5 Tusaalooyin su'aalo muraayado qaloocan leh
1. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda isku laaban (lens-ka isku laaban) waa 15 cm. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 5 cm ayaa ku yaal dhinaca bidix ee muraayadda. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weyneynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka haddii shaygu uu 5 cm u jiro muraayadda isku laaban.
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka diiradda (f) = 15 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan sababtoo ah barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waxaa dhex mara iftiin ama waa mid dhab ah.
Dhererka shayga (h) = 5 cm
Masaafada shayga (yada) = 5 cm
La weydiiyay : masaafada hooska, weynaynta hooska, dhererka hooska iyo sifooyinka hooska
Jawaab:
Sawirka sameynta sawirka ee shay iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad qaloocan:
Masaafada sawirka(yada):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/5 = 1/15 – 3/15 = -2/15
s' = -15/2 = -7,5 cm
Masaafada hooska taban waxay ka dhigan tahay in hoosku yahay mid casri ah ama iftiinka iftiinku uusan dhex marin hooska.
Masaafada sawirka ee 7,5 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga ee 5 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-7,5)/5 = 7,5/5 = 1,5 jeer
Weyneynta togan ee sawirka waxay la macno tahay in sawirku toosan yahay ama aanu rogmanayn.
Cabbirka sawirka ayaa 1,5 jeer ka weyn cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h'):
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (1,5)5 = 10/3 = 7,5 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay ama uusan kor u soo kicin.
Dhererka sawirka oo ah 7,5 cm ayaa ka weyn dhererka shayga oo ah 5 cm.
Sifooyinka hooska
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta kor ku xusan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in sifooyinka sawirka shay ay samaysay muraayad qaloocan ay yihiin:
- fallaaraha casriga ah ama kuwa iftiinka ah ma dhex maraan hooska
– Toosan ama aan kor u soo kicin
– Weynaaday ama cabbirka sawirku wuu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga
– Masaafada sawirku way ka weyn tahay masaafada shayga
2. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 10 cm waa 30 cm horteeda muraayad qaloocan oo dhererkeedu yahay 15 cm. Xisaabi masaafada sawirka, weyneynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka!
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka diiradda (f) = 15 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan sababtoo ah barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waxaa dhex mara iftiin ama waa mid dhab ah.
Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm
Masaafada shayga (yada) = 30 cm
La weydiiyay: Masaafada hooska, weynaynta hooska, dhererka hooska iyo sifooyinka hooska
Jawaab:
Sawirka sameynta sawirka ee shay iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad qaloocan:
Masaafada sawirka(yada):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/15 – 1/30 = 2/30 – 1/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Masaafada hooska togan waxay ka dhigan tahay in hoosku yahay mid dhab ah ama hooska uu dhex maro iftiin.
Masaafada hooska ee 30 cm waxay la mid tahay masaafada shayga ee 30 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M):
M = -s'/s = -(30)/30 = -30/30 = -1 jeer
Weyneynta sawirka oo leh calaamad taban waxay la macno tahay in sawirku rogmanayo.
Weynaynta 1 macnaheedu waa in cabbirka hoosku uu la mid yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h'):
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (-1)10 = -10 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa taban, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku rogmanayo.
Dhererka hoosku waa 10 cm, kaas oo la mid ah dhererka shayga, kaas oo ah 10 cm.
Sifooyinka hooska
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta kor ku xusan, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeyn karaa in sifooyinka sawirka shay ay samaysay muraayad qaloocan ay yihiin:
- iftiin dhab ah ama iftiin ayaa dhex mara hooska
- gadaal
– cabbirka hoosku wuxuu la mid yahay cabbirka shayga
– masaafada hoosku waa la mid tahay masaafada shayga
Su'aalaha muraayadaha indhaha ee loo yaqaan 'convex lens'
1. Shay dhererkiisu yahay 5 cm waa 10 cm hortiisa muraayad qaloocan oo dhererkeedu yahay 30 cm. Go'aami: (a) masaafada sawirka, (b) weyneynta sawirka, (c) dhererka sawirka iyo (d) sifooyinka sawirka!
Furaha jawaabta:
(a) s' = -15 cm
(b) m = 1,5
(c) h' = 7,5 cm
(d) sifooyinka sawirka: dalwad, toosan, la ballaariyay
2. Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa 10 cm, masaafada shayga laga soo bilaabo muraayadda qaloocan waa 15 cm, dhererka shayguna waa 2 cm. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weynaynta sawirka, dhererka sawirka iyo sifooyinka sawirka!
Furaha jawaabta:
(a) s' = 30 cm
(b) m = -2
(c) h' = -15 cm
(d) sifooyinka sawirka: dhab ah, rogmaday, la ballaariyay
3. Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Sayniska ee Dugsiga Sare ee Hoose C4-P12 No. 13
Fiiri sawirka soo socda! Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta lagu muujiyay sawirka, dhererka diiradda muraayadda waa...
A. 4,5 cm
B. 7,5 cm
C. 10 cm
D. 12 cm
Dood
Iyada oo lagu saleynayo sawirka waddada iftiinka, waxaa lagu soo gabagabeynayaa in nooca muraayaddu ay tahay muraayad wareegsan ama muraayad togan.
Waa la ogyahay in:
Masaafada shayga (yada) = 20 cm
Masaafada hooska (s') = 30 cm
La weydiiyay: Dhererka diiradda muraayadda (f)
Jawaab:
Qaacidada muraayadda wareegsan:
1/s + 1/s' = 1/f
Sharaxaadda qaacidooyinka iyo xeerarka saxiixa:
s = masaafada shayga (togan sababtoo ah shayga waxaa gudbiya iftiinka dhacdada)
s' = masaafada hooska (togan sababtoo ah hooska waxaa dhex mara iftiin ama hoosku waa dhab)
f = dhererka diiradda (diirada muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan sababtoo ah waxay dhex martaa iftiin)
Markaa dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (f):
1/f = 1/20 + 1/30 = 3/60 + 2/60 = 5/60
f = 60/5 = 12 cm
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
4. Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Sayniska Dugsiga Sare ee 2011 Su'aal Lambar 12 - Muraayadaha Convex
Shay ayaa hor yaal muraayad qaloocan sida sawirka ka muuqata. Haddii dhererka diiradda muraayaddu uu yahay 20 cm, waxay...
Sawirka shay ayaa la soo saaraa iyadoo la weyneynayo...
A. 3 jeer
B. 2 jeer
C. 1,5 jeer
D. 0,5 jeer
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (f) = 20 cm
Barta dhexe ee muraayadda qaloocan waxaa dhex mara iftiin si dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan uu u noqdo mid dhab ah oo leh calaamad togan.
Masaafada shayga (yada) = 30 cm
La weydiiyay: Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
Jawaab:
Kahor inta aadan xisaabin weyneynta sawirka, marka hore xisaabi masaafada sawirka (yada).
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
s' = 60/1 = 60 cm
Weyneynta Sawirka:
M = s'/s = 60 cm / 30 cm = 60/30 = 2 jeer
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
5. EBTANAS-SMP-01-14
Sawirka muujinaya wadada saxda ah ee shucaacyada gaarka ah ee muraayadda qaloocan waa...
Dood
Muraayadaha isku laaban waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan muraayad isku laaban sababtoo ah waxay ururisaa iftiinka. Waxaa loogu yeeraa muraayad togan sababtoo ah iftiinku wuxuu dhex maraa barta diiradda ee muraayadda isku laaban, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid dhab ah.
Dhanka kale, muraayadda qaloocan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan muraayad kala duwan sababtoo ah waxay faafisaa iftiinka. Waxaa loo yaqaan muraayad taban sababtoo ah barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan iftiin ma dhex maro sababtoo ah
waa mid casri ah.
Waxaa intaas dheer tusaale sawir ah oo ku saabsan sameynta sawir muraayad isku dhafan iyadoo la adeegsanayo saddex raajo oo gaar ah.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.
