Nzira dzeKuwedzera muKutaurirana
Pendauluan
Munyika yekutaurirana, kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka mukutumira data kwakakosha. Imwe nzira yakaratidza kushanda zvakanaka mukuwedzera kugona kwenetwork uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwezvinhu zviripo ndeye multiplexing. Multiplexing inzira inobvumira masaini akawanda kana data streams kuti itumirwe panguva imwe chete munzira imwe chete yekutumira data. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dze multiplexing dzinoshandiswa mukutumira data, kubva padzidziso dzekutanga kusvika kune dzepamusoro.
1. Kunzwisisa Multiplexing
Multiplexing inzira iyo nzira mbiri kana kupfuura dzedata dzinobatanidzwa kuita rwizi rumwe chete rwekutumira kuburikidza nenzira yekutaurirana yakagovaniswa. Kana masaini asvika kwaanoenda, anoparadzaniswa zvakare achishandisa nzira dzekubvisa multiplexing. Nenzira iyi, multiplexing inoita kuti kushandiswa kwetambo dzekutumira kuve nyore uye kusingadhuri.
2. Mhando dzeMultiplexing
Kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuwedzera huwandu hwemashoko dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutaurirana, dzinoti:
a. Kupatsanurwa kweFrequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
FDM ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuwedzera data. MuFDM, frequency spectrum yakakamurwa kuita mabhendi madiki akati wandei, rimwe nerimwe rinoshandiswa kutumira data rega rega. Rukova rwese rwedata runotumirwa pane imwe frequency yekutakura data, kuitira kuti ma data streams akawanda agone kutumirwa panguva imwe chete pasina kupindirana.
Zvakanakira FDM ndezvekuti iri nyore kushandisa. Zvisinei, dambudziko nderekuti huwandu hwema frequency aripo hunogona kuganhurirwa, zvichideredza huwandu hwe data streams dzinogona kutumirwa panguva imwe chete.
b. Kupatsanurwa Kwenguva Kuwanda Kwenguva (TDM)
TDM inoshanda nekukamura nguva kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana. Nguva imwe neimwe inopihwa kune imwe data stream kuti itumire ruzivo rwayo. Kana nguva yacho yapera, pane mukana wekuti data stream inotevera ishandiswe. TDM inobvumira data streams dzakawanda kushandisa nzira imwe chete yekutumira panguva imwe chete, nokudaro ichivandudza mashandiro enzira yekutumira.
Chakanakira TDM ndechekuti inogona kutumira data pasina kukanganisa mamwe ma data. Zvisinei, kuenderana kwenguva idambudziko guru mukushandiswa kweTDM.
c. Kuwanda kweWavelength Division (WDM)
WDM imhando yeFDM inoshandiswa mukutumira ma "optical transmission", senge pamusoro pe "optical fiber". MuWDM, chiedza chema "wavelengths" akasiyana chinoshandiswa kutumira ruzivo rwakasiyana. Mitsetse yakasiyana yedata inotumirwa pama "wavelengths" akasiyana echiedza, zvichibvumira nzira imwe chete ye "optical fiber" kushandiswa kune mitsetse yakawanda yedata.
WDM ine mukana wekuwedzera kugona kwe optical fiber uye kutsigira kutaurirana nekukurumidza. WDM inowanzoshandiswa muma network emazuva ano ekutaurirana kutumira data rine simba rakawanda munzvimbo refu.
d. Kuwanda kweMakodhi muChikamu (CDM)
CDM, kana kuti inowanzozivikanwa seCode Division Multiple Access (CDMA), inzira yekuwedzera data umo ma "data streams" akawanda anogadziriswa nema "codes" akasiyana uye obva atumirwa kuburikidza ne "frequency band" imwe chete. Mudziyo wega wega unogamuchira unoshandisa kodhi inoenderana kuti ubvise data raunoda kubva kuma "signals" akabatanidzwa.
Zvakanakira zveCDM ndezvekuti inochinjika zvakanyanya pakushandisa frequency spectrum uye kugona kwayo kubata kukanganiswa. CDM inowanzoshandiswa mukutaurirana kwemafoni nekuti inobvumira kutaurirana kwakawanda kuitika panguva imwe chete pasina kukanganiswa kwakakosha.
3. Mabhenefiti Nematambudziko
Nzira dzekuwedzera ruzivo dzinopa mabhenefiti akawanda mukutaurirana nefoni, kusanganisira:
a. Kushanda Nesimba KwemaSpectrum: Multiplexing inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwe limited frequency spectrum, kuitira kuti data streams dzakawanda dzigone kutumirwa nenzira imwe chete.
b. Kuderedza Mutengo: Nekushandisa nzira imwe chete yekutumira data kune akawanda ma data streams, mari yezvivakwa inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
c. Kukwanisa Kukura: Kuwanda kwedata kunoita kuti network dzekutaurirana dzikwanise kubata huwandu hwevashandisi huri kuwedzera uye kuyerera kwedata pasina chikonzero chekuvaka zvivakwa zvakakosha.
Zvisinei, kune matambudziko akati wandei anofanirwa kugadziriswa pakuita multiplexing, akadai se:
a. Kupindira: Mune dzimwe nzira dzekuwedzera data dzakadai seFDM neWDM, kukanganisa data streams dziri pedyo kunogona kuva dambudziko.
b. Kuenderana: MuTDM, kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwese rwunowana nguva yarwo yakakodzera kunoda kuenderana kwakarurama.
c. Kusawirirana: MuCDM, kusanzwisisana kunogona kuitika kana kodhi isiriyo, zvichiita kuti data risaverengeke.
4. Mashandisirwo eMultiplexing muNhau dzeNhasi
Mukutaurirana kwemazuva ano, multiplexing ine basa rakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana. Heano mimwe mienzaniso:
a. Maseru eNharembozha: Nzira yeCDM kana CDMA inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munetwork dzenharembozha dzechizvarwa chechitatu (3G) uye dzakazotevera. Iyi tekinoroji inobvumira vashandisi vakawanda kupinda munetwork yenharembozha vachishandisa frequency band imwe chete pasina kukanganisana.
b. Fiber Optic Networks: WDM inoshandiswa mu fiber optic networks kuwedzera kugona kwekutumira data. Marefu akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa kutumira data streams dzakawanda panguva imwe chete pamusoro petambo imwe chete ye fiber optic.
c. Masetiweki ekukurukurirana nesatellite: FDM neTDM zvinowanzo shandiswa mukutaurirana nesatellite kugovera bandwidth iripo pakati pevashandisi vakawanda kana data streams.
d. Indaneti: Muma network einternet, multiplexing inoshandiswa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakugovana bandwidth pakati pevashandisi kusvika pakugovana nzira dzekutumira data pakati pemaseva nenzvimbo dzedata.
Mhedziso
Kubatanidza zvinhu zvakawanda inzira yakakosha mukutaurirana kwemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti zviwanikwa zve network zvishandiswe zvakanaka. Uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai seFDM, TDM, WDM, uye CDM, kusanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera zvekutumira data kune akasiyana maapplication ekutaurirana. Pasinei nekutarisana nematambudziko akawanda ehunyanzvi, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchigonesa kusanganisa zvinhu zvakawanda kuti zvibudirire uye zvive zvakavimbika, zvichitsigira kutaurirana nekukurumidza uye kwakavimbika pasi rese.
