Maitiro Ekugadzira Terevhizheni Ine Screen Yakakura
Materevhizheni makuru—anotangira pamasendimita makumi mashanu nemashanu, masendimita makumi matanhatu nemashanu, masendimita makumi manomwe nemashanu, uye kunyange anopfuura masendimita makumi masere nemashanu—ava sarudzo yakakurumbira nekuti anopa ruzivo rwekuona rwakadzama. Zvisinei, seri kwechidzitiro chakatetepa nemufananidzo wakapinza, kune nzira refu, chaiyo yekugadzira inosanganisira tekinoroji yepamusoro yezvinhu. Kugadzira terevhizheni hombe hakusi kungobatanidza zvikamu; kunosanganisira matanho akatevedzana, kubva pakugadzira panel yechidzitiro uye kuisa electronic circuit kusvika pakugadziriswa kwemavara uye kuyedzwa kwakasimba kwemhando. Heino kutsanangurwa kwakazara kwemaitiro ekugadzira terevhizheni hombe.
1. Kuronga uye Kugadzira Zvigadzirwa
Danho rekutanga rinotanga nekuronga magadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa. Vagadziri ndivo vanosarudza rudzi rwetekinoroji yekuratidzira ichashandiswa—semuenzaniso, LED-LCD, QLED (quantum dot LCD), OLED, kana Mini LED. Sarudzo iyi inokanganisa zvikuru chimiro chemapaneru, zvinodiwa nemwenje wekumashure, kushandiswa kwesimba, uye kunyange ukobvu hweterevhizheni.
Munguva yekugadzira, timu yeinjiniya inogadzira dhizaini yemakanika (ukobvu hwemuviri, furemu yekutsigira, nzvimbo dzekuisa, nzvimbo yechiteshi), dhizaini yemagetsi (mainboard, simba remagetsi, panel yedhiraivha), uye dhizaini yesoftware (operating system, application support, firmware). Kune materevhizheni makuru, simba refuremu uye kugadzikana kwepaneru zvakakosha, sezvo saizi yakafara inowedzera njodzi yekukombama kwepaneru kana kusangana nekumanikidzwa kusina kuenzana.
2. Kugadzira Panera reZviratidziro
Chiratidziro ndicho "moyo" weterevhizheni, pamwe chete nechinhu chinodhura uye chakaoma zvikuru kugadzira. Maitiro acho anosiyana zvichienderana netekinoroji:
a) Panera reLCD (TV ye LED/QLED/Mini LED)
MaLCD haaburitse chiedza chawo ega. Anoda mwenje wekumashure. Mapaneru eLCD anogadzirwa munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa ne semiconductor (makamuri akachena) nekuti kunyangwe guruva diki rinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zve pixel.
Maitiro makuru anosanganisira:
– Kugadzira magirazi: girazi guru (girazi guru) rinogadzirwa kuita mapaneru akasiyana-siyana.
– Kuumbwa kwetransistor yakatetepa (TFT): jira rakatetepa rezvinhu zve semiconductor rinoiswa mugirazi kuti rigadzire matrix inotonga pixel.
– Kushandiswa kwechikamu chegirazi chemvura: girazi remvura rinoiswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvegirazi zvine ukobvu hwakanyatsonaka.
– Kuisa sefa yemavara (RGB): mafirita matsvuku, egirini, uye ebhuruu anogadzirwa kuti abudise ruvara.
- Kuiswa kwePolarizer: jira iri rinobatsira kudzora divi rechiedza kuitira kuti LCD ikwanise "kudzora" simba repikisi yega yega.
QLED inowedzera quantum dot layer kuti iwedzere ruvara rwayo. Mini LED inoshandisa ma LED madiki akawanda, zvichiita kuti chiedza chionekwe zvakanaka.
b) Panera reOLED
Kusiyana nemaLCD, maOLED anoburitsa chiedza chawo ega. Pixel yega yega inogona kuvhura nekudzima yega, zvichikonzera matema akadzika kwazvo. Maitiro ekugadzira maOLED anosanganisira kuisa zvinhu zve organic zvakanaka, zvinoitwawo mukamuri rakachena. Mapaneru eOLED anowanzo kuve akaomarara uye anonzwisisika, kunyanya kana akakura, achida kudzora mhando zvakanyanya.
3. Kugadzira nekuisa Backlight (yeLCD)
Kune maTV eLCD ane sikirini hombe, module yemwenje yekumashure chinhu chakakosha. Kune mhando dzakasiyana siyana:
– Yakavhenekerwa nemucheto: Ma LED ari pamucheto, uye chiedza chinopfuudzwa nepakati peplate yemwenje. Dhizaini iyi inobvumira muviri mutete, asi kudzora kwenzvimbo kwakaganhurirwa.
– Yakavhenekerwa zvakananga / Yakazara: Ma LED akapararira kuseri kwepaneru. Nekupenya kwenzvimbo yakazara (FALD) kana Mini LED, nzvimbo dzekudzora chiedza dzakakura zvikuru, zvichiwedzera kusiyana.
Chiedza chekumashure chinoumbwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zve optical:
- Diffuser kuti chiedza chienzane,
– Pepa rePrism rinotungamira chiedza mberi,
- Reflector yekuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwereflection.
Nekuda kwehukuru hwechidzitiro chikuru, dambudziko guru nderekuchengetedza kufanana kwechiedza: hapafanirwe kunge paine nzvimbo dzakareruka, dzakasviba, kana "kufinha".
4. Kuunganidzwa kweMamodule ePanel uye Mafuremu eMechanical
Kana mapaneru agadzirwa, danho rinotevera nderekuungana kwemechanical. Mapaneru acho akaiswa pafuremu (chassis), iyo inofanira kunge yakasimba asi yakareruka. Pamaterevhizheni makuru, furemu yacho inowanzo shandisa musanganiswa wesimbi yakatetepa nepurasitiki yekugadzira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti yakasimba uye inodzivirira kukotama.
Padanho rino:
- kuiswa kwezvikamu zvekudzivirira,
- kuiswa kwebezel (furemu) kana dhizaini ichiri kushandisa furemu,
- kusungirirwa kwemukati mebhureki yekutsigira uye mapoinzi eVESA (kusungirirwa pamadziro).
Mapaneru makuru ekuratidza anogona kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye kumonyoroka. Saka, kubata kunoda kushandiswa kwevacuum cleaners, magirovhosi akakosha, uye nzvimbo dzebasa dzinodzivirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
5. Kugadzira Magedhi: Mainboard, T-Con, uye Power Supply
Materevhizheni emazuva ano akafanana nemakombiyuta ane sikirini hombe. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira:
– Mainboard: nzvimbo yekugadzirisa masaini, inoshandisa sisitimu yeTV, inotarisira HDMI input, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, tuner, uye video decoding.
– T-Con (Timing Controller): inotonga nguva yechiratidzo kupaneru kuitira kuti pixel yega yega iratidze data nemazvo.
– Chigadziko chemagetsi (PSU): chinoshandura magetsi eAC kuita DC yakagadzikana yezvikamu zvakasiyana zveTV.
- Mamodule eaudio nespeaker: anosanganisira ma amplifiers nema speaker drivers.
- Zvinobatanidza uye maports: HDMI, USB, LAN, antenna, optical audio, nezvimwewo.
Kubatanidza kunoitwa uchishandisa nzira dzeESD (electrostatic discharge) kudzivirira kukuvara kwezvinhu zvinonzwa. Tambo dzinochinjika (FPC/FFC) dzinoiswa nokungwarira nekuti zvinobatanidza mapaneru hazvina kusimba.
6. Kuisa Firmware uye Operating System
Kana hardware yaiswa, TV inoda firmware uye operating system kuti ishande. Vagadziri vanoisa:
- firmware yemapaneru nevanodzora,
- sisitimu yekushandisa (semuenzaniso mamwe mapuratifomu eTV akangwara),
- maapplication akavakirwa mukati, marongero emunharaunda, mutauro,
- gadziriro yekutanga yekudzora mhando.
Padanho iri, bvunzo dzebasa rekutanga dzinoitwawo: TV inofanira kukwanisa kuvhura, kuratidza mifananidzo, kuburitsa ruzha, kuverenga remote, uye kuziva zvinopinda.
7. Kugadzirisa Mifananidzo uye Magadzirirwo Emavara
Kugadzirisa terevhizheni idanho rakakosha, kunyanya kumaterevhizheni epamusoro-soro. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuyera zvishandiso zvakaita se colorimeter kana spectrometer kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti:
- kuyera kwakachena,
- kurongeka kwemavara (gamut yemavara uye kukanganisa kwedelta),
- gamma uye musiyano,
- kufanana kwekupenya,
- kugadziriswa kwechiedza chekumashure chemuno (paFALD/Mini LED),
- kutarisa zvikanganiso zvemapikiseli.
Pamaterevhizheni makuru, kufanana kwakafanana idambudziko guru nekuti nzvimbo yakakura inoita kuti kusakwana kuonekwe zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, vamwe vagadziri vanogadzirisa payuniti imwe neimwe kana pabatch yega yega yekugadzira zvichienderana nezvinodiwa.
8. Kuedzwa Kwemhando Yepamusoro uye Kuvimbika (Kudzora Hunhu)
Materevhizheni asati aiswa mumapaketi, anoongororwa zvakasiyana-siyana:
– Kuedza kupisa mukati: TV inobatidzwa kwenguva yakati kuti ione kugadzikana kwepaneru nezvinhu zvemagetsi.
- Kuyedzwa kwekupisa nehunyoro: kunoita kuti TV irambe ichishanda mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekunze.
– Kuedzwa kwePort nekubatanidza: HDMI, USB, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, eARC, uye tuner.
- Bvunzo yeruzha: tarisa maspika, kukanganisa, kuenderana kwemanzwi nemavhidhiyo.
– Kuongororwa kwemuviri: kusimba kwefuremu, mabhatani, mapoinzi, uye kutarisa kana paine zvikanganiso pakunaka.
Materevhizheni asingapfuure achapinda munzira yekugadzirisa (kugadzirisa) kana kurambwa zvichienderana nemitemo yekambani.
9. Kuunganidza uye Kurongedza Zvishongedzo
Zvishandiso zvakaita seremote control, mabhatiri, tambo yemagetsi, stand, screws, uye bhuku rekushandisa zvinopihwa. Kune maTV makuru, kurongedza kwacho kwakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kuvhunduka. Mashandisirwo akajairika anosanganisira:
- furo rinodzivirira,
– kadhibhodhi gobvu rakarukwa,
- chidziviriro chechidzitiro,
- chiratidzo che "kumusoro-pasi" chekudzivirira kuti isapinzwe pasi panguva yekutumira.
Nekuti mapaneru makuru ari panjodzi yekutsemuka nekuda kwekumanikidzwa, maitiro ekufambisa nekuchengetedza anotevedzerawo mamwe maitiro, kusanganisira miganhu yekurongedza uye nzvimbo dzekuisa.
10. Kugoverwa uye Kuongorora Kwekupedzisira Mumusika
Mushure mekubuda mufekitori, maTV anotumirwa kunzvimbo dzekugovera zvinhu nezvitoro. Vamwe vagadziri kana vagovanisi vanoita mamwe maongororo, kunyanya emhando yepamusoro. Panguva ino, maTV anenge agadzirira kuti vatengi vagamuchire uye vaise mudzimba dzavo.
Penutup
Maitiro ekugadzira materevhizheni makuru anosanganisa tekinoroji yezvinhu, kugadzira nemazvo, zvemagetsi, uye software. Kubva pakugadzira mapaneru ekamuri rakachena uye backlight kana OLED module assembly kusvika pakuunganidza furemu nedunhu, kuburikidza nekuyera mavara uye kuyedza kugara kwenguva refu, danho rega rega rinoitwa kusvika padanho repamusoro-soro. Kana skrini yakakura, dambudziko rekuchengetedza panel yakati sandara, chiedza chakaenzana, uye kushanda kwemifananidzo nguva dzose. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti maTV makuru anoda maitiro ekugadzira akaomarara uye mitengo yakakwira - zvinoenderana neruzivo rwekuona rwavanopa.
