Zvidzidzo zveMagariro evanhu veTsika Dzakakurumbira
Tsika dzakakurumbira ndeimwe yezviitiko zvemagariro evanhu zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Inowanikwa mumimhanzi, mafirimu, nhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni, midhiya yemagariro evanhu, mitambo yepamhepo, mafashoni, uye kunyange memes dzinopararira nekukurumidza paindaneti. Muzvidzidzo zvemagariro evanhu, tsika dzakakurumbira hadzingonzwisiswi sevaraidzo chete, asi senzvimbo yekugadzira zvinoreva, kurwira tsika, kuumbwa kwehunhu, uye kuratidzwa kwekuchinja kwemamiriro emagariro evanhu. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura kuti sociology inoona sei tsika dzakakurumbira, kuti dzinogadzirwa sei uye dzinoshandiswa sei, uye kukanganisa kwayo hukama hwesimba uye simba renharaunda.
Tsika Dzakakurumbira Sechigadzirwa Chemagariro Evanhu
Kubva pamaonero emagariro evanhu, tsika ndiyo nzira dzese dzehupenyu dzakadzidzwa uye dzakagarwa nhaka, dzinosanganisira tsika, tsika, zviratidzo, uye tsika dzemagariro evanhu. Tsika dzakakurumbira chikamu chetsika iyi yakakura, asi ine hunhu hwakasiyana: inogadzirwa kune vateereri vakawanda, inowanikwa nyore nyore, uye inowanzo tenderera kuburikidza nenhau dzakawanda uye mapuratifomu edhijitari. Zvainofarira ndezve "vanhu vazhinji," asi hazvina kufanana. Zvinoonekwa sezvakakurumbira zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekirasi yemagariro evanhu, chizvarwa, dunhu, uye kunyange nharaunda dzepamhepo.
Sociology inoona tsika dzakakurumbira sechigadzirwa chemagariro evanhu nekuti inobva mukudyidzana kwevatambi vakasiyana-siyana: indasitiri yekugadzira, vezvenhau, dunhu, guta guru, nharaunda dzevateveri, uye vanhu vanogadzira nekuparadzira zvirimo. Semuenzaniso, rwiyo rwunopararira paTikTok harusi mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwevaimbi chete, asiwo pesvedzero yemaalgorithms, maitiro evashandisi, nzira dzekushambadzira, uye tsika yekutora chikamu kwevashandisi vepaindaneti.
Maonero Edzidziso: Kubva Kumaindasitiri Etsika Kusvika Pakugadzirwa Kwezvinoreva
Imwe nzira yekare ndeyekutsoropodza kweFrankfurt School "indasitiri yetsika" (Adorno naHorkheimer). Vanoona tsika dzakakurumbira sechinhu chinogadzirwa kuti chiwane purofiti, kazhinji vachienzanisa zvinodiwa uye vachiita kuti veruzhinji vasave nehanya. Mumaonero aya, mafirimu, mimhanzi, neterevhizheni zvinogona kushanda sezvishandiso zvinodzivirira kushoropodzwa kwevanhu nekuti vanhu vanobatikana nekushandisa varaidzo pane kugadzirisa chokwadi chekusaenzana.
Zvisinei, maonero aya haasi ega. Zvidzidzo zvetsika, kunyanya izvo zvinobva kuBirmingham School (semuenzaniso, Stuart Hall), zvinosimbisa kuti vateereri havasi vanhu vasina hanya zvachose. Zvavanoreva hazvisi kungo "manikidzwa" nevagadziri; vateereri vanodudzira magwaro etsika zvakasiyana zvichibva pane zvavakasangana nazvo munharaunda. Firimu rimwe chete rinogona kuverengwa sevaraidzo isina kujeka nevamwe, asi sekushoropodzwa kwevanhu munharaunda nevamwe. Saka, tsika dzakakurumbira inzvimbo yekutaurirana nezvezvinoreva.
Uyezve, Pierre Bourdieu anotiyeuchidza kuti zvinodiwa netsika zvakabatana zvikuru neboka revanhu kuburikidza nepfungwa dzetsika netsika. Sarudzo dzekuona, kuteerera mimhanzi, kana mapfekero zvinogona kushanda sezviratidzo zvechinzvimbo, nzira dzekusiyanisa vanhu, kana kunyange nzira dzekufamba. Tsika dzakakurumbira, muchirevo ichi, hadzina divi radzinotsigira: dzakabatana nemaumbirwo emapoka evanhu, dzidzo, uye mukana wekuwana hupfumi.
Midhiya, Tekinoroji, uye Maitiro Ekushandisa Ari Kuchinja
Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana kwakakurumidzisa kupararira kwetsika dzakakurumbira. Kunyange zvazvo terevhizheni neredhiyo zvaimbova nzira huru, mapuratifomu edhijitari ikozvino ave ecosystem inotonga. Maitiro ekushandisa anobatsira zvikuru pakusarudza zviri mukati zvinoonekwa pamapeji ekutanga evashandisi, zvichiita kuti kufarirwa kushoma nezvemhando kana kuravira asi zvakanyanya nezvekuonekwa kunogadzirwa nehurongwa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nguva yedhijitari yakonzera tsika yekutora chikamu: vateveri vanogona kugadzira mifananidzo yevateveri, nyaya dzemafirimu, mavhidhiyo emhinduro, wongororo, uye kunyange mafambiro ekutsigira online. Semuenzaniso, munyika yeK-pop, mafandom anoshandisa simba rekubatana kuti asimudzire nziyo pamusoro pemachati, kuronga macampaign ekutepfenyura, uye kutoita mabasa emagariro evanhu. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kuti kudya tsika dzakakurumbira hakusi kungoitwa nemunhu mumwe chete, asi tsika yemagariro inosanganisira nharaunda, kuzivikanwa, uye kubatana.
Zvisinei, shanduko iyi inomutsawo nyaya itsva: kutengeswa kwedata, kuchengetedzwa kwekutarisa, uye "hutachiona" hunodzikira dzimwe nguva pakukurukura zvakadzama. Zviri mukati zvakagadzirwa kuti zvikwezve vanhu vanodzvanya-dzvanya uye vanoona, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvinokwezva vanhu zvinyanye kupararira kupfuura nharo dzakaoma.
Tsika Dzakakurumbira uye Kuzivikanwa
Sociology inonyanya kutarisisa kuti hunhu hunoumbwa sei kuburikidza netsika. Tsika dzakakurumbira dzinopa zviratidzo nenhoroondo izvo vanhu vanogona kushandisa kuzvitsanangura ivo pachavo: se "mwana we indie," "muteveri weK-drama," "weeb," "mutambi wemitambo," kana "mwana wepanzvimbo." Hunhu uhwu hausi hwekungoda chete, asiwo nzira dzekuvaka pfungwa yekuve wevamwe, kuumba hukama hweushamwari, uye kutaurirana nezvenzvimbo munharaunda.
Kuratidzwa kwevanhu mutsika dzakakurumbira kunoratidzawo kuti ndiani anoonekwa uye kuti vanoratidzwa sei. Mafirimu, kushambadza, nemimhanzi zvinogona kudzokorora mafungiro evanhurume nevanhukadzi, rudzi, kirasi, uye mafungiro evanhukadzi. Semuenzaniso, kuratidzwa kwevanhukadzi vachingogumira pamabasa chaiwo kana mapoka evanhu vashoma sevatambi vechipiri kunogona kusimbisa kusaruramisira kwekufananidzira. Kusiyana neizvi, kuratidzwa kwakawanda kunogona kuvhura nzvimbo dzekuzivikanwa uye kuwedzera fungidziro yevanhu vekusiyana-siyana munharaunda.
Hukama hweSimba: Hutongi neKuramba
Antonio Gramsci akatanga pfungwa yekutonga, kureva kutonga kunoshanda kwete chete kuburikidza nechisimba, asiwo kuburikidza nechibvumirano chemagariro chakavakirwa patsika nepfungwa dzinoonekwa se "dzakajairika." Tsika dzakakurumbira inzira huru yekutonga nekuti dzinoparadzira mamwe mararamiro, mwero werunako, tsananguro dzekubudirira, uye maonero seakajairika.
Semuenzaniso, mitemo yakanaka yemuviri uye mararamiro evatengi anowanzo kurudzirwa kuburikidza nekushambadzira uye vanhu vane simba. Kana mitemo iyi ikagamuchirwa pasina kutsoropodzwa, vanhu vanokurudzirwa kutevera mimwe mifananidzo, kutenga zvimwe zvigadzirwa, uye kuzvitonga zvichibva pamitemo yakagadzirwa nevezvenhau. Zvisinei, tsika dzakakurumbira dzinogonawo kuva nzvimbo yekuramba. Mimhanzi yerap, kusetsa, mafirimu akazvimirira, kana mafambiro ehashtag pasocial media zvinogona kushanda senzira yekutsoropodza kusaenzana, huori, rusaruraganda, kana mhirizhonga inokonzerwa nevanhukadzi.
Kutengeserana, Kutenga Zvinhu Zvisina Basa, uye Tsika
Tsika dzakakurumbira dzakabatana zvikuru nemusika. Mafambiro anochinja nekukurumidza; zvigadzirwa zvetsika zvinova zvinhu; uye kuzivikanwa kunogona kutengeswa. Chiitiko chekutengesa, kushandira pamwe kwemakambani nevanhu vakakurumbira, uye kunyange kutengeswa kwemararamiro kuburikidza ne "vlogs dzezuva nezuva" zvinoratidza kuti miganhu iri pakati pehupenyu hwemunhu nekusimudzira iri kuramba ichidzikira. Kubva pamaonero ehupfumi, izvi zvinoratidza kuwedzera kwepfungwa dzekapitalist munzvimbo dzaimbova dzepachivande: kutariswa, hukama hwevanhu, uye kunyange manzwiro.
Pakati peizvi, mibvunzo yetsika inomuka: indasitiri iyi ine basa rei pakukanganisa kwezviri mukati memagariro evanhu? Vashandi vekugadzira, kubva kuvaimbi kusvika kuvagadziri vezviri mukati, vanodzivirirwa sei? Tsika dzakakurumbira dzinokanganisa sei hutano hwepfungwa, kunyanya kana kusimbiswa kwemagariro evanhu kuchiyerwa mukufarirwa, maonero, uye mashoko? Sociology inobatsira kugadzirisa mibvunzo iyi nekuisa ruzivo rwemunhu mumwe nemumwe mukati mehurongwa hwakakura hwemagariro evanhu.
Tsika Dzakakurumbira muIndonesia: Dzemuno, Dzepasi Rose, uye Dzemhando Yakasiyana
Mumamiriro ezvinhu eIndonesia, tsika dzakakurumbira dzinoratidza kusangana kwepesvedzero yepasi rose uye hunyanzvi hwemuno. Tsika dzeKorea, Japan, nedzekumadokero dzinodyidzana netsika dzemuno, zvichikonzera mhando dzakasiyana: vaimbi vachisanganisa dangdut neEDM, makomedhi achishandisa memes yepasi rose, kana mafirimu achigadzirisa nyaya dzemuno nemaitiro emazuva ano ebhaisikopo.
Uyezve, tsika dzevanhu vemuIndonesia dzinofambawo nemapuratifomu edhijitari, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vematunhu vakwanise kuwana mukurumbira munyika. Zvisinei, mukana wekuwana internet usina kuenzana, mutsauko mukudzidza nedhijitari, uye kuwanda kwesimba rezvenhau zvichiri matambudziko. "Chinhu chakakurumbira" chinowanzo kanganiswa nenzvimbo dzekugadzira tsika, pasinei nemikana iri kuwedzera yekupa masimba ekutonga.
Penutup
Zvidzidzo zvemagariro evanhu nezvetsika dzakakurumbira zvinoisa varaidzo sechinhu chakakomba nekuti inoumba mafungiro edu, manzwiro edu, uye hukama hwedu. Tsika dzakakurumbira ibasa guru rine maitiro evanhu: kugadzirwa nekushandiswa, kutonga uye kuramba, kuumbwa kwehunhu, kutengeserana, uye kurwira chinangwa. Munguva yedhijitari, tsika dzakakurumbira dziri kuchinja nekukurumidza uye dzichiva nesimba guru, zvichiita kuti ongororo yezvemagariro evanhu ive yakakosha pakunzwisisa kukanganisa kwayo pakusaenzana, kumiririrwa, uye kunaka kwehupenyu hweveruzhinji. Nekunzwisisa tsika dzakakurumbira setsika yeveruzhinji, tinogona kuva vatengi vanonyanya kutsoropodza uye vagari - tichikwanisa kunakidzwa nayo, asiwo tichikwanisa kubvunza tsika nemaumbirwo ari kushanda shure kwayo.
