Sisitimu yekugadzirisa mavara paterevhizheni dze LED
Materevhizheni e LED (Light Emitting Diode) ave ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira madhiraivha mudzimba nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nekuti anopa mifananidzo yakajeka, matete, haashandise simba zvakanyanya, uye anodhura zvishoma. Kunyangwe achiwanzonzi "maTV e LED," mazhinji emidziyo iyi maTV e LCD anoshandisa mwenje ye LED. Hunhu hwemufananidzo hwatinoona—kunyanya kururama kwemavara, mazinga ekusiyana, uye kukwira kwemavara—hahuna kungoonekwa nepaneru yekuratidzwa chete, asiwo nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa mavara hunoshanda kuseri kwezviitiko. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kuti ruvara paTV ye LED runogadziriswa sei kubva panobva masaini kuti pakupedzisira ruonekwe semufananidzo wakapfuma, wechisikigo.
1. Kubva paChiratidzo cheVhidhiyo kuenda kuRuvara Runoonekwa
Chaizvoizvo, terevhizheni inogamuchira chiratidzo chemufananidzo muchimiro chedhijitari kana cheanalog (semuenzaniso, HDMI, nhepfenyuro dzedhijitari, kana midhiya yekutepfenyura). Chiratidzo ichi chine ruzivo rwekupenya (kupenya) uye chrominance (ruvara), kazhinji mumafomati akaita seYCbCr kana RGB. Chisati charatidzwa pachiratidziro, data iri rinofanira kugadziriswa neprosesa yemufananidzo (video processor). Prosesa iyi ine basa rezvinhu zvakawanda: kuderedza ruzha, kuwedzera kupinza, kuwedzera mafambiro, uye chinonyanya kukosha mumamiriro ezvinhu aya - kushandurwa kwemavara uye kumepu kuti zvienderane nehunhu hwepaneru.
Mumavhidhiyo akawanda, ruzivo rwemavara runonyorwa ne subsampling, senge 4:2:0, kuti zvishande zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ruvara runodzvanywa kupfuura kupenya. TV inozogadzira chroma upsampling kuti "idzorere" resolution yeruvara, ichidzivirira kuratidzwa kuti kusaonekwe kwakafanana nemavara madiki kana mitsetse mitete ine mavara.
2. LCD Panel, LED Backlight, uye Basa reMafirita eRuvara
MaTV e LED anowanzo shandisa maLCD (Liquid Crystal Display). MaLCD panels haaburitse chiedza pachawo, asi anotonga kuti chiedza chinobva ku LED backlight chinobvumira kuti chipinde. Chiedza chinobva ku backlight iyi chinowanzova chichena (chena LED) kana musanganiswa chaiwo we spectrum. Chiedza chinozopfuura nemu RGB (tsvuku, girini, uye bhuruu) color filter pane imwe neimwe subpixel. Kubatanidzwa kwesimba rema subpixels matatu aya kunoita kuti pave nemamiriyoni emavara.
Hunhu hweruvara hunonyanya kukanganiswa ne:
– LED backlight spectrum: Kana spectrum "yakachena" zvikuru, ruvara rwakawanda (gamut) runogona kuwanikwa.
– Hunhu hwesefa yemavara: Sefa yakanaka inokwanisa kugadzira tsvuku, girini, uye bhuruu yakachena.
- Kushanda kwepaneru: Kunosanganisira kugona kuvharira chiedza kune mavara matema uye kugadzikana kwekona yekuona.
MumaTV epakati nepamusoro, vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa matekinoroji akadai seQuantum Dot (QLED) kuwedzera kuchena kwechiedza kuitira kuti mavara awedzere kunaka uye huwandu hwema gamut huve hwakakura.
3. Nzvimbo yemavara neGamut
Sisitimu yekugadzirisa mavara yeTV inofanira kugadzirisa chiratidziro kuti chienderane nechiyero chemavara chaiwo. Zvimwe zviyero zvakajairika ndeizvi:
– sRGB / Rec.709: Yakajairika panhepfenyuro dzeTV dzeHD uye muhuwandu hweSDR (Standard Dynamic Range).
– DCI-P3: Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzviri mumafirimu uye mune zvimwe zviri muHDR.
– Rec.2020: Chinangwa cheUHD/HDR ine gamut yakakura, kunyange hazvo asiri maTV ese anokwanisa kuzviita zvizere.
Kana zviri mukati zvikapinda muRec.709, TV inoisa mavara kuti aonekwe zvakanaka papaneru. Zvisinei, kana zviri mukati zviri HDR ine chinangwa chakakura chegamut, TV inofanira kuita color gamut mapping kuti igadzirise ruzivo rwemavara kuti ruenderane nehunyanzvi hwepaneru. Kana iyi mephu isiriyo chaiyo, mavara anogona kutaridzika kunge akawandisa kana kutosukwa.
4. Kudzika Kwezvimedu uye Kukura Kwemavara
Mavara edhijitari anomiririrwa nenhamba. Kana kudzika kwebhiti kwakakwira, kukwira kwebhiti kunowedzera kunyorova. MaTV emazuva ano anowanzo tsigira zvinotevera:
– 8-bit (inenge mamiriyoni 16,7 emavara) eSDR,
– 10-bit (misiyano yemavara inopfuura bhiriyoni imwe) yeHDR,
- Kune zvakare "8-bit + FRC" (Frame Rate Control) panel inotevedzera 10-bit ne temporal dithering.
Sisitimu yekugadzirisa mavara inoshandawo kuderedza kupatsanurwa kwemavara, mitsetse inooneka mudenga kana mimvuri yakapfava. Zvinhu zvakaita sekutsvedza uye kutsvedza kwemavara zvinogona kubatsira kugadzira shanduko dzakapfava dzemavara.
5. Kuyera Kwakachena, Kupisa Kwemavara, uye Gamma
Kururama kwemavara hakusi kungori kwetsvuku-girini-bhuruu chete, asiwo kwe "chena" chaiyo. Machena akanyanya kusvibira anoita kuti mufananidzo uratidzike seunotonhorera, nepo machena akanyanya kusvibira anoita kuti udziye. MaTV anowanzo kupa nzira dzekupisa kwemavara dzakadai sekuti "Kutonhorera," "Zvakajairika," uye "Kudziya." Kazhinji, pakuona mafirimu nezvimwe zvirimo nemazvo, chinangwa chakajairika iD65 (inenge 6500K).
Pamusoro pezvo, kune parameter inokosha inonzi gamma (yeSDR) kana transfer curve, yakaita sePQ (ST.2084) uye HLG (yeHDR). Gamma inodzora maratidzirwo anoitwa ma midtones. Kana gamma yakakwira zvakanyanya, mufananidzo unoita sewakasviba uye wakasiyana zvakanyanya; kana wakaderera zvakanyanya, mufananidzo unoita sewasukwa.
Sisitimu yekugadzirisa mavara ichabatanidza magadzirirwo ewhite balance, gamma, uye color management kuitira kuti mhedzisiro yekupedzisira ienderane nezvinodiwa nevashandisi kana zvavanoda.
6. Sisitimu Yekutarisira Ruvara (CMS)
MaTV mazhinji emazuva ano anopa CMS, inova sisitimu yekugadzirisa maparamita emavara zvakadzama, kazhinji inosanganisira:
– Hue (ruvara),
- Kuguta,
– Kupenya (kupenya kwemavara).
CMS inobvumira kugadziriswa kwemavara ekutanga (RGB) neapachipiri (CMY) zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Mukugadziriswa kwehunyanzvi, mainjiniya vanoshandisa colorimeter kana spectroradiometer kuyera kubuda kwepaneru, vozogadzirisa CMS newhite balance kuti vaone kukanganisa kwemavara kwakaderera (Delta E).
7. Kugadzirisa HDR uye Kugadzira Mamepu eTone
HDR (High Dynamic Range) inowedzera kupenya uye ruvara, zvichiita kuti ruzivo rwechiedza nerima ruonekwe zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, haasi maTV ese ane kugona kwakafanana kwekupenya kwepamusoro. Saka, maTV anoita mapoinzi ekuratidza toni: kugadzira mapoinzi echiratidzo cheHDR, pamwe chakagadzirirwa ma nit 1000–4000 (kana kupfuura), kuti aenderane nekugona kwepaneru, senge ma nit 500–1000.
Kugadzira mapoinzi emavara kwakabatana zvakanyanya neruvara, nekuti muHDR, kuwanda kwemavara kunowanzo chinja sezvo kupenya kuchiwedzera. Ndosaka masisitimu ekugadzirisa mavara eHDR achifanira kuchengetedza mavara anoratidzika seechisikigo munzvimbo dzakajeka, zvichidzivirira kuti asasukwe kana "kupiswa."
Mafomati akajairika eHDR anosanganisira:
– HDR10 (metadata isingachinji),
- HDR10+ uye Dolby Vision (dynamic metadata),
– HLG (inowanzoshandiswa pakuparadzira).
Metadata inochinja-chinja inobvumira TV kugadzirisa mapikicha ezwi pachiitiko chimwe nechimwe kana pafuremu imwe neimwe kuitira kuti mavara neruzivo zvichengetedzwe zviri nani.
8. Kudzikira Kwenzvimbo Uye Mhedzisiro Yayo Paruvara
MaTV e LED ane kudzima kwechiedza chemuno (kunyanya Full Array Local Dimming/FALD) anogona kudzima nzvimbo dzakati dzechiedza chemuno kuti awedzere kusiyanisa. Zvisinei, iyi sisitimu inokanganisawo maonero eruvara. Kana nzira yekudzima kwechiedza chemuno yakanyanya kusimba, ruvara munzvimbo dzine rima runogona kurasika kana kuti kubuda kweruvara kunogona kuitika (chiedza "chichidonhedza" zvinhu zvinopenya). Saka, kugadzirisa mavara nekudzora kudzima kwechiedza chemuno kunofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti mavara arambe akapfuma mumumvuri pasina kukanganisa kusiyanisa.
9. Mufananidzo uye "Kunaka" kweRuvara
MaTV mazhinji anopa nzira dzakadai seVivid, Standard, Cinema, kana Filmmaker Mode. Vivid mode inowanzo wedzera kuwanda, kusiyana, uye kupinza kuti iite kuti ifadze munzvimbo dzekutengesa dzine chiedza chakajeka, asi kazhinji inorasikirwa nekururama kwemavara. Cinema kana Filmmaker Mode inowanzova pedyo nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira mafirimu uye inopa mavara echisikigo.
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe maTV ane zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se "Live Color," "Color Enhancer," kana "Dynamic Contrast," izvo zvinogadzirisa mavara nenzira inochinjika. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira kune zvimwe zviri mukati, asi kune vashandisi vanotarisa pakururama, kazhinji zvakanaka kusazvishandisa.
10. Kesimpulan
Sisitimu yekugadzirisa mavara muterevhizheni ye LED inzira yakaoma yekushandura data revhidhiyo kuita chiratidziro chemavara chinonyaradza, chakarurama, uye chinokwezva. Kubva pakushandurwa kwefomati yemavara, gamut mapping, white balance settings, gamma, CMS, kusvika pakugadzirisa HDR uye toni mapping—zvese zvine basa mukuona kunaka kwekuona. Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inopesvedzerwawo nekugona kwemuviri kwemuchina: backlight spectrum, color filter quality, panel bit depth, uye local dimming algorithm.
Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita kugadzira mavara kunobatsira vashandisi kusarudza modhi yemufananidzo yakakodzera, kugadzira marongero ane ruzivo rwakakwana, kana kutogadzirisa kuti vawane mavara ari pedyo nekutarisa. Nenzira iyi, maTV e LED haangoratidzi mifananidzo "yakajeka", asiwo mavara anopenya, akaenzana anoenderana nechinangwa chemugadziri wezviri mukati.
