Kukosha kwekuchengetedza data
Munguva yemazuva ano yedhijitari, data rave chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuvanhu nemasangano. Mifananidzo yemhuri, magwaro ebasa, zvinyorwa zvemari, dhatabhesi dzevatengi, uye kunyange mishumo yebhizinesi—zvose zvinochengetwa mudhijitari. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vanongoziva kukosha kwedata kana paine dambudziko: laptop yakarasika, foni yakaputsika, hard drive isingaverengeki kamwe kamwe, kana faira rakakosha richidzimwa netsaona. Nokudaro, kuchengetedza data hakusisiri sarudzo yekusarudza, asi chinhu chikuru chinodiwa kuchengetedza ruzivo kubva kunjodzi dzakasiyana-siyana.
Chii chinonzi Data Backup?
Kuchengetedza data inzira yekugadzira kopi yedata woichengeta kune imwe nzvimbo kuitira kuti idzorerwe kana data rekutanga rarasika, rakakuvara, kana risingawanikwe. Kopi iyi inogona kuchengetwa pamudziyo chaiwo wakaita sedhiraivha rekunze, flash drive, NAS (Network Attached Storage), kana midhiya yakavakirwa painternet yakaita secloud storage. Chaizvoizvo, kuchengetedza data kunoshanda se "safety net" kana chimwe chinhu chisingatarisirwi chikaitika kumudziyo wekutanga.
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti kuchengetedza data kunodiwa chete kumakambani makuru. Zvisinei, chero ani zvake anochengeta data rakakosha—vadzidzi vane zvirevo zvavo, vashandi vari kure vane mafaira epurojekiti, varidzi vemabhizinesi madiki vane ruzivo rwekutengeserana—anoda kuchengetedza data nguva nenguva uye kwakakodzera.
Njodzi Dzinowanzoitika Dzekurasikirwa Nedata
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekurasikirwa nedata, uye zvizhinji zvacho zvinoitika pasina yambiro. Heano mamwe ematambudziko anowanzoitika:
1. Kukundikana kwemidziyo yemagetsi
Madhiraivha akaomarara kana maSSD ane hupenyu hwese. Kukuvara kunogona kuitika nekuda kwezera, kupisa zvakanyanya, zvikanganiso zvekugadzira, kana kuvhunduka kwemuviri. Kunyangwe zvishandiso zvinoita sezviri kushanda zvakanaka zvinogona kungoerekana zvakundikana, zvichiita kuti data risawanikwe.
2. Kukanganisa kwevanhu
Kudzima mafaira akakosha, kugadzira dhiraivha isiriyo, kana kunyora pamusoro pegwaro rakakodzera rine vhezheni yekare mienzaniso yezvikanganiso zvakajairika. Pasina ma backups, kunyangwe chikanganiso chidiki chinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru.
3. Kurwiswa kweMalware neRansomware
Ransomware inogona kuvanza mafaira, zvichiita kuti asavhurike, uye yozoda rudzikinuro. Pasina backup, vanhu vanobatwa nemhosva vanowanzomanikidzwa kusarudza pakati pekurasikirwa nedata ravo kana kubhadhara vanoriita—izvo zvisingavimbise kuti data ravo richadzoserwa.
4. Kuba kana kurasikirwa nemudziyo
Laptop kana nharembozha yakarasika haisi kurasikirwa nezvinhu chete, asi inogonawo kureva kurasikirwa neruzivo rwakakosha kana pasina kopi yekuchengetedza.
5. Njodzi dzechisikigo nezviitiko zvisingatarisirwi
Moto, mafashamo, kana magetsi mapfupi zvinogona kukanganisa midziyo yekuchengetera zvinhu. Kana ma backup ari panzvimbo imwe chete, njodzi inoramba yakakura. Saka, nzira yekuchengetedza zvinhu inofanira kufunga nezvenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetera zvinhu.
Mhedzisiro Yekurasikirwa Nedata
Kurasikirwa nedata hakuonekwe nguva dzose, asi kukanganisa kwacho kunogona kugara kwenguva refu uye kunodhura. Kune vanhu, kurasikirwa nemifananidzo yavo, mavhidhiyo, uye magwaro kunogona kutungamira kuzvidemba izvo zvakaoma kutsiva. Kune vadzidzi, mabasa akarasika uye mafaira ekutsvagisa zvinogona kukanganisa kupedza kudzidza.
Mubhizinesi, kukanganisa uku kunogona kutonyanya kuipa: mapurojekiti anomiswa, mabasa anokanganiswa, vatengi vanoodzwa mwoyo, kurasikirwa nemari kunowedzera, uye mukurumbira wekambani unoderera. Kurasika kwedata revatengi kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko emutemo nekutevedzera mitemo, kunyanya maererano nekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo nekuchengetedzwa kweruzivo.
Nemamwe mashoko, kuchengetedza mafaira hakusi kungochengetedza mafaira chete, asiwo kuchengetedza kuenderera mberi kwemabasa uye kuderedza njodzi yekurasikirwa.
Nheyo Dzakanaka Dzekuchengetedza: Mutemo we3-2-1
Imwe yenheyo dzakakurumbira munyika yekuchengetedzwa kwedata mutemo we3-2-1:
– 3: Chengeta makopi matatu edata (data guru rimwe chete + ma backup maviri).
– 2: Shandisa mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, internal drive ne external hard disk).
– 1: Chengetedza kopi imwe chete panzvimbo yakasiyana (semuenzaniso, cloud kana drive yakachengetwa kune imwe nzvimbo).
Mutemo uyu unoderedza mukana wekuti makopi ese akuvare kana kurasika panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, kana laptop yako ikatyoka, uchiri ne backup pa external hard drive yako. Kana external hard drive yako ikatyokawo kana kuti ikakanganiswa nenjodzi, uchiri ne backup mu cloud.
Mhando dzeData Backup
Kuchengetedza data kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana, zvichienderana nezvaunoda:
1. Backup yakazara
Inokopa data rese ne backup yega yega. Izvi zvine mukana wekuti zvive nyore kudzoreredza data, asi zvinotora nzvimbo yakawanda uye zvinotora nguva yakareba.
2. Kuwedzera kwekuchengetedza
Kungokopa chete shanduko kubva pakagadziriswa backup yekupedzisira (ingave yakazara kana kuti inowedzera). Inokurumidza uye inochengetedza nzvimbo, asi maitiro ekugadzirisa anogona kuoma zvakanyanya.
3. Kuchengetedza kwakasiyana
Makopi anochinja kubva pakachengetwa kopi yese yekupedzisira. Makopi anokura nekufamba kwenguva, asi kudzoreredza kunowanzo kuve nyore pane nekuchengetedza kopi zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kune vashandisi vega vega, nzira inoshanda inowanzo kuve kuchengetedza makopi ese nguva nenguva pamwe nekuwiriranisa otomatiki mafaira akakosha.
Midhiya Yekuchengetedza Yekuchengetedza
Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuchengetedza media, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira:
– Madhiraivha ekunze / maSSD ekunze: anokurumidza, ari nyore kushandisa, uye akakodzera mabackups emunharaunda. Zvisinei, achiri panjodzi yekukuvadzwa uye anogona kurasika.
– Madhiraivha eFlash: ari nyore kushandisa, asi ane simba shoma uye haana kunaka kune mabackup enguva refu.
– NAS (Network Attached Storage): yakakodzera dzimba kana mahofisi madiki, inogona kuwanikwa nemidziyo yakawanda uye inogona kuiswa otomatiki, asi mutengo wekutanga wakakwira.
– Kuchengetera data mugore: kunochinjika, kunowanikwa chero kupi, kwakanaka kune vanochengeta data vari kunze kwewebhusaiti. Zvakashata: zvinoenderana neinternet uye mari yekunyorera kana paine mukana wakakura.
Zvakanaka, musanganiswa wekuchengetedza data remunharaunda neregore zvichapa dziviriro yakaringana.
Mazano ekushandisa Backup yeData Nguva Dzose
Vanhu vazhinji vanonzwisisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza mabackup, asi vanokundikana kuzviita nguva dzose. Kuti kuchengetedza mabackup kuve tsika inoshanda, heano mamwe matipi:
1. Sarudza ruzivo rwekutanga
Haasi mafaira ese anofanira kuchengetwa. Tarisa pane magwaro akakosha, mapikicha/mavhidhiyo anokosha, mafaira ebasa, uye ruzivo rwemari.
2. Shandisa otomatiki
Shandisa mukana wekuchengetedza otomatiki kwe operating system yako kana cloud applications. Kuzvigadzira otomatiki kunoderedza njodzi yekukanganwa.
3. Ronga nguva dzose kuchengetedza ma backups
Semuenzaniso, vhiki nevhiki kune vashandisi vega uye zuva nezuva kune zvinodiwa kubasa kana bhizinesi.
4. Dzorera bvunzo
Kudzorera mafaira pasina bvunzo yekudzorera kunogona kusabatsira. Edza kudzosera mafaira nguva nenguva kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti backup yacho inoshanda zvechokwadi.
5. Chengetedza ma backup nekuchengetedza
Shandisa encryption, mapassword akasimba, uye two-factor authentication kuma cloud accounts kudzivirira kuti backups dzisawanikwe nyore nevamwe.
Mhedziso
Kuchengetedza data idanho riri nyore rinogona kudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru. Kurasikirwa nedata kunogona kuitika chero nguva, kungave nekuda kwekutadza kwemudziyo, kukanganisa kwevanhu, kurwiswa kwemalware, kana njodzi dzisingatarisirwi. Nekushandisa nzira yakakodzera yekuchengetedza data—yakadai semutemo we3-2-1—pamwe nekusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetera data uye kuita backups nguva dzose, unogona kuchengetedza midziyo yako yedhijitari uye kuchengetedza kuenderera mberi kwemabasa ako ega neebhizinesi.
Pakupedzisira, mubvunzo hausi wekuti "ndicharasikirwa nedata rangu here?", asi "zvichaitika riini?". Kuva ne backup kuchakubatsira kuti ugadzirire chero chiitiko chipi zvacho.
