Nzira Yekuedza Simba reZvinhu zveIvhu
Kuyedzwa kwesimba revhu idanho rakakosha mukuronga nekushandisa mapurojekiti ekuvaka, ekurima, uye ezve geotechnical. Ivhu ivhu rine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, rine hunhu hwemakanika hunosiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, kuumbwa kwemineral, uye nhoroondo ye geology. Saka, kunzwisisa simba revhu kwakakosha pakuona kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zvakavakirwa pariri. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuedza simba revhu uye mashandisirwo adzo muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
1. Kukosha kweKuedza Simba reIvhu
Usati wakurukura nzira dzekuedza nadzo, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti sei kuyedza simba revhu kwakakosha:
1. Kuchengetedzwa kweZvivako: Kuvaka zvivakwa, migwagwa, nemabhiriji zvese zvinoda hwaro hwakasimba. Ivhu, sehwaro, rinofanira kukwanisa kutsigira mutoro pasina kunyura kana kudonha.
2. Kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzine makomo: Munzvimbo dzine makomo kana kuti dzine makomo, kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzine makomo kunoenderana nekusimba kwevhu. Ivhu risina kusimba rinogona kukonzera kudonha kwevhu.
3. Kushanda Nesimba Mukuvaka: Kuziva simba revhu kunobvumira kuronga nekushandisa mari shoma nekusarudza matekiniki akakodzera nezvinhu.
2. Nzira yekuedza simba revhu
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora simba revhu dzakagadzirwa kuti dziyere hunhu hweivhu. Heano mamwe enzira huru dzinowanzo shandiswa:
a. Bvunzo Yekupinda Mukati (SPT)
Kuedza kupinza mvura muvhu ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzekuongorora simba revhu. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kubaya chubhu yemuenzaniso muvhu nenyundo. Huwandu hwemapfumo anodiwa kuti chubhu ipinde muvhu kusvika pakadzika kwakatarwa (kazhinji 30 cm) hunoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekusimba kwevhu. Maitiro aya ari nyore asi anopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvehuwandu uye simba revhu rine granular.
b. Kuedza Kucheka Kwakananga
Kuedza simba rekuchekwa kwevhu zvakananga kunoshandiswa kuyera simba rekuchekwa kwevhu, iro riri kugona kwevhu kurwisa masimba anokonzera kutama. Mukuedza uku, sampuro yevhu inoiswa mukati mebhokisi rekuchekwa kwevhu, uye simba rinoiswa rakatwasuka kusvika ivhu rakundikana. Data kubva mukuedzwa uku rinogona kushandiswa kuona kubatana uye kona yekukweshana kwevhu mukati.
c. Kuedzwa kweTriaxial
Kuedza kweTriaxial inzira yakaoma asi inopa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvehunhu hwevhu. Mukuedza uku, sampuro yevhu inoiswa musero retriaxial uye inomanikidzwa zvakafanana kubva kumativi ese (kumanikidzwa kwenzvimbo). Kumanikidzwa kwakawedzerwa kunozoiswa axial kusvika ivhu rakundikana. Kuedza uku kunogona kuitwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekudhonza mvura kuti kutevedzera mamiriro akasiyana emumunda, akadai se consolidated-drained (CD), unconsolidated-undrained (UU), uye consolidated-undrained (CU) triaxial tests.
d. Kuedzwa kweKudzvanywa Kusina Kuganhurirwa
Kuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kusina kuvharwa kunoshandiswa kuyera simba revhu revhu risina kuvharwa. Muenzaniso wevhu rakatenderera unodzvanywa kusvika rakundikana. Nekuti hapana kumanikidzwa kwakaitwa, bvunzo iyi inopa ruzivo nezvesimba rekudzvanywa kwevhu mumamiriro asina kusvinwa.
e. Bvunzo yeCBR (California Bearing Ratio)
Bvunzo yeCBR inzira inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora kugona kwevhu kugadzira mugwagwa. Mubvunzo uyu, pistoni inosundirwa muvhu nekumhanya kwakatarwa, uye kuramba kwevhu kunoyerwa. Kukosha kweCBR kunoverengwa sechiyero chekuramba kwevhu kurwisa kuramba kwechinhu chakajairwa. Kukosha kwakakwirira kweCBR kunoratidza simba rakanaka uye kugona kutakura.
f. Kuedzwa kweKupinda kweCone (CPT)
Kuedza kupinda kwevhu mucone inzira inoshandiswa inoshandisa cone kuongorora simba revhu riri panzvimbo yacho. Cone inopinzwa muvhu uye kuramba kuripo kunonyorwa pasi pemvura. Data rinobuda rinogona kushandiswa kuongorora mamiriro evhu uye mashandiro aro.
3. Kushandiswa kweNzira dzeKuyedza
a. Kuvaka Zvivakwa
Mumainjiniya ekuvaka, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yevhu inoshandiswa kugadzira nheyo dzezvivakwa, migwagwa, nezvimwe zvivakwa. Semuenzaniso, bvunzo dzeSPT neCPT dzinowanzo shandiswa kuongorora huwandu uye simba revhu rejecha, nepo bvunzo dzetriaxial dzichishandiswa kune ivhu revhu rine maitiro akaomarara.
b. Kurima
Mukurima, kunzwisisa simba revhu kwakakosha pakutarisira ivhu, kudiridza, uye kushandisa michina mikuru. Ivhu rine simba shoma rekudzvanya rinogona kuomeswa zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti mvura isapinde zvakanaka uye midzi yemiti ikure.
c. Tsvagiridzo yeGeotechnical
Nzira dzekuongorora ivhu dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwezve geotechnical kuti vaongorore hunhu hwakaoma uye hunochinja hwevhu. Tsvagiridzo iyi inosanganisira kuongorora kugadzikana kwemawere, mhinduro yevhu kukudengenyeka kwenyika, uye shanduko muhunhu hwevhu nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mabasa evanhu.
4. Kesimpulan
Kuyedzwa kwesimba revhu chinhu chakakosha muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mukuvaka, kurima, uye kutsvagurudza kwezve geotechnical. Nzira dzakakurukurwa munyaya ino, dzakadai seStandard Penetration Test (SPT), Direct Shear Strength Test, Triaxial Test, Unconfined Compression Test, CBR Test, uye Cone Penetration Test (CPT), dzinopa nzira dzakasiyana asi dzakakosha dzekunzwisisa simba uye hunhu hweivhu.
Nekuita bvunzo dzesimba revhu nemazvo, mainjiniya nemasayendisiti vanogona kugadzira zvivakwa zvakachengeteka, kugadzira nzira dzakakodzera dzekurima, uye kuita tsvakiridzo yakazara yezve geotechnical. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira pakupedzisira kuvaka nharaunda yakachengeteka uye inogara kwenguva refu.
Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwesimba revhu, tinogona kuderedza njodzi yekukundikana kwechivako, kuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka, uye kuona kuti ivhu rinoshandiswa nenzira inobereka zvakawanda uye inogara kwenguva refu.
