Maitiro Ekugadzira Terevhizheni Nepaneru yeVA
Materevhizheni emazuva ano haasisiri "mabhokisi emifananidzo" chete, asi zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa zvinosanganisa sainzi yezvinhu, magetsi akajeka, optics, uye kudzora mhando kwakasimba. Rumwe rudzi rwepaneru runoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaTV eLED/LCD nhasi ipaneru yeVA (Vertical Alignment). Mapaneru eVA anozivikanwa nekuenzanisa kwavo kwakanyanya, kugona kuratidza matema akadzika kupfuura mamwe matekinoroji eLCD, uye kushanda kwakanaka pakuona mafirimu mumakamuri asina chiedza. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvemaitiro ekugadzira terevhizheni ine paneru yeVA kubva pakutanga kusvika kumagumo, kubva pakugadzira kusvika pakuyedzwa kwekupedzisira chigadzirwa chisati chaiswa mupakeji nekutumirwa.
1. Kuronga Zvigadzirwa uye Magadzirirwo
Danho rekutanga rekugadzira TV rinotanga nekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa uye kusarudzwa kwezvinoenderana nacho. Mugadziri ndiye anosarudza saizi yechiso (semuenzaniso, 43, 55, kana 65 inches), resolution (Full HD/4K/8K), rudzi rwemwenje wekumashure (Direct LED kana Edge LED), refresh rate, HDR support, body design, uye smart TV features. Munguva iyi, VA panel inosarudzwawo zvichienderana nemusika wavanoda: MaTV akagadzirirwa zviitiko zvemufirimu anowanzo batsirwa nekusiyana kukuru kwemapaneru eVA.
Chikwata chemainjiniya chinoisawo zvinangwa zvekupenya, gamut yemavara, kufanana kwechiedza, uye miganhu yekushivirira kwemapikiseli asina kunaka. Izvi zvinangwa zvichashanda sezviyero zvemaitiro ekugadzira uye kudzora mhando.
2. Kugadzirwa kweGirazi Substrate uye TFT Structure
Kunyangwe maTV achiwanzonzi "maTV eLED," mazhinji emaTV eVA-panel maLCD anoshandisa maLED senzvimbo yawo yekuvhenekesa kumashure. Pakati pechidzitiro cheLCD pane zvidimbu zviviri zvegirazi: kumberi nekumashure, chimwe chazvo chakabatanidzwa ne network ye thin-film transistors (TFTs). MaTFT aya anodzora sub-pixel yega yega saka inovhura nekuvharika zvichienderana nechiratidzo chemufananidzo.
Maitiro ekugadzira TFT anoitika munzvimbo dzakagadzirwa semiconductor uye anosanganisira matanho akakosha akati wandei:
1. Kuisa firimu rakatetepa: Zvinhu zvakaita sesilicon isina chimiro, maoxide, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoiswa pamusoro pegirazi.
2. Photolithography: Nzira uye mapatani e transistor anogadzirwa achishandisa mamasiki uye chiedza, zvakafanana nekugadzira machipisi asi pagirazi guru.
3. Kucheka nekuchenesa: Mamwe machira anobviswa zvichienderana nepatani, obva acheneswa kudzivirira kusvibiswa.
4. Kuumbwa kwemaerekitirodhi: Nzira dzinofambisa magetsi nemaerekitirodhi epixel zvinogadzirwa kuti zviendese magetsi kumasero eLCD.
Mugumisiro wedanho iri i "TFT glass" chaiyo, nekuti zvikanganiso zve microscopic zvinogona kukonzera mavanga akafa kana kusarongeka kwemufananidzo.
3. Chimiro cheVA Alignment chakajairika
Imwe yemisiyano iri pakati pemapaneru eVA nemapaneru eIPS/TN ndeyekuti mamorekuru emvura anogadzirwa sei kana pasina magetsi. MuVA, mamorekuru anowanzoenderana nepamusoro pegirazi, zvichiita kuti chiedza chirambe "chakachengetedzwa" zviri nani uye chigadzire matema ari nani. Kuti zvibudirire padanho iri, pamusoro pegirazi panobatwa ne alignment layer uye kurapwa kwakakosha.
Kazhinji, maitiro acho anosanganisira:
– Rutivi rutete kwazvo rwezvinhu zvekunamira (zvinowanzova zve polymer).
- Maitiro e "kukwesha" kana nzira yekufananidza imwe nzira yekugadzirisa divi repamusoro kuitira kuti mamorekuru emvura ekristaro atevere divi raanoda.
– Mune mamwe maVA akasiyana (semuenzaniso MVA/PVA), maumbirwo enzvimbo anoshandiswa kuvandudza maangle ekuona nekukamura mafambiro emamorekuru mumativi akasiyana-siyana.
Danho iri rakakosha zvikuru nekuti rinokanganisa kusiyana, kufanana, uye kuchinja kwemavara kana richionekwa kubva padivi.
4. Kugadzira Sefa yeRuvara
Chikamu chinotevera ifirita yemavara inosarudza zvikamu zveruvara rutsvuku, rwegirini, nebhuruu (RGB) zvepikisi yega yega. Firita yemavara inogadzirwawo uchishandisa nzira yekudzokorora photolithography kudhinda mapatani emavara eRGB anoenderana neTFT uye ma electrodes epixel.
Pamusoro peRGB filter, kune matrix nhema, patani nhema inoderedza kubuda kwechiedza munzvimbo dzisina basa, zvichiita kuti pave nekusiyana. Pamapaneru eVA, kudzora kubuda kwechiedza kwakakosha kuti pave ne "deep black".
5. Kurongeka kweLCD Cell uye Kuzadzwa kweLiquid Crystal
Kana girazi reTFT negirazi remafirita emavara zvagadzirwa, zvinosanganiswa kuti zvigadzire "LCD cell." Izvi zvinosanganisira:
– Zvikamu zvepakati (micro beads kana pillars) kuchengetedza mipata iri pakati peyunifomu yegirazi.
– Chisimbiso (chinamira chakakosha) pamucheto wepaneru kuti chivhare nzvimbo yesero.
Mushure mekuiswa kwelamination nekuvhara, panel inozadzwa ne liquid crystal kuburikidza nemaburi ekuzadza uchishandisa nzira ye vacuum kubvisa mabubble emhepo. Maburi acho anozovharwa. Kufanana kwekuzadza kwakakosha pamhando: ma microbubbles kana tsvina zvinogona kuoneka semavanga pachiratidziro.
6. Kuwedzerwa kwePolarizer neOptical Components
MaLCD anoda mapolarizer kumberi nekumashure kuti adzore polarization yechiedza. Mapolarizer anoiswa nemazvo lamination kudzivirira mabubbles kana makwinya. MaTV emazuva ano anowanzo kuve nemamwe mafirimu e optical, akadai se:
- Firimu rekugadzirisa kuderedza kuchinja kwemavara/kusiyana pamakona ekuona.
– Madhiragi nema prism sheets (kunyanya emwenje yekumashure) kuti abudise uye atungamirire chiedza.
Pamapaneru eVA, mafirimu ekugadzirisa anotamba basa guru nekuti mapaneru eVA ane makona ekuona akamanikana kupfuura mapaneru eIPS. Nefirimu rakakodzera, vagadziri vanogona kunatsiridza kugadzikana kwemavara uye kuderedza kusukwa kwemavara kana vakatarisa kubva padivi.
7. Kugadzira nekubatanidza Chigadziko cheBacklight Unit (BLU)
Sezvo maLCD asingaburitse chiedza chawo ega, chikamu cheBacklight Unit (BLU) chinodiwa. Kune mafomu maviri akafanana:
– Ma LED akananga: Ma LED ari kuseri kwepaneru, kazhinji anopa kufanana kuri nani uye akakodzera kudzima kwenzvimbo.
– Edge LED: LED iri pamucheto, chiedza chinopfuudzwa nepakati pe light guide plate; muviri weTV unogona kutetepa.
BLU ine LED, heat sink kana cooling plate, reflector, diffuser, uye prism sheet. BLU assembly inofanira kuchengetedza chiedza chakafanana uye kudzora kupisa. Kupisa kusina kudzorwa kunogona kupfupisa hupenyu hwe LED kana kukonzera kuchinja kwemavara.
8. Kuunganidza Mamodule ePanel kuita Terevhizheni Yakazara
Kana ma module eLCD neBLU agadzirwa, anosanganiswa kuita module imwe chete yekuratidzwa. Zvadaro, maitiro ese ekugadzira TV anotanga, anosanganisira:
– Mainboard (mufananidzo wekugadzirisa, system yekushandisa yeTV yakangwara, kubatana kweHDMI, Wi-Fi, nezvimwewo).
- Bhodhi reT-Con (Timing Controller) iro rinotonga kuenderana kwemasaini nepaneru.
- Simba remagetsi uye redhiraivha remagetsi ekumashure.
– Sipika, kesi, bezel, uye bracket yekumisikidza.
Kubatanidza pane panel kunowanzo shandisa tambo dzinochinjika (FPC/FFC) uye zvinobatanidza zvakanyatsonaka. Kubatanidza kwega kwega kunofanirwa kunge kwakachengeteka asi kwete kudzvanya panel, sezvo kumanikidzwa kwemagetsi kunogona kukonzera "mura" (kusaenzana) kana kubuda kwechiedza pamipendero.
9. Kugadzirisa Mifananidzo uye Kugadzirisa Firmware
TV isati yagadzirira kutengeswa, mugadziri anoita calibration uye programming ye firmware. Danho iri rinogona kusanganisira:
- Kuyera kwakachena uye kurongeka kwegamma.
- Kugadziriswa kwekufanana (pane mamwe mamodheru kune muripo wepamusoro wefekitori).
- Magadzirirwo eprofayiro yemufananidzo akajairika (Standard, Movie, Vivid) uye zvinhu zvakaita sekudzima kwenzvimbo kana kunyorovesa mafambiro.
PamaTV eVA panel, kuyera kwakagadzirirwawo kuwedzera kusiyanisa pasina kukonzera "kurasikirwa nerima" kana kubatanidzwa.
10. Kudzora Hunhu: Kuedzwa kwePixel, Kufanana, uye Kugara kwenguva refu
Kudzora kunaka kwemaTV ane maVA panels kunowanzo kuve kwakaoma, sezvo maLCD panels achigona kubatwa nezvikanganiso zvidiki. Miedzo yakajairika inosanganisira:
- Edza mapikiseli akafa uye mapikiseli akanamatira uchishandisa pateni yemavara akasimba.
- Kuyedzwa kwekubuda kwechiedza uye kufanana kwemwenje wekumashure, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwe "dirty screen effect".
- Edza musiyano uye mwero mutema muimba ine rima kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti VA inoshanda sezvaitarisirwa.
- Edza kubatana (HDMI, odhiyo, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth) uye kuenderana kwefomati.
- Bvunzo yekupisa/yekukwegura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvikamu zvacho zvakagadzikana mushure mekunge zvashanda kwenguva yakati.
- Kuedzwa kwemakanika: kudedera, kuramba kwekubatanidza, uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuisa.
Mapaneru asingapfuure mwero achagadziriswa kana zvichibvira kana kupatsanurwa semayuniti ekuraswa.
11. Kurongedza uye Kugovera
Danho rekupedzisira rinosanganisira kuchenesa panel, kuisa firimu rekudzivirira, uye wozoiputira nefuro rinobvisa kuvhunduka. TV inoongororwazve kwenguva pfupi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana kukuvara kwakaitika panguva yekurongedza. Chigadzirwa chinobva chapinda mudura uye chinoendeswa kumusika.
Penutup
Maitiro ekugadzira terevhizheni ine VA panel inzira yakareba inoda kunyatsorongeka uye kudzorwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvakanakira zveVA panels—kunyanya kusiyana kwakanyanya uye matema akadzika—zvinobva mukugadzirwa kwemasero eLCD uye kurongeka kwemamorekuru emvura ekristaro, zvichiwedzerwa ne backlight system, optical film, uye factory calibration. Mugumisiro wekupedzisira iTV yakakodzera kuona mafirimu, kunyanya mumakamuri asina chiedza chakajeka, chero bedzi vashandisi vachinzwisisa kuti VA displays inowanzoda tekinoroji yakawedzerwa kuti iwedzere angle yekuona. Nekusanganiswa kwakagadzirwa zvakanaka kweinjiniya yezvinhu, optics, uye electronics, VA panels inoramba iri sarudzo yakakurumbira muindasitiri yeterevhizheni yemazuva ano.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kuwedzera chikamu chipfupi chekuenzanisa VA vs IPS vs OLED, kana kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane netsika yedzidzo/yakakurumbira uye ndigopedzisa nebhuku remabhuku.
