Korontada taagan waa mowduuc muhiim ah oo ku jira fiisigiska fasalka 12aad. Waxay ka hadlaysaa dhacdooyinka la xiriira dallacaadaha korontada marka nasashada ama dhaqdhaqaaqa. Fahmidda fikradaha aasaasiga ah, sharciga Coulomb, iyo goobaha korontada ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah xallinta dhibaatooyin kala duwan oo la xiriira korontada taagan. Maqaalkan, waxaan ka hadli doonnaa dhowr tusaale oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka korontada taagan ee inta badan ka soo muuqda imtixaanada fasalka 12aad, iyo xalalkooda.
Fikradaha Aasaasiga ah ee Korontada Ma-guurtada ah
Korontada taagan waxay ka dhalataa dheelitir la'aanta kharashyada korontada ee dusha sare ee shay. Kharashkan waxaa laga wareejin karaa hal shay ilaa mid kale iyada oo loo marayo hababka sida is-jiidjiidka, gudbinta, iyo kicinta.
– Sharciga Coulomb: Sharcigani wuxuu sharxayaa xoogga soo jiidashada ama ka-hortagga u dhexeeya laba dallacaad koronto oo dhibic leh. Qaaciddada sharciga Coulomb waa:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Halkee:
– \( F \) waa xoogga u dhexeeya dallacaadaha (Newton).
– \( k \) waa joogtada Coulomb (\( 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)).
– \( q_1 \) iyo \( q_2 \) waa baaxadda dallacaadaha (Coulombs).
– \( r \) waa masaafada u dhaxaysa labada dallac (mitir).
– Goobta Korontada: Goobta korontadu waa meesha ku wareegsan dallacaadda korontada oo ay awood koronto ku dareemi karaan dallacaadaha kale. Goobta korontadu \( E \) meel fog \( r \) u jirta dallacaadda \( Q \) waa:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Su'aalo iyo Doodo Tusaale ah
Su'aal Tusaale 1aad: Coulomb Force
Su'aal:
Laba dallacaad koronto oo ah \( 2 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) iyo \( -3 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) waxay ku yaalliin masaafo dhan 0,1 mitir. Xisaabi xoogga Coulomb ee u dhexeeya labada dallacaad.
Xalka:
Isticmaal qaacidada sharciga ee Coulomb:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Ku beddel qiimayaasha la yaqaan:
\[
F = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \, \qoraal{N m}^2/\qoraal{C}^2 \jeer \frac{{(2 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C})(3 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C})}}{{(0,1 \, \qoraal{m})^2}}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer \frac{6 \jeer 10^{-12}}{0,01}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer 6 \jeer 10^{-10}
\]
\[
F = 53,94 \jeer 10^{-1} \, \qoraal{N}
\]
\[
F = 5,394 \, \qoraal{N}
\]
Markaa, xoogga Coulomb ee u dhexeeya labada dacwadood waa 5,394 N.
Su'aal Tusaale 2aad: Goobta Korontada iyadoo la adeegsanayo Lacag Dhibco ah
Su'aal:
Xisaabi goobta korantada masaafada 0,05 mitir laga bilaabo dallacaadda \( 4 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \).
Xalka:
Isticmaal qaacidada goobta korantada:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Ku beddel qiimayaasha la yaqaan:
\[
E = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \, \qoraal{N m}^2/\qoraal{C}^2 \jeer \frac{4 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C}}{(0,05 \, \qoraal{m})^2}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer \frac{4 \jeer 10^{-6}}{0,0025}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer 1,6 \jeer 10^{-3}
\]
\[
E = 14,384 \jeer 10^6 \, \qoraal{N/C}
\]
\[
E = 1,4384 \jeer 10^7 \, \qoraal{N/C}
\]
Markaa, goobta korontada ee masaafada 0,05 mitir u jirta dallacaadda waa \( 1,4384 \times 10^7 \, \text{N/C} \).
Su'aal Tusaale ah 3: Awoodda Korontada
Su'aal:
Dalacsiin ah \( 5 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) ayaa la dhigayaa meel gaar ah. Xisaabi awoodda korantada masaafad 0,2 mitir u jirta dalacsiinta.
Xalka:
Isticmaal qaacidada awoodda korantada:
\[
V = k \frac{Q}{r}
\]
Ku beddel qiimayaasha la yaqaan:
\[
V = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \, \qoraal{N m}^2/\qoraal{C}^2 \jeer \frac{5 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C}}{0,2 \, \qoraal{m}}
\]
\[
V = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer 25 \jeer 10^{-6}
\]
\[
V = 224,75 \jeer 10^3 \, \qoraal{V}
\]
\[
V = 2,2475 \jeer 10^5 \, \qoraal{V}
\]
Markaa, awoodda korantada ee masaafada 0,2 mitir u jirta dallacaadda waa \( 2,2475 \times 10^5 \, \text{V} \).
Su'aal Tusaale ah 4: Tamarta Awoodda Korontada
Su'aal:
Laba dallacaad oo ah \( 3 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) iyo \( -2 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) waxay ku jiraan masaafo dhan 0,1 mitir. Xisaabi tamarta korontada ee nidaamka.
Xalka:
Isticmaal qaacidada tamarta korontada ku shaqaysa:
\[
U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r}
\]
Ku beddel qiimayaasha la yaqaan:
\[
U = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \, \qoraal{N m}^2/\qoraal{C}^2 \jeer \frac{(3 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C})(-2 \jeer 10^{-6} \, \qoraal{C})}{0,1 \, \qoraal{m}}
\]
\[
U = 8.99 \jeer 10^9 \jeer \frac{-6 \jeer 10^{-12}}{0,1}
\]
\[
U = -5,394 \jeer 10^{-1} \, \qoraal{J}
\]
\[
U = -0,5394 \, \qoraal{J}
\]
Markaa, tamarta korontada ee nidaamka waa -0,5394 J.
Gabagabo
Fahmidda korontada taagan iyo adeegsiga fikradaha aasaasiga ah sida sharciga Coulomb, goobaha korontada, awoodda korontada, iyo tamarta awoodda korontada ayaa muhiim u ah fiisigiska fasalka 12aad. Marka la barto dhibaatooyinka tusaalaha ah ee kor ku xusan, ardayda waxaa laga filayaa inay si fiican u fahmaan fikradahan oo ay awood u yeeshaan inay ku dabaqaan xaalado kala duwan. Dhibaatooyinkani waxay sidoo kale ka caawiyaan ardayda inay u diyaar garoobaan imtixaanno iyo caqabado aad u adag mustaqbalka.
Ku celcelinta noocyada kala duwan ee dhibaatooyinka korontada ee taagan waxay xoojin doontaa fahamkaaga fikradeed waxayna horumarin doontaa xirfadahaaga xallinta dhibaatooyinka. Had iyo jeer hubi inaad fahamto aasaaska aragtiyeed ka hor intaadan ka shaqeyn dhibaatooyinka, maadaama faham adag uu kaa caawin doono inaad si hufan oo sax ah u xalliso dhibaatooyinka.
