Mhedzisiro yeLatency muNetworks
Pendauluan
Kunonoka kwenetwork chinhu chisingawanzo tariswa pakushanda kwenetwork neinternet. Pasinei nekumhanya kwebandwidth kana kudhawunirodha, kunonoka kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kweruzivo rwemushandisi, kunyanya kana zvasvika kumaapplication anoda nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza, senge mitambo yepamhepo, kutenderera kwevhidhiyo, uye musangano wevhidhiyo. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura kuti kunonoka chii, nei kuchikosha, zvinhu zvinochipesvedzera, uye maitiro ekuderedza kunonoka kwenetwork.
Chii Chinonzi Kunonoka?
Kunonoka, kana tichitarisa networking, inguva inotora kuti data rifambe kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Kunonoka kunowanzo kuyerwa muma milliseconds (ms) nekuti kufamba kwedata mukati me network kunowanzo kurumidza. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze kunonoka kunowanzo kuyerwa, dzinosanganisira:
1. Kunonoka kwenzira imwe chete: Nguva inodiwa kuti data rifambe kubva kune anotumira kuenda kune anogamuchira.
2. Kunonoka kwekudzoka: Nguva yese inodiwa kuti data rifambe kubva kumutumi kuenda kumugamuchiri uye kudzokera kumutumi.
Latency ndeimwe yematanho matatu makuru anoshandiswa kuyera mashandiro enetwork, pamwe chete nekubuda kwedata uye kurasikirwa kwepaketi.
Sei Kunonoka Kuchikosha?
Kunonoka kwakakosha nekuti kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya ruzivo rwemushandisi mumapurogiramu nemasevhisi akasiyana-siyana. Mimwe yemigumisiro inoonekwa zvikuru yekunonoka kwakanyanya inosanganisira:
1. Ruzivo rweMitambo yePamhepo
Mumitambo yepamhepo, kunyanya mitambo yeFirst-person shooter (FPS) kana real-time strategy (RTS), kunonoka kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera "kunonoka," uko zviito zvemutambi zvinononoka kuitwa. Izvi hazvingoiti chete kuti mutambo usagutsikane asi zvinogonawo kukanganisa vatambi vari munzvimbo dzemakwikwi.
2. Kutepfenyura Mavhidhiyo uye Kusangana Nemavhidhiyo
Kunonoka kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuvharika kana kunonoka pakutepfenyura vhidhiyo. Mumusangano wevhidhiyo, kunonoka kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kunonoka kwekuteerera nemavhidhiyo, zvichikanganisa kutaurirana nekushandira pamwe pakati pevatori vechikamu.
3. Mapurogiramu Akavakirwa Pagore
Mapurogiramu akavakirwa pamakore akaita seGoogle Docs kana masevhisi ekuchengetedza data online anovimba zvakanyanya nemhinduro dzinokurumidza dzeseva. Kunonoka kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera nguva yekurodha inononoka, zvichideredza kugona kwebasa uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kunonoka Kwenguva
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa latency mune network, zvinosanganisira:
1. Kureba Kwemuviri
Data rinofanira kufamba nepachinhu chakaita setambo yefiber optic kana satellite. Daro riri pakati pemutumi neanogamuchira, ndipo panonyanya kunonoka.
2. Nhamba yeHops
Huwandu hwezvishandiso zvenetwork (zvakaita semarouter nemaswitch) zvinopfuudzwa nedata zvinogona kukanganisa latency. Hop yega yega inowedzera nguva shoma yekugadzirisa, saka hops dzakawanda, latency inowedzerawo.
3. Kuzara kweNetwork
Kuzara kwedata mu network kunogona kuwedzera nguva inotorwa kuti data risvike kwariri kuenda nekuti data rinofanira kurongwa kuti rigadziriswe.
4. Kushanda kweNetwork Device
Kugona uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvishandiso zvenetwork, zvakaita semarouter, switch, uye maseva, zvinoitawo basa guru mukuona nguva yekunonoka. Zvishandiso zvinokurumidza uye zvinoshanda zvinogona kuderedza nguva yekugadzirisa data.
5. Maprotocol eNetwork uye Kugadziriswa
Maprotocol enetwork akaita seTCP/IP anoshanda nenzira yakasiyana iyo inogona kuwedzera nguva yekunonoka nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvekusimbisa uye kuenderana. Uyezve, magadzirirwo asina kunaka, akadai semagadzirirwo eDNS anononoka, anogonawo kuwedzera nguva yekunonoka.
Maitiro Ekuderedza Kunonoka
Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuderedza latency mune network, dzinosanganisira:
1. Kugadzirisa Nzira dzeNetiweki
Kuderedza huwandu hwedata re "hops" rinofanira kufamba kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kunonoka. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekusarudza nzira pfupi kana kushandisa matekinoroji akaita seMPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) kuti nzira dzifambe zvakanaka.
2. Kuvandudza Network Devices
Kushandisa ma routers, switch, uye maseva epamusoro-soro uye anokurumidza kunogona kubatsira kuderedza nguva yekugadzirisa data pakubata kwega kwega.
3. Kushandisa CDN (Content Delivery Network)
CDN inogona kugovera makopi edata kumaseva akawanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo, kuitira kuti data riwanikwe kubva kuseva iri pedyo nemushandisi kuderedza kunonoka.
4. Kuwedzera kwebandwidth
Kunyange zvazvo kuwedzera bandwidth kusingaderedzi kunonoka zvakananga, kunogona kuderedza kuzara kwenetwork, inova imwe yezvikonzero zvinokonzera kunonoka kwakanyanya.
5. Kusarudza Protocol Nekukurumidza
Maprotocol akadai seHTTP/2 kana QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections) anogona kubatsira kuderedza kunonoka kana tichienzanisa nemaprotocol akajairwa akadai seHTTP/1.1.
Chidzidzo Chenyaya: Kuitwa Kwebasa Muindasitiri
1. Mitambo
Makambani mazhinji emitambo akaita seBlizzard neRiot Games anoshandisa maseva emunharaunda uye kugadzirisa network routing kuti vatambi vawane latency yakaderera sezvinobvira.
2. Zviri Mukati Zviri Kutepfenyura
Mapuratifomu akaita seNetflix neYouTube anoshandisa maCDN kuona kuti zvirimo zvinowanikwa kubva kumaseva ari pedyo nemushandisi, zvichideredza kuvharwa kwedata uye zvichivandudza kunaka kwekutepfenyura.
3. Mabasa egore
Makambani akaita seGoogle neMicrosoft anoshandisa ma network e fiber optic akazvimirira uye matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa network kuderedza kunonoka uye kuwedzera kupindura kwema applications akavakirwa pa cloud.
Mhedziso
Kunonoka chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwebasa uye ruzivo rwevashandisi mumapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana enetwork. Nekugadzirisa nzira dzenetwork, kuvandudza hardware, uye kushandisa maCDN nemaprotocol anoshanda zviri nani, kunonoka kunogona kuderedzwa kuti kuve neruzivo rwuri nani rwevashandisi. Kunzwisisa nekugadzirisa kunonoka kwakakosha kune vese vanopa masevhisi nevashandisi kuona kuti mashandiro enetwork anosangana nezvinodiwa nguva dzose.
