Kutakurwa muzvirimwa: Nzira Yakakosha Muhupenyu hwezvirimwa
Zvirimwa, sezvinhu zvipenyu zvinozvigadzira zvoga, zvine kugona kwekugadzira chikafu chazvo kuburikidza ne photosynthesis. Zvisinei, kuti zvitsigire photosynthesis nemamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri, zvirimwa zvinofanirwa kutakura mvura, zvinovaka muviri, uye zvinogadzirwa ne photosynthesis mumuviri wazvo. Maitiro aya anozivikanwa sekutakura muzvirimwa uye anosanganisira hurongwa hwakaoma uye hwakarongeka.
1. Nhanganyaya yeKutakurwa muMiti
Kutakurwa kwemiti kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: kutakurwa kwemvura nezvicherwa kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha, uye kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvinogadzira photosynthesis kubva pamashizha kuenda kuzvikamu zvese zvemuti. Maitiro ese ari maviri akakosha kuti chirimwa chirarame uye kukura zvakanaka.
2. Maumbirwo emiti anotsigira kutakurwa
Kuti tinzwisise kutakurwa kwemiti, tinofanira kunzwisisa maumbirwo emiti anotsigira maitiro aya:
– Midzi: Maumbirwo emidzi yemiti akakosha pakunwisa mvura nemaminerari kubva muvhu. Midzi ine vhudzi remidzi rinowedzera nzvimbo yekunwisa.
– Xylem: Xylem itemhu inoshanda kutakura mvura nemaminerari kubva pamidzi kuenda kuzvikamu zvese zvemuti, kunyanya mashizha. Xylem ine matracheids nema vascular bundles anoshanda semigero.
– Phloem: Phloem itemhu inotakura mhedzisiro yephotosynthesis, kureva sucrose, kubva pamashizha kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzechirimwa kusanganisira midzi uye uko chirimwa chinochengetera chikafu.
3. Kutakurwa Kwemvura Nezvicherwa
Kutakurwa kwemvura nezvicherwa kubva muvhu kuenda kumashizha kwakakosha sezvo mvura ichidikanwa pakugadzira photosynthesis uye zvicherwa zvinotsigira maitiro akasiyana-siyana emuviri.
3.1. Kunyudzwa kweMvura neMaminerari
Kunyudzwa kwemvura nemineral kunotanga mumidzi. Vhudzi remidzi rinonyudzwa mvura nemineral kubva muvhu kuburikidza nenzira mbiri huru: kutakura kusingapindi uye kushingaira.
– Kutakura Kusingachinji: Kunosanganisira kupararira uye osmosis. Mvura inotama kubva pakuwanda zvakanyanya muvhu kuenda pakuwanda kwakaderera mumidzi kuburikidza ne osmosis.
– Kutakura Kunoshanda: Zvicherwa zvinotorwa kuburikidza nekutakura kunoshanda izvo zvinoda simba reATP kuti zvifambise maion achipesana nehukuru hwehuwandu.
3.2. Nzira dzeApoplast neSymplast
– Apoplast Pathway: Mvura nemaminerari zvinofamba nemunzvimbo dziri pakati pemasero zvisingapindi mumasero kusvika zvasvika ku endodermis.
– Nzira yeSymplast: Mvura nemaminerari zvinofamba nemu cytoplasm yemasero kubva kune rimwe sero kuenda kune rimwe kuburikidza ne plasmodesmata.
3.3. Kunyudzwa uye Kutakurwa Kuburikidza neXylem
Mushure mekusvika ku xylem, mvura nemaminerari zvinotakurwa kuenda kumashizha nenzira mbiri huru:
– Kumanikidzwa kwemidzi: Husiku kana kana mweya wakaderera, kumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwemaion mumidzi kunosundira mvura kumusoro, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisinganyanyi kubatsira pakufambiswa kwemvura mumiti yakakwirira.
– Kudhonza Kwemvura Nekubatana: Nzira huru iyo mvura inobva mumashizha (kudhonza) inogadzira kudhonza kunodhonza mvura kumusoro kuburikidza nekoramu ye xylem.
4. Kutakurwa kweZvigadzirwa zvePhotosynthesis (Kutamiswa)
Mushure mekuita photosynthesis, shuga inogadzirwa inofanira kuparadzirwa kubva kunobva (mashizha) kuenda kudhishi (zvikamu zvemuti zvinoida). Izvi zvinozivikanwa se translocation, uye zvinoitika mu phloem.
4.1. Zviri Mukati mePhloem
Maitiro aya anotanga nekuiswa kwephloem, uko shuga (kunyanya sucrose) inotakurwa kuenda mumachubhu ephloem sieve. Izvi zvinowanzoda kutakurwa kwakasimba kuti sucrose iendeswe muphloem ichipesana nekuwanda kwayo.
4.2. Kuyerera kweDhivhiri
Mukati memvura, shuga inonyungudutswa mumvura inokonzera kuwedzera kwesimba re osmotic pedyo nekwainobva. Izvi zvinokonzera kuyerera kwehuwandu kubva painobva mvura kuenda kusinki, uko shuga inotakurwa kubva mu dhaka uye inoshandiswa kana kuchengetwa.
4.3. Kubvisa Phloem
Padhishi, sucrose inotakurwa kubva muphloem. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kuburikidza nekupararira kana huwandu hwesucrose hwakakwira muphloem kupfuura mudhishi, kana kuburikidza nekufambisa kana zvichidikanwa.
5. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kutakurwa Mumiti
Pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ekufambisa zvinhu mumiti:
– Kuwanikwa kwemvura: Kushaikwa kwemvura kunokanganisa kumanikidzwa kwemvura, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kutakurwa kwemvura nemineral.
– Tembiricha: Tembiricha yakakwira inogona kuwedzera kufefetera uye kukanganisa kuyerera kwe xylem ne phloem.
– Chiedza: Kupenya kwechiedza kunokanganisa mwero we photosynthesis uye kuvhura stomata, nokudaro kuchikanganisa kubuda kwemhepo nekuchinja kwenzvimbo.
– Zvipembenene nezvirwere: Kukuvadzwa kwe xylem kana phloem nehutachiona kana zvipembenene kunogona kukanganisa kutakurwa.
Mhedziso
Kutakura muzvirimwa inzira yakaoma uye yakarongeka inotsigira kukura kwezvirimwa, kukura, uye kugona kugadzira photosynthesize. Nekunzwisisa nzira idzi dzekutakura, tinogona kushandisa ruzivo urwu mukurima kuti tivandudze kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandiswa kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri uye kugadzira mhando dzezvirimwa dzinotsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ezvakatipoteredza. Mumamiriro ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nezvimwe zvinonetsa zvakatipoteredza, kunzwisisa kwakazara kwekutakura zvirimwa kwakakosha kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chekurima chinogara kwenguva refu uye chine goho.
