8 Tusaalooyin oo ku saabsan Su'aalaha Cilladda Indhaha
1. Waddada iftiinka ee muujinaysa sameynta sawir iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayadda isha ee qof qaba cudurka myopia ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka...
Dood
Aragti-beelka dhow, ama myopia, waa cillad indhaha ah oo ka hortagta in isha ay si cad u aragto walxaha fog. Meesha fog waa masaafada ugu fog ee isha caadiga ahi si cad u arki karto. Qofka caadiga ah ee indhaha caadiga ah leh wuxuu leeyahay meel fog oo aan dhammaad lahayn.
Sababta aragtida fog waa nidaam muraayadda cornea-lens oo qaloocan (qaybta toosan ee kubbadda isha ayaa aad u dheer) si dhererka diiradda ee nidaamka cornea-lens-ka loo yareeyo, taasoo keenta in fallaaraha iftiinka ee meelaha fogfog laga soo saaro diiradda la saaro horteeda retina. Fallaaraha iftiinka aan dhammaadka lahayn laguma saaro retina si unugyada neerfaha ee retina aysan u beddeli karin hirarka iftiinka calaamado koronto oo loo gudbiyo maskaxda.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.
2. Ani waxay leedahay hyperopia (cilad indhaha ah). Cilladan indhaha waxaa sababa...
A. Meesha fog ee isha ayaa u soo dhawaanaysa isha
B. Meesha fog ee isha ayaa ka leexata isha
C. Barta u dhow isha ayaa u soo dhawaanaysa isha.
D. barta u dhow isha ayaa ka leexata isha
Dood
Aragti fog , ama hyperopia, waa cillad indhaha ah oo isha ku dhacda oo ishu aysan si cad u arki karin meelaha u dhow ama meesha u dhow ay u muuqato mid aan caddayn. Meesha u dhow waa masaafada ugu dhow ee isha caadiga ahi si cad u arki karto. Qofka caadiga ah ee indhaha caadiga ah leh wuxuu leeyahay meel u dhow 25 cm. Dadka aragtida fog leh waxay si cad u arki karaan meelaha fog, sidaa darteed waxaa la dhihi karaa hyperopia , meesha u dhow ayaa laga fogeeyaa isha.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
3. Fiiri sawirka!
Noocyadee cilladaha indhaha iyo muraayadaha indhaha ah ayaa ka caawin kara dadka qaba muraayadahan?
A. Aragti fog iyo muraayad qaloocan
B. Muraayadaha indhaha dhow iyo muraayadaha qaloocan
C. Muraayadaha indhaha dhow iyo muraayadaha qaloocan
D. Muraayadaha aragga dhow iyo muraayadaha wareegsan
Dood
Cilladaha isha ee sawirka kore ku yaal waa aragti fog ama miyir-beel, sesida jaantuska waddada raajada loogu muujiyay sawirka dhinaca.
Aragti-beelku waa cillad indhaha ah oo ku dhacda isha oo walxaha fog ay u muuqdaan kuwo aan caddayn. Meesha fog waa masaafada ugu fog ee isha caadiga ahi si cad u arki karto. Qofka caadiga ah ee indhaha caadiga ah leh wuxuu leeyahay meel fog oo aan dhammaad lahayn.
Sababta aragtida fog waa nidaam muraayadda cornea-lens oo qaloocan (qaybta toosan ee kubbadda isha ayaa aad u dheer) si dhererka diiradda ee nidaamka cornea-lens-ka loo yareeyo, taasoo keenta in fallaaraha iftiinka ee meelaha fogfog laga soo qaado ay diiradda saaraan horteeda retina. Fallaaraha iftiinka laguma saaro retina si unugyada neerfaha ee retina aysan u beddeli karin jihada iftiinka. 
Mowjadaha iftiinka ah waxay noqdaan calaamado koronto oo loo gudbiyo maskaxda.
Falaadhaha iftiinka waxaa si sax ah loogu eegi karaa retina marka muraayad qaloocan la dhigo horteeda isha. Muraayad kala duwan ayaa ka caawisa faafinta falaadhaha iftiinka si ay si sax ah ugu eegaan retina.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa B.
4. Samaynta sawirka saxda ah ee cilladaha indhaha ee myopic waxaa lagu arki karaa sawirka...
Dood
Aragti dhow ama aragti yar (Myopia) waa cillad indhaha ah oo ku dhacda isha taasoo ishu aysan si cad u arki karin walxaha meel fog jooga.
Sababta aragtida fog waa nidaam muraayadda cornea-lens oo qaloocan (qaybta toosan ee kubbadda isha ayaa aad u dheer) si dhererka diiradda ee nidaamka cornea-lens-ka loo yareeyo, taasoo keenta in fallaaraha iftiinka ee meelaha fogfog laga soo saaro diiradda la saaro horteeda retina. Fallaaraha iftiinka aan dhammaadka lahayn laguma saaro retina si unugyada neerfaha ee retina aysan u beddeli karin hirarka iftiinka calaamado koronto oo loo gudbiyo maskaxda.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.
5. Haddii qof uu leeyahay cillad indhaha ah oo ku dhow 50 cm, oo uu rabo inuu wax ku akhriyo masaafada akhriska caadiga ah (25 cm), qofku waa inuu isticmaalaa muraayado leh awood muraayad ah….
A. ½ diopter
B. ¾ diopters
C. 1 ½ diopters
D. 2 diopters
Dood
Qofku waa qof aragti fog leh sababtoo ah meesha u dhow isha waa 50 cm. Meesha u dhow isha caadiga ah waa 25 cm. Aragti fog waxaa lagu saxaa muraayadaha isku laaban. Muraayadaha isku laaban waxay leeyihiin dherer togan oo diiradda saaraya. In kasta oo muraayadaha ay dhab ahaantii u jiraan masaafo gaar ah isha, haddana xisaabtan waa la iska indho tiray.
Waa la ogyahay in:
Qofka qaba cilladda isha oo u dhow barta isha = masaafada sawirka (yada) = -50 cm
Sawirku waa inuu hor yaallaa muraayadda qaloocan si loo arko. Maadaama sawirku hor yaalo muraayadda qaloocan, sawirku waa mid casri ah wuxuuna leeyahay calaamad taban.
Masaafada akhriska caadiga ah = masaafada shayga (yada) = 25 cm
La weydiiyay: Xoogga muraayadaha indhaha ee muraayadda indhaha
Jawaab:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/50 = 2/50 – 1/50
1/f = 1/50
f = 50 cm
f = 0,5 mitir = 5/10 mitir = 1/2 mitir
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan sababtoo ah fallaaraha iftiinka waxay ka gudbaan barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan.
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan (P) ee muraayadaha:
P = 1 /f = 1: f
P = 1: 1/2
P = 1 x 2/1
P = 2/1
P = 2 diopters
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadaha waa 2 diopters.
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadaha waa mid togan sababtoo ah dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
6. Qofka qaba hyperopia wuxuu buug ka akhrin karaa masaafad dhan 125 cm. Si uu wax u akhriyo masaafad caadi ah oo ah 25 cm, qofku waa inuu xidhaa muraayado leh awood muraayad ah….
A. 3 1/5 diopters
B. 2 ½ diopters
C. 1 3/5 diopters
D. 1 ¼ diopters
Dood
Qofku waa qof aragti fog leh sababtoo ah meesha u dhow isha waa 125 cm. Meesha u dhow isha caadiga ah waa 25 cm. Aragtida fog waxaa lagu saxaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo muraayado qaloocan.
Waa la ogyahay in:
Qofka qaba cilladda isha oo u dhow barta isha = masaafada sawirka (yada) = -125 cm
Sawirku waa inuu hor yaallaa muraayadda qaloocan si loo arko. Maadaama sawirku hor yaalo muraayadda qaloocan, sawirku waa mid casri ah wuxuuna leeyahay calaamad taban.
Masaafada akhriska caadiga ah = masaafada shayga (yada) = 25 cm
La weydiiyay: Xoogga muraayadaha indhaha ee muraayadda indhaha
Jawaab:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/25 – 1/125
1/f = 5/125 – 1/125
1/f = 4/125
f = 125/4
f = 31,25 cm
f = 0,3125 mitir
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan (P) ee muraayadaha:
P = 1 /f
P = 1/0,3125
P = 3,2 diopters
P = (3)(2/10) diopters
P = (3)(1/5) diopters
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadaha waa 3,2 diopters = 3 1/5 diopters.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa A.
7. Qofku si cad ayuu wax u akhrin karaa masaafad dhan 50 cm. Si uu si cad wax ugu akhriyo masaafad dhan 30 cm, awoodda muraayadaha indhaha ee loo baahan yahay waa….
A. 1/3 diopter
B. 2/3 diopters
C. ¾ diopters
D. 4/3 diopters
Dood
Waa la ogyahay in:
Qofka qaba cilladda isha oo u dhow barta isha = masaafada sawirka (yada) = -50 cm
Sawirku waa inuu hor yaallaa muraayadda qaloocan si loo arko. Maadaama sawirku hor yaalo muraayadda qaloocan, sawirku waa mid casri ah wuxuuna leeyahay calaamad taban.
Masaafada akhriska = masaafada shayga (yada) = 30 cm
La weydiiyay: Xoogga muraayadaha indhaha ee muraayadda indhaha
Jawaab:
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (f):
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/f = 1/30 – 1/50 = 5/150 – 3/150
1/f = 2/150
f = 150/2
f = 75 cm
f = 0,75 mitir = 75/100 mitir = 3/4 mitir
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan (P) ee muraayadaha:
P = 1 /f = 1: f
P = 1: 3/4
P = 1 x 4/3
P = 4/3 diopters
Awoodda muraayadda qaloocan ee muraayadaha waa 4/3 diopters.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa D.
8. Fiiri sawirka soo socda ee ku saabsan sameynta hooska isha!
Cilladda isha iyo muraayadaha indhaha ee loo isticmaalo in lagu hubiyo in sawirku sax yahay oo ku yaal retina waa….
Dood
Cilladaha indhaha: aragti dhow (myopia )
Falaadhaha iftiinka waxaa si sax ah loogu eegi karaa retina haddii muraayad qaloocan ama mid kala leexanaysa la dhigo indhaha hortiisa. Muraayadda kala leexanaysa waxay ka caawisaa faafinta falaadhaha iftiinka si ay si sax ah ugu eegaan retina.
Jawaabta saxda ah waa C.
Isha su'aasha:
Su'aalaha Imtixaanka Qaranka ee Sayniska ee Dugsiga Sare ee Hoose/Dugsiga Sare ee Islaamiga ah
