Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro eSistimu Yetsinga
Sisitimu yetsinga ndeimwe yenhengo dzakaoma uye dzinokosha mumuviri wemunhu. Ine basa rekugamuchira, kubatanidza, uye kupindura ruzivo kubva kune zvese zviri kunze uye mukati. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora chimiro nebasa resisitimu yetsinga zvakadzama, ichifukidza zvikamu zvayo zvikuru uye kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chinoshanda sei pamwe chete kuti zvigone kushanda pamwe chete mumuviri.
Nhanganyaya kuSistimu yeNervous
Sisitimu yetsinga inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sisitimu yetsinga huru (CNS) nesisitimu yetsinga huru (PNS). Sisitimu yetsinga huru ine uropi nemuzongoza, izvo zvinoshanda senzvimbo yekudzora mabasa emuviri. Sisitimu yetsinga huru, kune rumwe rutivi, inosanganisira tsinga dzese dzakabatana neuropi nemuzongoza, dzinotumira ruzivo rwekunzwa kubva mumuviri kuenda kuCNS uye mirairo yekufambisa kubva kuCNS kuenda kutsandanyama nenhengo.
Maumbirwo eSistimu Yetsinga
1. Sisitimu Yepakati Yetsinga
- Uropi:
Uropi inhengo iri mukati medehenya uye inoshanda senzvimbo huru yekudzora muviri. Yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira forebrain, midbrain, uye hindbrain. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine mabasa chaiwo anobatsira pakukwanisa kufunga, kurangarira, kunzwa manzwiro, uye kugadzirisa ruzivo rwekunzwa.
- Tambo yemusana:
Muzongoza ibasa guru reuropi rinoenderera mberi richidzika nemuzongoza. Rinoshanda senzira huru yekutumira mameseji pakati peuropi nemuviri. Uyezve, muzongoza unodzorawo mamwe mafungiro asingade kugadziriswa muuropi.
2. Sisitimu yeTsitsi yePeripheral
- Tsinga dzemusoro:
Kune tsinga gumi nembiri dzemusoro dzinobuda zvakananga kubva muuropi. Imwe neimwe yetsinga idzi ine basa rayo, rakadai sekunzwisisa kunhuhwirira, kuona, kufamba kwemaziso, kunzwa, uye kudzora tsandanyama dzechiso.
- Tsinga dzemusana:
Kune tsinga dzemusana dzinosvika makumi matatu nerimwe dzinobuda mumusana. Tsinga idzi dzinopa basa rekutumira zviratidzo zvepfungwa nemafambiro pakati pemusana nemuviri wese.
Mabasa eSistimu Yetsinga
1. Basa reKunzwa
Basa retsinga rinoshanda pakunzwa kwetsinga rinoenderana nekukwanisa kunzwa shanduko dziri mukati nekunze kwemuviri. Masensor receptors mumuviri wese anoona zvinhu zvakaita sechiedza, ruzha, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, uye makemikari. Ruzivo urwu runozoshandurwa kuita ma electric impulses anotumirwa kuburikidza ne peripheral nerves kuenda kuCNS kuti agadziriswe zvakare.
2. Basa reMotokari
Mushure mekunge ruzivo rwekunzwa rwagadziriswa, sisitimu yetsinga inopa mhinduro yakakodzera kuburikidza nemabasa ekufambisa tsinga. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutumira masaini kubva kuCNS kuenda kutsandanyama netsinga. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kufamba kwetsandanyama dzemapfupa, sekufamba kana kunyora, pamwe nekuita zvinhu usingazive, otomatiki, senge kurova kwemoyo kana kugaya.
3. Basa Rinobatanidza
Sisitimu yetsinga inokwanisa kubatanidza ruzivo kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti ibudise mhinduro yakabatana. Maitiro aya anosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita sekuita sarudzo, kudzidza, uye kudzora manzwiro. Izvi zvinoratidza kugona kweuropi kwete kungogadzirisa ruzivo rwekunzwa chete asiwo kurwuchengeta uye kurwushandisa kune mhinduro dzemangwana.
Zvikamu zveMasero zveSistimu yeNervous
Sisitimu yetsinga ine mhando mbiri dzemasero: ma neuron nemasero eglial.
Neuron
MaNeuron ndiwo mayuniti ekutanga etsinga, ane basa rekutumira ma impulses emagetsi. Neuron yega yega ine muviri wesero, ma dendrites, uye axon. MaDendrites anogamuchira masaini kubva kune mamwe ma neuron, nepo axon ichitumira masaini iwayo kune neuron inotevera kana kuti kumasero anoshanda, akadai semhasuru nemagland.
Masero eGlial
Masero eGlial anoshanda kutsigira nekudzivirira ma neuron. Anopa zvinovaka muviri, anochengetedza ion balance, uye anobvisa marara kubva kuma neuron. Anoumbawo myelin, iyo insulating layer inokurumidza kutapurirana kwe neural impulses kuburikidza ne axons.
Zvirwere uye Matambudziko eSistimu Yetsinga
Kusashanda zvakanaka kwetsinga dzemuviri kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa mashandiro emuviri nepfungwa. Zvimwe zvirwere zvakajairika zvinosanganisira:
– Chirwere cheAlzheimer: Chirwere chinopera simba chinoratidzwa nekurasikirwa kwetsinga dzeuropi uye kudzikira kwesimba rekufunga.
– Multiple Sclerosis: Chirwere che autoimmune umo myelin yakakomberedza axons inokuvadzwa, zvichikanganisa kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zvetsinga.
– Pfari: Chirwere chinoratidzwa nepfari dzinogara dzichiitika nekuda kwekushanda kwemagetsi muuropi.
Mhedziso
Sisitimu yetsinga inetwork yakaoma inokosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kuburikidza nekubatana uye kubatana pakati pezvikamu zvayo, sisitimu iyi inotibvumira kunzwa, kufamba, uye kujairana nenyika yakatipoteredza. Kunzwisisa chimiro chayo nebasa rayo hakungokoshi chete kusainzi asiwo pakugadzira mishonga yekurapa kune avo vanotambura nezvirwere zvesisitimu yetsinga. Nekuenderera mberi nekutsvaga, tinotarisira kuwana mhinduro dzinoshanda dzekuchengetedza hutano hwesisitimu yetsinga uye kuvandudza hupenyu.
