Tusaale Su'aalaha Tamarta ee Awoodda Korontada
1. Elektaroonku wuxuu ka soo kacaa nasashada iyadoo loo marayo farqi suurtagal ah oo ah 12 volts. Waa maxay isbeddelka ku yimid tamarta suurtagalka ah ee elektaroonku?
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Xamuul 1 elektaroonik (e) = -1,60 x 10-19 Coulomb
Farqiga awoodda korontada = danabka korontada (V) = 12 Volts
La weydiiyay: Isbeddelka tamarta awoodda elektarooniga (ΔEP)
Jawaab:
ΔEP = q V = (-1,60 x 10-19 C)(12 V) = -19,2 x 10-19 Joule
Calaamadda taban macnaheedu waa tamarta awoodda korontada hoos u dhaca. Marka uu u dhawaado saxanka taban ee korontada ku shaqeeya, tamarta korontada ku shaqaysa ee elektarooniga ah waxay gaartaa heerkeeda ugu sarreeya. Ka dib marka uu gaaro meel u dhow saxanka togan ee korontada ku shaqeeya, tamarta korontada ku shaqaysa ee elektarooniga ah waxay gaartaa heerkeeda ugu hooseeya.
2. Laba saxan oo is barbar socda ayaa mid walba si togan iyo si taban loo dallacaa. Goobta korontada ee u dhaxaysa labada saxan waa 500 Volts/mitir. Masaafada u dhaxaysa labada saxan waa 2 cm. Go'aami isbeddelka tamarta suurtagalka ah ee proton marka uu ka dhaqaaqo saxanka togan una wareego saxanka taban!
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Goobta korontada inta u dhaxaysa labada saxan (E) = 500 Volts/mitir
Masaafada u dhaxaysa labada saxan (s) = 2 cm = 0,02 mitir
Dakhli Proton ah = +1,60 x 10-19 Coulomb
La weydiiyay: Isbeddelka tamarta awoodda korantada (ΔEP)
Jawaab:
Marka hore xisaabi farqiga suurtagalka ah ama danab koronto :
V = E s
V = (500 Volts/mitir)(0,02 mitir)
V = 10 Volt
Isbeddellada ku yimaada tamarta korontada:
ΔEP = q V
ΔEP = (1,60 x 10-19 C) (10 V)
ΔEP = 16 x 10-19 Joule
ΔEP = 1,6 x 10-18 Joule
Marka uu u dhow yahay saxanka togan ee lagu dallacay, tamarta korontada ee proton-ku waxay gaartaa heerkeeda ugu sarreeya. Marka uu gaaro meel u dhow saxanka taban ee lagu dallacay, tamarta korontada ee proton-ku waxay gaartaa heerkeeda ugu hooseeya. Sidaa darteed, marka laga guurayo saxanka togan ee lagu dallacay una guurayo saxanka taban ee lagu dallacay, tamarta korontada ee proton-ku way yaraanaysaa.
3. Laba dallac ayaa loo habeeyey sida ku cad jaantuska hoose. Dallaca A waa +9 μC dallaca B-na waa -4 μC. Joogtada Coulomb (k) = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2, 1 μC = 10-6 C. Immisa ayay tamarta korantada ee awoodda korantada ee dallacaadda B isbeddeshaa haddii ay u wareegto dallacaadda A?
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Dalac A (q)1) = +9 μC = +9 x 10-6 C
Dalac B (q)1) = -4 μC = -4 x 10-6 C
Joogtada ah ee Coulomb (k) = 9 x 109 Nm2C-2
Masaafada u dhaxaysa khidmadaha A iyo B (r) = 10 cm = 0,1 mitir = 10-1 meter
La weydiiyay: Isbeddelka tamarta korontada ee awoodda korantada ee dallacaadda B haddii ay u wareegto dallacaadda A
Jawaab:
Dareeraha B wuxuu u dhaqaaqaa dallacaadda A si tamartiisa korantada ay hoos ugu dhacdo 2,4 Joules.
Tani waxay la mid tahay shay ballaaran oo hoos ugu socda dhulka si dhererkiisa iyo tamartiisa cufisjiidadka ay u yaraato.
4. Walax leh dallac ah \( q = 5 \jeer 10^{-6} \) C waxaa la dhigayaa goob koronto oo leh awood ah \( V = 300 \) V. Waa maxay tamarta awoodda korantada ee walaxda?
Dood:
Tamarta awoodda korantada waxaa bixiya:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = 5 \jeer 10^{-6} \jeer 300 \]
\[ U = 1.5 \ jeer 10^{-3} \] J
5. Elektaroon waxaa la dhigaa goob koronto oo leh awood 500 V ah. Waa maxay tamarta awoodda korantada ee elektaroonka?
Dood:
Dareeraha elektarooniga \( q = -1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = -1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \jeer 500 \]
\[ U = -8 \jeer 10^{-17} \] J
6. Proton-ku wuxuu ka guuraa awoodda 100 V ilaa 200 V. Waa maxay isbeddelka ku yimid tamartiisa suurtagalka ah?
Dood:
Dakhli borotoon \( q = 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \) C.
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \jeer (200 - 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.6 \jeer 10^{-17} \] J
7. Laba shay oo leh dallacaad \( q_1 = 2 \jeer 10^{-6} \) C iyo \( q_2 = -3 \jeer 10^{-6} \) C waxaa la dhigayaa goob koronto oo leh awood \( V = 400 \) V. Waa maxay tamarta guud ee suurtagalka ah ee labada shay?
Dood:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \times V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \times V \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = (2 \jeer 10^{-6} + (-3 \jeer 10^{-6})) \jeer 400 \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = -4 \jeer 10^{-3} \] J
8. Aayon leh dallac \( q = 4e \) (halkaas oo \( e \) uu yahay dallac aasaasiga ah) uu ku jiro goob koronto oo leh karti \( V = 250 \) V. Waa maxay tamarta awoodda korantada ee aayon?
Dood:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ U = 4 \jeer 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \jeer 250 \]
\[ U = 1.6 \ jeer 10^{-16} \] J
9. Waa la ogyahay in walax leh dallac ah \( q = -7 \jeer 10^{-5} \) C ay leedahay tamar suurtagal ah oo ah \( 2 \jeer 10^{-2} \) J. Waa maxay awoodda goobta korantada ee ay walaxdu ku taal?
Dood:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{2 \jeer 10^{-2}}{-7 \jeer 10^{-5}} \]
\[ V = -285.71 \] V
10. Laba shay oo leh dallacaad \( q_1 = 5e \) iyo \( q_2 = -2e \) waxay ku jiraan goob koronto oo leh awood \( V = 300 \) V. Waa maxay tamarta guud ee suurtagalka ah ee labada shay?
Dood:
\[ U_1 = q_1 \times V \]
\[ U_2 = q_2 \times V \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = U_1 + U_2 \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = (5 \jeer 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19} – 2 \jeer 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19}) \jeer 300 \]
\[ U_{wadarta} = 1.44 \jeer 10^{-16} \] J
11. Aayoon leh dallac \( q = -3e \) wuxuu leeyahay tamar suurtagal ah oo ah \( -9.6 \jeer 10^{-19} \) J. Waa maxay awoodda goobta korantada ee ay ku taal aayoon?
Dood:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ V = \frac{U}{q} \]
\[ V = \frac{-9.6 \jeer 10^{-19}}{-3 \jeer 1.6 \jeer 10^{-19}} \]
\[ V = 200 \] V
12. Waa la ogyahay in tamarta awoodda korantada ee dallacaadda \( q \) ee ku jirta goob koronto oo leh awood \( V = 450 \) V waa \( 9 \jeer 10^{-18} \) J. Waa maxay dallacaadda \( q \)?
Dood:
\[ U = q \times V \]
\[ q = \frac{U}{V} \]
\[ q = \frac{9 \times 10^{-18}}{450} \]
\[ q = 2 \jeer 10^{-20} \] C
13. Dalac togan \( q = 1.5 \jeer 10^{-19} \) C waxaa laga raray meel leh awood \( V_1 = 100 \) V una raray \( V_2 = 500 \) V. Waa maxay isbeddelka tamarta suurtagalka ah?
Dood:
\[ \Delta U = q \times \Delta V \]
\[ \Delta U = 1.5 \jeer 10^{-19} \jeer (500 - 100) \]
\[ \Delta U = 6 \jeer 10^{-17} \] J
