Kushandiswa kweAntennas muKutaurirana
Antena mudziyo unoshandura mafungu emagetsi kuita magetsi kana kuti zvinopesana. Nemamwe mashoko, maantenna anogonesa kutumira nekugamuchira masaini muhurongwa hwakasiyana-siyana hwekutaurirana. Munguva ino yehunyanzvi huri kuramba huchikwira, maantenna anoita basa rakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzehurongwa hwekutaurirana, kubva paredhiyo neterevhizheni kusvika kunharembozha nekutaurirana kwesatellite. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora kushandiswa kwemaantenna muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutaurirana uye matekinoroji ane chekuita nazvo anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kweantena uye huwandu hwayo.
Nhoroondo yeKukura kweAntena
MaAntenna akagadzirwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Kushandiswa kwemaantenna kwakatanga naHeinrich Hertz, uyo akaratidza kuvapo kwemafungu emagetsi zvichibva padzidziso dzaJames Clerk Maxwell. Hertz akashandisa maantenna kugadzira nekuona mafungu eredhiyo. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, Guglielmo Marconi akagadzira antenna yaibvumira kutapurirana kwemasaini eredhiyo muAtlantic Ocean, zvichigadzira nzira yekushandiswa kwemaantenna mukutaurirana kure.
Kanyanga Kushanda Kwenheyo
MaAntenna anoshanda nepfungwa yemwaranzi yemafungu emagetsi. Kana magetsi emagetsi achipinda nepaantenna, anogadzira minda yemagetsi nemagineti yakatarisana, zvichigadzira mafungu emagetsi anogona kupararira munzvimbo yakasununguka. Mhando dzemaAntenna dzinosanganisira dipole, monopole, array, parabolic, uye microstrip antennas. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rune hunhu hwarwo uye mashandisirwo arwo, zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwaunoda.
Mhando dzeAntennas uye Mashandisirwo Adzo
1. Antena yeDipole
Antena ye dipole, inowanzonzi antena yerod, imhando huru yeantena ine zvinhu zviviri zvesimbi. Iyo dipole iantena inorira inoshanda zvakanaka kune akasiyana maapplication, anosanganisira kutepfenyura redhiyo yeFM, terevhizheni, uye kushandiswa kweredhiyo yevasina kudzidza.
2. Antena yeMonopole
Antena imwe chete iantenna ine resonant ine hafu yewavelength inowanzoiswa yakatwasuka pamusoro penzvimbo inofambisa magetsi, senge capacitance yepasi. Inowanzoshandiswa mukutaurirana kwemotokari, zvishandiso zveredhiyo zvinotakurika, uye kutaurirana kweshortwave ine frequency yakaderera.
3. Antena Array
MaAntenna arrays ane zvinhu zvakawanda zveantenna zvakarongwa nenzira yakatarwa kuti zviwedzere kuwedzera uye kutungamira. MaArrays anowanzo shandiswa mu radar, terevhizheni, uye masisitimu ekutaurirana nesatellite nekuda kwekugona kwawo kutarisa mwenje munzira yakatarwa uye kuderedza kupindirana kwemasaini.
4. Antena yekufananidzira
Maantenna eparabolic anoshandisa parabolic reflector kuwedzera kuwedzera uye kutetepa kwebeamwidth. Maantenna aya anowanzo shandiswa mukutaurirana kwesatellite, radio astronomy, uye radar.
5. Kaneti yeMicrostrip
Ma antenna e microstrip i antenna dzakadhindwa pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa (PCB), dzinowanzoshandiswa mumidziyo yemazuva ano yekutaurirana, senge mafoni neWi-Fi. Nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo hudiki uye kuchinjika kwedhizaini, ma antenna e microstrip isarudzo yakakurumbira mumidziyo midiki.
Kushandiswa kweAntennas muNharembozha
Mukutaurirana kwemafoni, maantenna anoita basa guru mukuparadzira masaini uye kugamuchira. Zvishandiso zvefoni, zvakaita semafoni, zvinowanzo shongedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaantenna emabasa akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira kutumira izwi, kutumira data, uye masevhisi einternet. Maantenna anoshanda pamafrequencies chaiwo eredhiyo, akadai seGSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G, uye ikozvino 5G.
Muma network e5G, kushandiswa kwema antenna kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya neMassive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) uye tekinoroji ye beamforming. Iyi tekinoroji inogonesa kuwanda kwedata pa frequency imwe chete ne antenna dzinoshanda uye dzakanangwa, zvichiwedzera kugona kwe network uye kuderedza latency, izvo zvakakosha ku IoT (Internet of Things) uye maapplications enguva chaiyo.
MaAntenna muKutaurirana kweSatellite
Kutaurirana kwesatellite kunoda maantenna ane gain yakakwira uye gwara rakanaka. Maantenna eparabolic ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa pazviteshi zvepasi nekuda kwekugona kwawo kutarisisa masaini kune imwe nzvimbo pane satellite iri mu geostationary, medium, kana low-earth orbit. Masisitimu esatellite anoshandisa maantenna kutumira masevhisi akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakuparadzira terevhizheni uye GPS navigation kusvika pakubatana kweinternet pasi rose.
Pamapurogiramu anotakurika akadai semafoni esatellite kana materminal eVSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal), maantenna madiki uye akapfava anoshandiswa, asi achiri kukwanisa kubata nekutumira masaini kumasatellite anofamba mudenga.
Kushandisa MaAntennas muGPS Navigation
Masisitimu esatellite ekufamba-famba pasi rose (GNSS), akadai seGPS, Galileo, neGLONASS, anonyanya kushandisa maantenna kuti agamuchire masaini esatellite anopa ruzivo rwenzvimbo. Maantenna eGPS anowanzo kuve akasungirirwa kana kuti akatenderera, anosarudzwa nekuda kwekugona kwawo kubata masaini esatellite kubva kumativi akasiyana uye kuchengetedza ruzha pafrequency yaunoda.
MaAntenna eTerevhizheni neNhepfenyuro yeRedhiyo
Kubva pakatanga kushandiswa, nhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni neredhiyo dzave dzichishandisa maantenna ekutumira nekugamuchira masaini. Vagamuchiri veterevhizheni vekare vanoshandisa Yagi kana maantenna elog-periodic, nepo nhepfenyuro dzichishandisa maantenna earray kana dipole. Tekinoroji yekuparadzira masaini yedhijitari yakaunza maantenna madiki uye anoshanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune vanogamuchira masaini epamba kuwana mhando yechiratidzo iri nani.
Zvinhu Zvitsva Zvitsva uye Remangwana reMaAntenna
Remangwana retekinoroji yeantenna riri kufamba mukuita kuti magetsi ave madiki uye kushandisa simba zvakanaka. Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwemidziyo yeIoT uye kutaurirana kwewaya kusina waya kwakavimbika, masayendisiti ari kugadzira maantenna anochinjika anogona kusonerwa muzvipfeko kana mu3D-print.
Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvinovimbisawo mhinduro dzeantenna dzine hunhu hwemagetsi hunogona kugadzirwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti masaini anoshanda zvakanaka uye anotungamira. Kushandiswa kweAI nekudzidza kwemuchina mukugadzirisa nekugadziridza antenna zvine hungwaru inzvimbo yekutsvagisa inovhura mikana mitsva yakawanda munyika yekutaurirana.
Mhedziso
MaAntenna zvinhu zvakakosha mumasisitimu ekutaurirana, achiita basa rakakosha mukutumira nekugamuchira masaini mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwawo kwenhoroondo kusvika kuzvinhu zvitsva zvitsva, maantenna ave uye acharamba ari chinhu chakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekutaurirana. Kubva paredhiyo yeFM kusvika kune network dze5G, mupiro wemaantenna mukukwanisa kwedu kutaurirana unoramba uchikura, zvichiita kuti kubatana nekutaurirana nekukurumidza, kwakafara, uye kunoshanda zvakanyanya netekinoroji iri kufambira mberi nguva dzose.
