Chimiro Chinotsigira Kuraswa Kwetsvina Yemetabolism
Chipenyu chega chega chinorarama chinoitwa nemaitiro ekugadzirisa muviri anogadzira simba nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha zvinodiwa kuti chirarame. Zvisinei, maitiro aya anogadzirawo marara anogona kukuvadza kana asina kubviswa mumuviri. Sisitimu inotarisira kubvisa marara aya inonzi sisitimu yekuburitsa tsvina. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura zvakadzama maumbirwo anotsigira kuraswa kwemarara ekugadzirisa muviri, kunyanya muvanhu, pamwe nedzimwe nzira dzinoverengeka dzakakosha.
Sisitimu Yekuburitsa Mvura Muvanhu
Vanhu vane nzira yakaoma yekuburitsa tsvina ine nhengo dzinokosha: itsvo, ganda, mapapu, nechiropa. Nhengo imwe neimwe iyi ine basa rayo rekubvisa tsvina.
1. Itsvo
Itsvo ndidzo nhengo huru dziri muropa revanhu, dzichisefa ropa kuti ribvise tsvina yemuviri pamwe nemvura yakawandisa uye ma electrolyte ari muchimiro cheweti. Zvimiro zveitsvo zvinotsigira maitiro aya zvinosanganisira:
– Nephron: Chinhu chidiki chinoshanda muitsvo, chinoita basa rekusefa ropa nekugadzira weti. Itsvo yega yega yemunhu ine ma nephrons angangoita miriyoni imwe.
– Glomerulus: Muunganidzwa wema capillaries ari pakutanga kwe nephron anoshanda senzvimbo yekutanga yekusefa. Apa ndipo panosefa ropa kuti riparadzanise tsvina kubva kuzvinhu zveropa zvinodiwa nemuviri.
– Renal Tubule: Mushure mekusefa mu glomerulus, mvura inonzi glomerular filtrate inopinda mu renal tubule. Pano, kutorwazve uye kubudiswa kunoitika, izvo zvinobatsira kudzora kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuburitswa kana kuchengetwa mumuviri.
2. Ganda
Ganda iri chikamu chehurongwa hwekuburitsa tsvina, kunyanya kuburikidza nedikita, iro rinoburitsa ziya. Dikita rine mvura, munyu, uye huwandu hushoma hweurea, chinhu chinotapukira mukugadzirwa kwenitrogen. Basa rekubvisa tsvina yeganda rakakosha mukubatsira kudzora tembiricha yemuviri uye kuchengetedza electrolyte yakaringana.
3. Mapapu
Mapapu anoshanda kuburitsa kabhoni dhayiokisijeni, tsvina inobva mukufema kwemasero. Kuburikidza nekufema, kabhoni dhayiokisijeni inotakurwa kubva muropa kuenda kualveoli mumapapu yozoburitswa mumuviri patinoburitsa mweya.
4. Mwoyo
Chiropa chinoita basa guru mukushandiswa kwemafuta, mapuroteni, uye makabhohaidhiretsi, pamwe nekubvisa chepfu muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chepfu. Panguva yekushandiswa kweprotein, chiropa chinoshandura ammonia ine chepfu kuita urea, iyo inozoburitswa kuburikidza neitsvo.
Nzira Yekurasira Marara Mumuviri
Nhengo ina dzinoburitsa tsvina dzataurwa pamusoro apa dzinoshanda pamwe chete kubvisa tsvina mumuviri, kusefa, uye kubvisa tsvina yemuviri. Idzi ndidzo nzira huru dzinotsigira mabasa aya:
Kusefa
Maitiro makuru ekubvisa tsvina yemuviri muitsvo anotanga nekusefa ropa muglomerulus, uko plasma yeropa, mvura nemamorekuru madiki anopfuura nepaburi rekusefa kuenda kuBowman's capsule, ukuwo masero eropa nemamorekuru makuru akadai semapuroteni zvichiramba zviri muropa.
Kunyudzwazve uye Kuburitswa
Mukati memachubhu eitsvo, zvinopfuura 99% yezvinhu zvakasefetwa zvinodzoserwa muropa kuburikidza nekudzoserwazve, kusanganisira glucose, sodium, nemvura. Zvinhu zvisingachadiwi nemuviri chete, zvakaita semaion akawandisa neurea, ndizvo zvinochengetwa uye zvinoburitswa muweti.
Kupararira
Mumapapu, kuchinjana kwegasi pakati peokisijeni nekabhoni dhayokisaidhi kunoitika kuburikidza nekupararira. Kabhoni dhayokisaidhi kubva muropa inopararira ichipinda mualveoli kuti ibudiswe, ukuwo okisijeni ichifemedzwa yopararira muropa.
Kukosha kweZvimiro zveRutsigiro muKubvisa Matumbu
Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chiri muhurongwa hwekuburitsa tsvina chine basa rakakosha uye chinotsigirana kuti muviri uve nechiyero chehomeostatic.
– Kugadziriswa kweHomeostasis: Kuburikidza nemusanganiswa uyu wakaoma wemaitiro, muviri unogona kuchengetedza mamiriro emukati akagadzikana, kugadzirisa kusiyana kunobva kune nharaunda yekunze, uye kugadzirisa kugadzirwa nekuraswa kwezvinhu sezvinodiwa.
– Kudzora Huwandu hweMvura Mumuviri uye Maumbirwo: Itsvo, semuenzaniso, dzinoita basa rekudzora huwandu hweropa nemvura yemuviri, pamwe nekuwanda kwema electrolytes akasiyana-siyana madziri.
– Kutarisira Marara Emuviri: Pasina chimiro ichi chekutsigira, zvinhu zvinokuvadza uye chepfu zvinogona kuungana mumuviri zvichikonzera kukuvara pamasero uye padanho remuviri.
Mhedziso
Kubviswa kwetsvina yemetabolism inzira yakakosha yekupona kwezvipenyu zvese, inosanganisira kushanda pamwe chete kwakanaka kwenhengo dzakadai seitsvo, ganda, mapapu, nechiropa. Zvimiro zvinotsigira mukati meimwe neimwe yeiyi sisitimu yekubuda kwetsvina zvakagadzirwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti tsvina inobviswa zvinobudirira, nokudaro zvichichengetedza homeostasis uye hutano hwese. Pasina iyi sisitimu yakabatana, muviri haugone kuchengetedza kuenzana kwayo kwemukati, izvo zvaizokanganisa hutano uye mashandiro akanaka echipenyu. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chemasisitimu aya chinoratidza kuoma uye runako rwezvinhu zvipenyu zvinotsigira hupenyu.
