Njodzi dzezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu
Sezvo nyika iri kuramba ichibatana, muganhu uripo pakati penzvimbo dzinogara vanhu nemhuka dzesango uri kuderera. Kudyidzana uku kunoburitsa pachena dambudziko guru rehutano hwevanhu: kutapurirana kwezvirwere kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu, zvinozivikanwa nesainzi se zoonoses. Kunzwisisa njodzi dzine chekuita nezvirwere zve zoonotic kwakakosha pakudzivirira hutano hwepasi rose, kuona kuti chikafu chakachengeteka, uye kugadzirira denda rinogona kuitika.
Pfupiso yeMapundu eZoonoses
Zvirwere zveZoonoses zvinomiririra zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa zvinotapuriranwa kubva kumhuka dzisiri dzevanhu kuenda kuvanhu. Utachiona uhu hunogona kuva hwebhakitiriya, hwemavhairasi, hwezvipembenene, kana hunosanganisira zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvakaita semaprions. Zvinogona kupararira kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira kubata zvakananga, kudya chikafu kana mvura yakasviba, kufema maaerosols ane hutachiona, kana kuburikidza nezvipembenene zvakaita seumhutu nezvikwekwe.
Nhoroondo dzekupararira kwezvirwere zvakaita sebubonic plague, Spanish flu, uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, Ebola virus, zvese zvinoratidza mukana wekuuraya zvirwere zvevana. Zvinopfuura 60% zvezvirwere zvinotapukira zviri kubuda pasi rose ndezvevana, zvichiita kuti zvirwere izvi zvive chinhu chinonyanya kukosheswa nemasangano ehutano epasi rose.
Nzira dzekutumira
Nzira dzinoshandiswa nezvirwere zvemhuka kusvika kuvanhu dzakasiyana-siyana:
1. Kutaurirana zvakananga:
Kubata zvakananga mvura dzemuviri (mate, ropa, weti, nezvimwewo) dzemhuka ine hutachiona kunogona kukonzera kutapurirana. Mabasa anosanganisira kudyidzana kwemhuka, akadai sekurima, basa rekurapa mhuka, uye kutsvakurudza mhuka dzesango, ane njodzi huru.
2. Kutapurirana kweChikafu:
Kudya zvigadzirwa zvemhuka zvisina kubikwa zvakanaka kana kuti zvine utachiona kunogona kubatsira pakupararira kwezvirwere zvemhuka. Salmonella, E. coli, uye Listeria zvirwere zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezvirwere zvinobva muchikafu, kunyanya kubva kuhuku, nyama yemombe, uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka.
3. Kutapurirana Kwema "Vector-Born":
Zvirwere zvakaita seumhutu, zvikwekwe, nenhata zvinogona kutapurirana utachiona hwemhuka nenzira isina kunanga. Zvirwere zvakaita semarariya, chirwere cheLyme, nedengue fever zvinoratidza basa guru rinoitwa nezvipembenene mukutapurirana kwezvirwere.
4. Kutapurirana Kwezvakatipoteredza:
Nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, dzakadai sevhu, mvura, nenzvimbo dzekugara kwemhuka, dzinogona kuva nezvirwere. Vanhu vanogona kubatwa nezvirwere kuburikidza nemabasa akadai sekurima, kushambira mumvura yakasviba, kana kusangana nematambudziko echisikigo.
Zvirwere Zvikuru zveZoonotic
Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu:
1. Chimbwamupengo:
Chirwere cheRabies, chinonyanya kutapuriranwa nekurumwa nemhuka ine chirwere ichi, chinouraya kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa. Kubaiwa nhomba mushure mekubatwa nechirwere ichi kwakakosha kudzivirira kufambira mberi kwehutachiona.
2. Furuwenza (semuenzaniso, H1N1, H5N1):
Mavhairasi eAvian neSwine Furuwenza anogona kutyisidzira denda kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemuviri uye kupatsanurwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Mavhairasi aya anogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka mhenyu, nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kuburikidza nemhuka dzinoyamwisa dziri pakati nepakati.
3. HIV/AIDS:
Kubva kuhutachiona hwesimian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) mumhuka dzisiri dzevanhu, HIV yakawana hunhu hwemhuka dzisati dzava denda rinokanganisa vanhu, zvichiratidza mhedzisiro yenguva refu yekupararira kwezvirwere zvemhuka.
4. Mavhairasi eEbola neMarburg:
Mafivha aya anobuda ropa anobva muzviremwaremwa uye anowanzo pfuudzwa kuvanhu kuburikidza nemhuka dziri pakati nepakati dzakadai semhuka dzerudzi rweprimates. Huwandu hwadzo hwerufu uye kutapurirana kwadzo kubva kuvanhu zvichienda kuvanhu zvinogona kukonzera njodzi huru.
5. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):
Ichizivikanwa se "chirwere chemombe chinopenga," kutapurirana kweBSE kuvanhu kunogona kukonzera chirwere cheCreutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD), chirwere chinouraya chetsinga. Nyaya dzevanhu dzinowanzo batanidzwa nekudya nyama yemombe ine utachiona.
Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Njodzi
Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvirwere zvemhuka:
1. Kuchinja Kwezvakatipoteredza:
Kutemwa kwemasango, kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, uye kuwanda kwemaguta zvinoita kuti vanhu vave pedyo nemhuka dzesango, zvichiwedzera mikana yekuti zvirwere zvipararire.
2. Maitiro Ekurima:
Kurima kwakasimba, kugadzira zvipfuyo, uye kutengeserana kwemhuka pasi rose kunoita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinobatsira kutapurirana kwezvirwere uye kushanduka-shanduka. Kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukurima kunokurudzirawo kukura kwemarudzi ebhakitiriya anodzivirira utachiona.
3. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ekunze:
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisa huwandu hwezvipembenene nemwaka yezvirwere. Semuenzaniso, kudziya kwekunze kwakawedzera huwandu hweumhutu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, nokudaro zvichiparadzira zvirwere zvakaita semarariya nedengue kunzvimbo dzisina kumbobatwa.
4. Kufamba Kwevanhu:
Kufamba kwenyika dzakasiyana-siyana nekutengeserana kunoita kuti pave nekupararira kwezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka zvichikwira nekukwira kwemiganhu, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwezvirwere munzvimbo iyi kuve matambudziko ehutano pasi rose.
Mitigation Strategies
Kugadzirisa njodzi dzezvirwere zvevana kunoda nzira dzakasiyana-siyana:
1. Kutarisa nekutarisa:
Masisitimu ekuongorora anoshanda anobatsira kuona nekukasika kwezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka. Zvirongwa zvakaita seGlobal Early Warning System (GLEWS) zvinoongorora mafambiro ezvirwere uye zvinokurudzira mhinduro nenguva.
2. Kubaiwa Nhomba uye Kurapwa:
Kubaya mhuka majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka uye kugadzira mishonga inoshanda yekurapa hutachiona hwevanhu matanho akakosha. Kubaya imbwa majekiseni ekurwisa chimbwamupengo kwakaderedza zvakanyanya nyaya dzechimbwamupengo kuvanhu.
3. Kuzivisa Veruzhinji Nedzidzo:
Kudzidzisa nharaunda, kunyanya avo vari mumabasa ane njodzi huru, nezvekudzivirira nekudzivirira kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka.
4. Kudzora Kutengeserana Kwemhuka Nemabasa Ekurima:
Kuisa mitemo yakasimba pamusoro pekuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, kutengeserana kwemhuka, uye kurima kunobatsira kuderedza njodzi yekutapurirana kwezvirwere kubva kumhuka.
5. Nzira Imwe Chete Yehutano:
Kubatanidza mabasa ehutano hwevanhu, mhuka, uye zvakatipoteredza, nzira yeOne Health inosimbisa kushanda pamwe chete pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka.
Kugadzirira Kutyisidzira Kwemhuka Munguva Yemberi
Kugadzirira njodzi dzezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka mune ramangwana kunoreva kuvandudza mamodheru ekufanotaura, kuisa mari mukutsvagisa pazvirwere zvinotapukira, uye kusimbisa zvivakwa zvehutano. Kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese, kunotungamirwa nemasangano akadai seWHO, FAO, neOIE, kunokurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwepasi rose uye kunoita kuti pave nekupindura pamwe chete kumatambudziko ezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kumhuka.
mhedziso
Njodzi dzezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu dzinosimbisa hukama hwakaoma huripo pakati pehutano hwevanhu, hutano hwemhuka, uye nharaunda. Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera uye nharaunda dzepasi rose dzichichinja, kuramba takangwarira zvirwere zvemhuka kuchiri kukosha. Nekushandisa nzira dzakakwana dzinosanganisira kutarisa, dzidzo, mitemo, uye kushandira pamwe, tinogona kuderedza njodzi idzi uye kuchengetedza hutano hweveruzhinji pasi rose.
