Tusaalaha Su'aalaha Doodda ee Hadda Beddelka ah
Pendahuluan
Current-ka beddelka ah (AC) waa nooc ka mid ah current-ka korontada oo si joogto ah u beddela jihada. Si ka duwan current-ka tooska ah (DC), kaas oo ku socda hal jiho, socodka current-ka beddelka ah xawaare iyo jihooyin kala duwan. AC-ga waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qaybinta korontada sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka gudbinta masaafada dheer iyo awoodda uu si fudud ugu beddeli karo danabkiisa isagoo adeegsanaya transformers-ka. Maqaalkani wuxuu bixin doonaa dhowr tusaale oo dhibaatooyin iyo doodo la xiriira current-ka beddelka ah si loo sii xoojiyo fahamkaaga mowduucan.
Su'aal Tusaale ah 1: Soo noqnoqoshada iyo Muddada Korontada Beddelaysa
Su'aal:
Koronto beddelan leh waxay leedahay soo noqnoqosho dhan 50 Hz. Xisaabi muddada hadda jirta.
Dood:
Soo noqnoqoshada (f) iyo muddada (T) ee hadda beddelka ah waxay leeyihiin xiriirka soo socda:
\[ T = \frac{1}{f} \]
Iyadoo la adeegsanayo soo noqnoqoshada (f) oo ah 50 Hz:
\[ T = \frac{1}{50} \]
\[ T = 0,02 \qoraal{ ilbiriqsi} \]
Markaa, muddada hadda isbeddelka ahi waa 0,02 ilbiriqsi.
Su'aal Tusaale 2: Cadaadiska Ugu Badan iyo Cadaadiska Waxtarka leh
Su'aal:
Koronto beddelan leh waxay leedahay danab ugu badan (Vmax) oo ah 311 V. Xisaabi danab wax ku ool ah (Veff) ee hadda jira.
Dood:
Danabka wax ku oolka ah (Veff) ee hadda beddela waa afargeeska celceliska danabka ugu badan waxaana lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{V_{\text{max}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
Haddii Vmax loo yaqaan inuu yahay 311 V, markaas:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \text{V}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \text{V}}{1,414} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} \qiyaastii 220 \text{ V} \]
Markaa, danab wax ku ool ah oo hadda beddelan waa 220 V.
Su'aal Tusaale ah 3: Awoodda Korontada ee Wareegga Iska caabinta
Su'aal:
Wareegga iska caabinta ah ee saafiga ah, socodka qulqulka tamarta (Ieff) waa 5 A iyo danabka waxtarka leh (Veff) waa 220 V. Xisaabi awoodda korontada ee wareegga nuugaya.
Dood:
Awoodda korantada (P) ee ay nuugto wareegga iska caabbinta oo keliya waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ P = V_{\text{eff}} \times I_{\text{eff}} \]
Iyada oo leh Veff oo ah 220 V iyo Ieff oo ah 5 A, markaa:
\[ P = 220 \qoraal{ V} \times 5 \qoraal{ A} \]
\[ P = 1100 \qoraal{ W} \]
Markaa, awoodda korontada ee wareegga uu nuugo waa 1100 watts.
Tusaale ahaan Dhibaatada 4: Impedance ee Wareegga Taxanaha LR
Su'aal:
Wareeggu wuxuu ka kooban yahay iska caabin (R) oo ah 10 ohms iyo inductor (L) oo leh inductance oo ah 0,1 H oo taxane ah. Haddii koronto beddel ah oo leh soo noqnoqosho 50 Hz ah ay dhex marto wareegga, xisaabi wadarta guud ee impedance-ka wareegga.
Dood:
Wadarta is-hortaagga (Z) ee wareegga taxanaha ah ee LR waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
Halkee:
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
iyo \(\omega\) waa soo noqnoqoshada xagasha ee ay bixiso:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Iyada oo leh f oo ah 50 Hz:
\[ \omega = 2\pi \times 50 \]
\[ \omega = 100\pi \qoraal{ radians/second} \]
Inductance (L) ee 0,1 H:
\[ X_L = 100\pi \times 0,1 \]
\[ X_L = 10\pi \qoraal{ ohm} \]
Marka, wadarta guud ee impedance (Z) waa:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{10^2 + (10\pi)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + (100\pi^2)} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + 986.96} \]
\[ Z \qiyaastii \sqrt{1086.96} \]
\[ Z \qiyaastii 32.97 \qoraal{ ohm} \]
Marka, wadarta guud ee isku-dhafka wareegga waa qiyaastii 32,97 ohms.
Tusaale ahaan Dhibaatada 5aad: Saamaynta Awoodda ee Wareegyada RLC ee Taxanaha ah
Su'aal:
Marka la eego taxane wareeg RLC ah oo leh qiimayaal ah R = 20 ohms, L = 50 mH, iyo C = 100 μF oo ku xiran isha danabka AC oo leh soo noqnoqosho ah 60 Hz. Xisaabi qodobka korontada ee wareegga.
Dood:
Qodobka korontada ee wareegga RLC waxaa go'aamiya
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
Tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la xisaabiyo wadarta guud ee is-hortaagga (Z) ee wareegga:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Di mana
\[ f = 60 \qoraal{ Hz} \]
\[ \omega = 2\pi \times 60 \]
\[ \omega = 120\pi \qoraal{ rad/s} \]
Kadib xisaabi falgalka inductive (XL) iyo capacitive (XC):
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
\[ X_L = 120\pi \times 0,05 \]
\[ X_L = 6\pi \qoraal{ ohm} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{120\pi \times 100 \times 10^{-6}} \]
\[ X_C = \ frac{1}{0,012\pi} \]
\[ X_C \qiyaastii 26,525 \qoraal{ ohm} \]
Farqiga u dhexeeya falgalka inductive iyo capacitive \(X_L - X_C\):
\[ X = X_L – X_C \]
\[ X = 6\pi – 26,525 \]
\[ X \qiyaastii -7,903 \qoraal{ohm} \]
Kadib xisaabi wadarta guud ee impedance (Z):
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{20^2 + (-7,903)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{400 + 62,41} \]
\[ Z \qiyaastii \sqrt{462,41} \]
\[ Z \qiyaastii 21,51 \qoraal{ ohm} \]
Kadib qodobka awoodda (cos(φ)):
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{20}{21,51} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) \qiyaastii 0,93 \]
Markaa, xoogga korontada ee wareegga waa qiyaastii 0,93.
Gabagabo
Current-ka beddelka ahi wuxuu leeyahay astaamo gaar ah oo ka soocaya current-ka tooska ah, sida soo noqnoqoshada, muddada, iyo qiimaha wax ku oolka ah. Falanqaynta wareegyada AC, waxaan ka fiirsanaa qaybaha iska caabbinta, soo-jiidashada, iyo awoodda. Intaa waxaa dheer, xisaabinta impedance iyo factor power waa muhiim si loo naqshadeeyo loona falanqeeyo waxqabadka wareegga. Marka la fahmo tusaalooyinka kor ku xusan, si fudud ayaan u fahmi karnaa fikradaha aasaasiga ah ee current-ka beddelka ah iyo codsiyadiisa injineernimada korontada.
