Si aad u fahamto sawirka shay ay samaysay muraayad qaloocan, baar su'aasha iyo doodda tusaalaha soo socda. Su'aashan, waxaa loo malaynayaa in shaygu uu ku jiro masaafo cayiman muraayad qaloocan, ka dibna sameynta sawirka shayga iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad qaloocan , masaafada sawirka laga bilaabo muraayad qaloocan iyo weynaynta sawirka iyadoo la adeegsanayo muraayad qaloocan .
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (muraayadda kala leexata) waa 20 cm. Shay 10 cm dhererkiisu yahay ayaa ku yaal bidixda muraayadda. Go'aami masaafada sawirka, weyneynta sawirka, iyo dhererka sawirka haddii:
a) masaafada walaxdu ay ka yar tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan,
b) masaafada shaygu waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan
c) masaafada walaxda ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan,
Dood
Waa la garanayaa :
Dhererka diiradda (f) ee muraayadda qaloocan = -20 cm
Dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa taban sababtoo ah barta diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan waa mid dalwad ah ama aan la marin iftiinka iftiinka.
Dhererka shayga (h) = 10 cm
Jawab :
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka yar dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s > f)
Ka soo qaad masaafada shaygu yahay 5 cm, 10 cm iyo 15 cm.
a) Dhererka diiradda -20 cm iyo haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 5 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/5 = -1/20 – 4/20 = -5/20
s' = -20/5 = -4 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 4 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 5 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-4)/5 = 4/5 = 0,8
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,8)(10 cm) = 8 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
b) Dhererka diiradda -20 cm iyo haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 10 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/10 = -1/20 – 2/20 = -3/20
s' = -20/3 = -6,7 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 6,7 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 10 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-6,7)/10 = 6,7/10 = 0,67
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,67)(10 cm) = 6,7 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
c) Dhererka diiradda -20 cm iyo haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 15 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/15 = -3/60 – 4/60 = -7/60
s' = -60/7 = -8,6 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 8,7 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 15 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-8,6)/10 = 8,6/10 = 0,86
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,86)(10 cm) = 8,6 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
Masaafada shayga waxay la mid tahay dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s = f)
Dhererka diiradda (f) = masaafada shayga (yada) = 20 cm.
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/20 = -2/20 = -2/20
s' = -20/2 = -10 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwaddeed, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku uusan dhex marin hooska.
Masaafada sawirka ee 10 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 20 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-10)/20 = 10/20 = 0,5
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,5)(10 cm) = 5 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
Masaafada shayga ayaa ka weyn dhererka diiradda ee muraayadda qaloocan (s > f)
Ka soo qaad masaafada u dhaxaysa walxaha inay tahay 30 cm iyo 40.
a) Dhererka diiradda -20 cm iyo haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 30 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/30 = -3/60 – 2/60 = -5/60
s' = -60/5 = -12 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 12 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 30 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-12)/30 = 12/30 = 0,4
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,4)(10 cm) = 4 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
b) Dhererka diiradda -20 cm iyo haddii masaafada shayga (yada) ay tahay 40 cm
Masaafada sawirka (yada)
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/20 – 1/40 = -2/40 – 1/40 = -3/40
s' = -40/3 = -13 cm
Masaafada sawirka taban macnaheedu waa sawir dalwad ah, halkaas oo iftiinka iftiinku aanu dhex marin sawirka.
Masaafada sawirka ee 13 cm waa ka yar tahay masaafada shayga ee 40 cm.
Weyneynta Sawirka (M)
M = -s'/s = -(-13)/40 = 13/40 = 0,3
Weyneynta sawirka waa wax ka yar 1, taasoo la micno ah in sawirka la dhimay ama cabbirka sawirka uu ka yar yahay cabbirka shayga.
Dhererka hooska (h')
Qaacidada weynaynta hooska:
M = h'/saacaddii
h' = M h = (0,3)(10 cm) = 3 cm
Dhererka hoosku waa mid togan, taasoo la micno ah in hoosku toosan yahay.
