Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum: Tsananguro Yakadzama
Mafungu emagetsi chinhu chakakosha mufizikisi, kuvapo kwawo nekushandiswa kwawo kunopinda muzvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Kubva pazviratidzo zveredhiyo zvatinonzwa zuva nezuva kusvika kuX-rays dzinobatsira kuongorora zvirwere, electromagnetic spectrum inoita basa rakakosha. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora pfungwa ye electromagnetic spectrum, kubva pakutsanangurwa kwayo kwekutanga kusvika pakushandiswa kwayo muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Kunzwisisa Mafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi mafungu anotakura simba remagetsi uye anogona kupararira kuburikidza ne vacuum. Mafungu aya anotsanangurwa nezvikamu zviviri zvikuru: munda wemagetsi nemunda wemagineti, izvo zvinotenderera uye zvinofamba zvakatarisana uye kudivi rekupararira kwemafungu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana munda wemagetsi ukatenderera kumusoro nekudzika, munda wemagineti uchatenderera kuruboshwe nekurudyi, ukuwo mafungu pachawo achienderera mberi.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Chiyero chemagetsi chinoreva huwandu hwemafungu emagetsi aripo, akarongwa zvichienderana newavelength kana frequency yawo. Wavelength idaro riri pakati pemafungu maviri akatevedzana, nepo frequency iri nhamba yemafungu anotenderera anopfuura poindi yakatarwa payuniti yenguva.
Izvi zvinotevera kurongeka kwe electromagnetic spectrum kubva pakureba kusvika pakupfupika kwe wavelength:
1. Mafungu eredhiyo
2. Ma microwave
3. Mwaranzi yeInfrared
4. Chiedza Chinooneka
5. Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet
6. X-rays
7. Mwaranzi yeGamma
Mafungu eredhiyo
Mafungu eredhiyo ane marefu ewavelength mu electromagnetic spectrum, anotangira pamasendimita mashoma kusvika kuzviuru zvemamita. Mafambiro emafungu eredhiyo anotangira pamakilohertz mashoma (kHz) kusvika kugigahertz (GHz). Mafungu aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutaurirana, kusanganisira AM neFM radio, terevhizheni, uye masaini efoni. Kunyangwe achinyanya kushandiswa pakutumira ruzivo, mafungu eredhiyo anoshandiswawo mukuongorora zvinhu zvemudenga.
Ma microwave
Ma microwave ane marefu emvura ari pakati pemirimita imwe chete nemita imwe chete, ane ma frequency ari pakati pe300 MHz kusvika 300 GHz. Mafungu aya anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo etekinoroji, kusanganisira radar, kutaurirana kwesatellite, uye ma microwave ovens. Kana iri ma microwave ovens, ma microwave anoshanda nekuzunguza mamorekuru emvura ari muchikafu, zvichigadzira kupisa.
Mwaranzi yeInfrared
Chiedza cheinfrared chine mawavelength anotangira pa700 nanometers (nm) kusvika pa1 millimeter (mm). Kuwanda kwechiedza cheinfrared kunobva pa300 GHz kusvika pa400 THz. Chiedza ichi chinozivikanwa zvikuru semwaranzi inopisa, sezvo zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopisa zvichiburitsa chiedza cheinfrared. Mashandisirwo anobatsira anosanganisira maremote controls, makamera ekupisa, uye kurapwa kwemishonga.
Chiedza Chinoonekwa
Chiedza chinoonekwa chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum chinoonekwa neziso remunhu. Marefu ewavelengths acho anotangira pa380 nm kusvika pa750 nm, ane ma frequency ari pakati pe400 THz ne790 THz. Chiedza chinoonekwa chine mavara akasiyana-siyana kubva pa violet (yakajeka zvikuru) kusvika kutsvuku (wavelength yakareba kupfuura dzose). Ziso remunhu rinonyanya kunzwa chiedza munzvimbo iyi, zvichitibvumira kuona nyika yakatipoteredza.
Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet
Mwenje weUltraviolet une marefu ewavelength anotangira pa10 nm kusvika 400 nm uye mafrequency anotangira pa7.5 x 10^14 Hz kusvika 3 x 10^16 Hz. Kunyangwe chiedza cheultraviolet (UV) chiine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira sterilization, fluorescent printing, uye kurapwa kweganda, kunyanya kuratidzwa nechiedza cheUV kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kweganda nemaziso.
X-ray
MaX-ray ane marefu ehurefu ari pakati pe0.01 nm ne10 nm, ane mafrequency ari pakati pe10^16 Hz kusvika 10^19 Hz. Mawaya aya ane simba guru uye simba guru rekupinda, zvichiita kuti abatsire zvikuru mumifananidzo yezvokurapa uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhandare yendege. MaX-ray anogona kupinda munyama yemuviri, zvichibvumira vanachiremba kuona zvivakwa zvemukati pasina kuvhiyiwa.
Mwaranzi yeGamma
Mwaranzi yeGamma ine urefu hwemarefu mapfupi uye simba rakakwirira mu electromagnetic spectrum, ine urefu hwemarefu ari pasi pe 0.01 nm uye ma frequency ari pamusoro pe 10^19 Hz. Mwaranzi yeGamma inogadzirwa ne nuclear processes uye stellar fusion reactions. Mukurapa, gamma radiation inoshandiswa mukurapa cancer kuuraya masero ecancer.
Nheyo dzeBasic uye Dzidziso
Dzidziso yemagetsi yakatanga kuumbwa naJames Clerk Maxwell muzana remakore rechi19, ichitsanangura kuti minda yemagetsi nemagineti inosangana sei uye inotenderera sei kuti igadzire mafungu emagetsi. Maxwell akagadzira nhevedzano yezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, inozivikanwa seMaxwell's Equations, kutsanangura chiitiko ichi.
Mashandisirwo eMafungu eElectromagnetic
Magetsi emagetsi ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu netekinoroji. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemashandisirwo ayo:
1. Kutaurirana: Mafungu eredhiyo nema microwave zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutaurirana kusina waya senge redhiyo, terevhizheni, uye masaini efoni.
2. Zvekurapa: X-rays ne gamma radiation zvinoshandiswa mukurapa mifananidzo uye kurapwa nemwaranzi.
3. Indasitiri: Ma microwave anoshandiswa mukugadzira chikafu uye muradar.
4. Kuongorora Nyeredzi: Mafungu eredhiyo, mwaranzi yeinfrared, uye maX-ray zvinoshandiswa kudzidza zvakasikwa.
5. Hutano Nekuchengetedzwa: Mwaranzi yeUltraviolet inoshandiswa mukubvisa utachiona, ukuwo maX-ray achishandiswa mukuchengetedza nhandare yendege.
Mhedziso
Electromagnetic spectrum ipfungwa huru mufizikisi ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana akakosha uye akasiyana-siyana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva kumafungu eredhiyo anogonesa kutaurirana kure kusvika kumwaranzi ye gamma inobatsira mukurapa kenza, kunzwisisa electromagnetic spectrum kunogonesa hunyanzvi uye matekinoroji ari kushandura mararamiro edu. Munyika yanhasi iri kuramba ichivimba netekinoroji, kunzwisisa nekushandisa misimboti ye electromagnetic spectrum hakungobatsiri chete kune vesainzi nemainjiniya asiwo kwakakosha kune veruzhinji.
