol} = 0.004 \text{ mol} \]
\[ V_{\text{KOH}}_{\text{second}} = \frac{0.004 \text{ mol}}{0,1 \text{ M}} = 0,04 \text{ L} = 40 \text{ mL} \]
Markaa, mugga KOH ee looga baahan yahay dhibicda isle'egta koowaad waa 20 mL, dhibicda isle'egta labaadna waa 40 mL.
Gabagabo
Iyada oo loo marayo tusaalooyin dhowr ah oo ku saabsan titration-ka aashitada salka ah ee kor ku xusan, waxaan barannay sida loo go'aamiyo mugga xalka loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro barta isku-dhafka ah ee noocyada kala duwan ee titration-ka. Waa muhiim inaad had iyo jeer fiiro gaar ah u yeelato stoichiometry-ka falcelinta oo aad si sax ah u isticmaasho qaacidada titration-ka aasaasiga ah si aad u hesho natiijooyin sax ah. Ku celcelinta joogtada ah ee noocyada kala duwan ee dhibaatooyinka ayaa kaa caawin doonta xoojinta fahamkaaga titration-ka aashitada salka ah ee kiimikada falanqaynta.
