Si aad u fahamto sawirka shay ay samaysay muraayad isku laaban, baar su'aasha iyo doodda tusaalaha soo socda. Su'aashan, waxaa loo malaynayaa in shaygu uu ku jiro masaafo cayiman oo u jirta muraayadda isku laaban, ka dibna waxaa la sharraxayaa sameynta sawirka. sawirka shay oo leh muraayad qaloocan, masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayadda qaloocan iyo weynaynta sawirka muraayad qaloocan
Muraayad qaloocan (muraayad isku soo ururta) waxay leedahay dherer diiradda saaraya oo ah 20 cm. Shay 10 cm dhererkiisu yahay ayaa ku yaal bidixda muraayadda. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weyneynta sawirka, iyo dhererka sawirka haddii:
a) masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan ay ka yar tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s < f),
b) masaafada shayga laga bilaabo muraayadda qaloocan waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s = f),
c) masaafada shayga u jirta muraayadda qaloocan ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s > f).
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Dhererka diiradda (f) ee muraayadda qaloocan = 20 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid togan sababtoo ah barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid dhab ah ama waxaa dhex mara iftiin.
Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm
Jawab :
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka yar dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s > f)
Ka soo qaad masaafada shaygu yahay 5 cm, 10 cm iyo 15 cm.
a) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) = 5 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/5 = 1/20 – 4/20 = -3/20
s' = -20/3 = -6,7 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 6,7 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga ee 5 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-6,7)/5 = 6,7/5 = 1,3
Weyneynta sawirka waxay ka weyn tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la weyneeyay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (1,3)(10 cm) = 13 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 10 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/10 = 1/20 – 2/20 = -1/20
s' = -20/1 = -20 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 20 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga ee 10 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-20)/10 = 20/10 = 2
Weyneynta sawirka waxay ka weyn tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la weyneeyay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (2)(10 cm) = 20 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
c) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 15 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/15 = 3/60 – 4/60 = -1/60
s' = -60/1 = -60 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 60 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga ee 15 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-60)/15 = 60/15 = 4
Weyneynta sawirka waxay ka weyn tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la weyneeyay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (4)(10 cm) = 40 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
Masaafada shayga waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s = f)
Hoosku wuxuu ku jiraa masaafo aan dhammaad lahayn.
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s > f)
Ka soo qaad masaafada shaygu yahay 30 cm, 40 cm iyo 50 cm.
a) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) = 30 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/30 = 3/60 – 2/60 = 1/60
s' = 60/1 = 60 cm
Masaafada sawirka togan macnaheedu waa sawir dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 60 cm ayaa ka weyn masaafada shayga ee 30 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -60/30 = -2
Weyneynta sawirka waxay ka weyn tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la weyneeyay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka weyn yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (-2)(10 cm) = -20 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa taban, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku rogmanayo.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 40 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/40 = 2/40 – 1/40 = 1/40
s' = 40/1 = 40 cm
Masaafada sawirka togan macnaheedu waa sawir dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada hooska ee 40 cm waxay la mid tahay masaafada shayga ee 40 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -40/40 = -1
Weyneynta sawirka waxay la mid tahay 1, taasoo la micno ah cabbirka sawirka wuxuu la mid yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (-1)(10 cm) = -10 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa taban, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku rogmanayo.
b) Haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 50 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/20 – 1/50 = 5/100 – 2/100 = 3/100
s' = 100/3 = 33,3 cm
Masaafada sawirka togan macnaheedu waa sawir dhab ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uu dhex maro sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 33,3 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 50 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -33,3/40 = -0,8
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in cabbirka sawirku ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (-0,8)(10 cm) = -8 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa taban, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku rogmanayo.
