Dzidziso yeDramaturgical yaErving Goffman
Pendauluan
Erving Goffman aive mumwe wevanyanzvi vezvemagariro evanhu vezana remakore rechi20 avo vakapa mipiro yavo kusainzi yemagariro evanhu, kunyanya dzidziso yake yedramaturgy, yakapa nzwisiso itsva pamusoro pekudyidzana kwevanhu munharaunda. Mubhuku rake guru, "The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life" (1956), Goffman akagadzira pfungwa inotsanangura kuti vanhu vanogara vachiita sei "kuita" kana "kuita" muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Pfungwa iyi inozivikanwa sedzidziso yedramaturgical, iyo inoshandisa fananidzo yechikuva chemitambo kutsanangura maitiro evanhu munharaunda. Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekuongorora dzidziso yedramaturgical yaGoffman zvizere.
Danho Repamberi Nedanho Rekumashure
Imwe yepfungwa huru dzedzidziso yaGoffman ipfungwa ye'danho repamberi' uye 'danho rekumashure'. Danho repamberi ndipo panowanikwa vanhu 'vanozviratidza' pamberi pevanhu. Pano, munhu anoita basa rinotarisirwa nevateereri vake achishandisa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chekuita ne'kuita'. Kuita uku kunosanganisira kutaura kwakadzorwa uye kwakanatswa, maitiro, uye chitarisiko chemuviri.
Semuenzaniso, mudzidzisi ari mukirasi achava pamberi pekirasi, achiratidza kuvimbika, kurangwa, uye hunyanzvi munyaya yacho. Mudzidzisi achashandisa zvinhu zvinobatsira pakudzidzisa, nzira dzekudzidzisa, uye kupfeka zvakakodzera kuti ape ruremekedzo nechiremera.
Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo yekumashure kwechikuva inzvimbo iyo vanhu vanogona kusiya mabasa avo epamutemo vozorora, kuunganazve, kana kufunga nezvehunhu hwavo hwepamberi pachikuva. Munzvimbo yekumashure kwechikuva, vanhu vanogona kuita zvinhu vasinganetseki nezvekuonekwa neveruzhinji, kufanana ne "hunhu hwavo hwechokwadi." Semuenzaniso, mudzidzisi anogona kusiya mufananidzo wake wepamutemo muimba yevashandi kana kumba, achitaura zvisina kurongeka uye achiratidza divi rehunhu hwavo risingaonekwe pamberi pevadzidzi vavo.
Mabasa neMapoka
Mudzidziso yedramaturgical, vanhu vanoonekwa sevari kutamba mabasa akawanda muhupenyu hwavo hwese, chimwe nechimwe chinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana ekudyidzana kwevanhu. Goffman akasimbisa kuti, mukutamba mabasa aya, hatizviiti tiri tega. Kazhinji, tiri chikamu che "chikwata" chinoshanda pamwe chete kugadzira nekuchengetedza chiitiko chakati. Chikwata ichi chinowanzova nevanhu vane chinangwa chimwe chete kana kufarira kuita kwakapihwa.
Semuenzaniso, muresitorendi, vashandi vese vanoshanda pamwe chete kuti vape mukana wekudya unofadza kune vatengi. Vabiki, vabiki, nevatungamiriri mumwe nemumwe ane mabasa ake, asi vanofanira kushanda pamwe chete kuti varambe vaine chimiro chehunyanzvi uye sevhisi yakanaka inotarisirwa nevatengi.
Kutarisira Kuratidzwa Kwemifananidzo
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha mudzidziso yedramaturgical ipfungwa ye "kudzora mafungiro." Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo vanhu vanotonga maonerwo avanoitwa nevamwe. Inosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira nekushandura maonero evamwe. Nzira idzi dzinogona kusanganisira kudzora chitarisiko chechiso, masaini, kusarudza mazwi, zvipfeko, uye kunyange kushandisa zvimwe zvinhu kana nzvimbo.
Goffman akasimbisa kuti kugadzirisa mafungiro evanhu inzira inoitwa nepfungwa uye ine hurongwa. Munhu anogona kusarudza mashoko ake nokungwarira kana kugadzirisa chitarisiko chake kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti maonero anogamuchirwa nevamwe anoenderana nezvaanotarisira nezvaanoda. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekubvunzurudzwa kwebasa, munhu anenge achikwikwidza anogona kupfeka zvakanaka, kutaura zvine hunhu, uye kuratidza hunhu hwebasa kuti ape maonero akanaka kune anenge achibvunzurudza.
Tsika dzeKutaurirana uye Kusarurana
Goffman akataurawo zvakawanda nezvetsika dzekudyidzana nevamwe uye mashandiro adzo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Akataura kuti kudyidzana kwevanhu kunowanzo tungamirirwa netsika dzakasiyana siyana uye hunhu hunobatsira kuchengetedza kubatana kwevanhu uye kusimbisa hukama pakati pevanhu. Mitemo iyi inogona kusanganisira kukwazisana, maitiro akasiyana-siyana pazviitiko zvepamutemo, kana kunyange maitiro edu pakukurukurirana kwezuva nezuva.
Goffman akaenderera mberi achitaura nezvepfungwa ye'kusarura,' chiratidzo kana hunhu hunodzikisira hunhu hwemunhu munharaunda. Kusarura kunowanzo itika kana munhu akaratidza hunhu kana maitiro akasiyana netsika dzemagariro. Vanhu vanosarura vanofanira kushanda nesimba pakugadzirisa mafungiro avo kuti vaenzanise kana kuderedza kukanganiswa kwerusarura urwu.
Kutsoropodzwa kweDramaturgical Theory
Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso yaGoffman yedramaturgical ichipa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekudyidzana kwevanhu, haina kumbova isina vatsoropodzi vayo. Vamwe vanoti inonyanya kutsunga uye inofuratira zvinhu zverusununguko rwemunhu nesarudzo. Vamwe vanotsoropodza fananidzo yemitambo, iyo inoonekwa seyakanyanyisa, sezvo zvisiri zvese zvehupenyu hwevanhu zvinogona kuenzaniswa nemutambo wemitambo wakarongwa chete.
Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoti dzidziso yaGoffman haitauri zvakawanda nezvemaumbirwo enharaunda, akadai sehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemagariro evanhu izvo zvinoitawo basa rakakosha mukuumba hukama hwevanhu.
Mhedziso
Dzidziso yaErving Goffman yedramaturgical inopa maonero akapfuma uye matsva pamusoro pekuti vanhu vanobatana sei muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Achishandisa fananidzo yemitambo, Goffman anobudirira kuratidza kuti vanhu vanoedza sei kudzora maonerwo avanoitwa nevamwe kuburikidza nemabasa, matanho, uye matekiniki ekugadzirisa mafungiro.
Kunyangwe dzidziso iyi yakatarisana nekutsoropodzwa, kubatsira kwayo pakunzwisisa maitiro evanhu hakurambiki. Dzidziso yedramaturgical inotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani kuoma kwekudyidzana kwevanhu uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopesvedzera mafambiro atinoita hupenyu hwedu hwevanhu. Saka, Goffman akagadzira nzira yekukurukurirana nekutsvaga zvakawanda nezvemagariro evanhu uye hunhu hwevanhu.
