Hunhu hweMaitiro Ebasa
Pendauluan
Munguva yedhijitari, apo internet nekutaurirana zvave zvinodiwa zvakakosha, mhando yebasa (QoS) yave chinhu chakakosha chinosiyanisa pakati pevanopa masevhisi epamusoro neavo vanorasikirwa mumakwikwi. Hunhu hweBasa imhando yematekinoroji nemaitiro ane chinangwa chekuona kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzedata dzinobatwa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvavo, zvichivimbisa mashandiro anodiwa. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chekuita nekushandisa QoS muma network.
Tsanangudzo uye Kukosha kweQoS
Chii chinonzi Hunhu Hwebasa?
QoS kugona kwenetwork kupa masevhisi akavimbiswa nemupi webasa kune vashandisi vekupedzisira. Sevhisi iyi inogona kusanganisira vimbiso yekuti mapaketi edata achasvika kwaanoenda mukati menguva yakatarwa, pasina kurasikirwa nedata kushoma, uye pasina kuora kwemhando.
Sei QoS Yakakosha?
Mumakombiyuta emazuva ano, havasi vanhu vese vane zvinodiwa zvakafanana. Semuenzaniso, vhidhiyo yekutarisa inoda bandwidth yakawanda uye latency yakaderera, nepo email kana kubhurawuza zvichigona kutsungirira kunonoka kudiki. Pasina QoS, vanhu vese vanoonekwa zvakaenzana, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kudzikira kwekushanda kwemapurogiramu akangwara. QoS inoita kuti maapplication aya apihwe mukana wakakodzera, zvichiita kuti ashande zvakanaka.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveQoS
Kunonoka
Kunonoka kunoreva nguva inotora kuti data packet ifambe kubva panzvimbo A kuenda panzvimbo B pane network. Kunonoka kwakanyanya kunogona kuva dambudziko guru kune mapurogiramu epanguva chaiyo seVoIP nemitambo yepamhepo.
Jitter
Jitter ndiyo shanduko yenguva yekusvika kwemapaketi edata. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mukutumira data nezwi nemavhidhiyo, uko kuenderana kuri chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza mhando.
Bandwidth
Bandwidth ndiyo kugona kukuru kwenetwork kutumira data mukati menguva yakatarwa. Kutarisira bandwidth nemazvo ndiyo hwaro hweQoS inoshanda.
Kurasikirwa kwepaketi
Uku kurasikirwa kwemapaketi edata panguva yekutumira data. Kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwedata kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maapplication akadai sevideo conferencing.
Maitiro eQoS
Kugadzirisa Mapurisa Emumugwagwa uye Kuumba
Kuchengetedza traffic inzira yekutarisa traffic traffic uye kuona kuti vashandisi vese vanotevedzera mitemo yakatarwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirisa traffic inzira yekudzora mafambiro edata nekunonotsa kuendesa mapaketi kuti akwane network. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinowanzo shanda pamwe chete kuti dzitarisire bandwidth uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakanaka.
Kuronga Paketi
Kuronga mapaketi inzira inosarudza kurongeka kwekutumira data packets zvichibva pane zvakakosha. Pane maalgorithms akati wandei ane chekuita nekuronga mapaketi, akadai seWeighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), Priority Queuing (PQ), uye Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ).
Kutarisira Buffer
Kutarisira mabuffer inzira inoshandiswa kupa nzvimbo yekuchengetera data kwenguva pfupi kana network iri kubatikana. Nekugadzirisa mabuffer zviri nani, tinogona kuderedza kunonoka uye jitter.
Congestion Management
Kana network ikava nevanhu vakawanda, zvinova zvakaoma kugadzirisa traffic zvinobudirira. Nzira dzeQoS dzakadai seRandom Early Detection (RED) dzinoshandiswa kuona nekudzora kuzara kwedata risati rava dambudziko guru. RED inoshanda nekudonhedza mapaketi zvisina tsarukano kudzivirira kuwandisa kwedata.
Kudzora Kupinda
Kudzora kubvumidzwa kwevashandi inzira yekuona kana chikumbiro chitsva chebasa chinogona kupihwa kune network pasina kuderedza mhando yebasa riripo. Kana network yava kuda kuzara, zvikumbiro zvitsva zvisingasvike zvinodiwa zvicharambwa.
Kusiyana kweServ neIntServ
Mamodheru maviri aya ndiwo hwaro hwekushandiswa kweQoS muma network makuru.
Mabasa Akabatanidzwa (IntServ)
IntServ imhando yakanyatsorongeka inopa zviwanikwa zvekuchengetedza ruzivo rwese rwunoyerera panetwork. Ichishandisa maprotocol akaita seRSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol), IntServ inogona kuvimbisa mashandiro enetwork. Zvisinei, iyi modhi haina kukura zvakanaka pamanetwork makuru nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwepamusoro.
Mabasa Akasiyana-siyana (DiffServ)
DiffServ imhando inochinjika uye inokwenenzverwa kupfuura IntServ. Mumuenzaniso uyu, mapaketi edata anopiwa 'kodhi', kana kuti DiffServ Code Point (DSCP), kuti aone kukosha kwawo. Ma routers nema switch anoona kodhi iyi uye anobata mapaketi zvinoenderana.
MPLS
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) tekinoroji inokurumidza uye inotarisira kufamba kwe network traffic. MPLS inoshanda nekubatanidza ma labels kuma data packets kuti ione nzira yavo uye kukosha kwavo mukati me network. Izvi zvinoita kuti QoS management ive nyore pama network akaomarara ane mabasa akawanda.
Kuitwa kweQoS
Matanho Ekuita
1. Kuziva Zvinodiwa paNetwork: Danho rekutanga nderekunzwisisa zvinodiwa nevashandisi venetwork. Pane mapurogiramu anoda latency yakaderera here kana kuti bandwidth yakakwira?
2. Kupatsanura Vanhu Mumigwagwa: Kuronga vanhu mumigwagwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo nezvinodiwa. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mapoka evhidhiyo, izwi, uye data renguva dzose.
3. Tsanangura Mutemo: Sarudza mitemo ichatonga traffic, kusanganisira kusarudza zvinhu zvinokosha uye kugoverwa kwebandwidth.
4. Kugadzirisa Netiweki Yemidziyo: Kugadzirisa marouter, maswichi, nezvimwe zvishandiso panetiweki zvichienderana nemitemo yakatarwa.
5. Kutarisa nekuchengetedza: Tarisa mashandiro eQoS uye gadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa.
Mienzaniso yeKushandiswa Kwenyika Chaiyo
Mimwe mienzaniso yezviitiko zvekushandisa QoS iri mumasevhisi eVoIP, musangano wevhidhiyo, midhiya yekutepfenyura, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana enguva chaiyo mumaindasitiri akadai se telemedicine ne virtual reality.
Matambudziko neMhinduro
Kukwanisa kukura
Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru mukushandisa QoS kugona kupararira. Pama network makuru, nzira dzakadai seIntServ dzinogona kusashanda. Kushandisa mamodheru akareruka seDiffServ neMPLS kunogona kuva mhinduro.
Keamanan
Kuitwa kweQoS kunofanirwa kuitwa ukuwo network ichichengetedza kuchengetedzeka. Kuvhura nzira dzekutanga pasina kudzora kwakakodzera kunogona kushandiswa pakurwiswa kweDDoS. Mhinduro ndeyekushandisa firewall uye system yakanaka yekuona kupinda kwedata.
Mutengo
Kushandisa QoS kunogona kudhura, kunyanya kana tichitarisa mitengo yehardware nekushanda. Kugadzirisa mitengo kunogona kuitwa nekusarudza zvakanyanya pakushandisa mitemo yeQoS.
Mhedziso
Hunhu hweBasa (QoS) chinhu chakakosha muma network emazuva ano, kuve nechokwadi chekuti maapplication nemasevhisi anoda zvinhu zvakakosha anogona kushanda zvakanaka. Kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekugadzirisa traffic, kuronga mapaketi, uye manejimendi yekutakura vanhu, QoS inogona kugadzira network inopindura uye yakavimbika. Pasinei nematambudziko, kuiswa kweQoS kunobudirira kunogona kupa mabhenefiti makuru maererano nekushanda uye kugutsikana kwevashandisi.
Nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemaitiro ayo uye matanho ekushandisa, vanopa masevhisi nevatungamiriri venetwork vanogona kushandisa QoS kugadzira ruzivo rwepamusoro rwemushandisi uye kutsigira akasiyana-siyana emapurogiramu akakosha nekushanda kwakanyanya.
