Maitiro Ekugadzira Masipika Asingapindi Mvura Emapiritsi
Kudiwa kwezvishandiso zvemafoni kuri kuwedzera zvinoreva kuti mapiritsi haachashandiswi munzvimbo yebasa chete, asiwo mukicheni, pedyo nedziva rekushambira, panguva yekukambika, uye kunyange pamitambo yekunze. Mamiriro aya anowedzera njodzi yekusangana nemvura inopfachukira, hunyoro hwakawanda, uye guruva. Nokudaro, vagadziri vakatanga kugadzira masipika asingapindi mvura emapiritsi kuti varambe vaine ruzha rwakanaka ukuwo vachidzivirirawo zvikamu zvemagetsi. Zvisinei, "kusapinda mvura" hakusi kungovhara maburi esipika nerabha—maitiro ekugadzira, kusarudza zvinhu, uye maitiro akawanda ekuyedza anosarudza kubudirira kwayo.
Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura maitiro ekugadzira sipika isingapindi mvura yepiritsi, kutanga kubva papfungwa, dhizaini yeacoustic, sarudzo yezvikamu, nzira yekuvhara, kusvika kune bvunzo dzakajairwa dzakadai seIP rating.
1. Sarudza Chinangwa Chekudzivirira: Kuyera IP uye Mamiriro Ekushandisa
Danho rekutanga rinotanga nekugadzira zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira mvura neguruva, zvinowanzozivikanwa seIngress Protection (IP). Semuenzaniso:
– IPX4: haipindi mvura kubva kumativi ese.
– IPX7: hainyure mumvura kusvika pakadzika (kazhinji mita imwe kwemaminitsi makumi matatu).
– IP6X (chikamu cheguruva): inodzivirira guruva zvizere.
Zvinangwa zveIP zvinoona kuoma kwedhizaini. Matauri epiritsi anopa dambudziko rakasiyana nekuti anoda maburi kuti abudise ruzha, nepo mvura neguruva zvichigona kupinda nepaburi iri. Chikwata chevagadziri chinofanira kubvumirana pane chinangwa: kana chinofanira kunge chisingapindi mvura zvakakwana kuti chisatsvedze, kana kuti chisingapindi mvura zvachose kuti chinyudzwe.
2. Dhizaini yeAcoustic: Kuchengetedza Ruzha Rwakajeka Kunyangwe Kana Rwakavharwa Nedziviriro
Kana IP yaonekwa, mainjiniya weacoustical anogadzira sisitimu iyi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ruzha haruna kuipa zvakanyanya. Zvinhu zvakakosha padanho iri zvinosanganisira:
- Vhoriyamu yekamuri reacoustic: nzvimbo iri kumashure kwemutyairi wespeaker inokanganisa bass, ruzha, uye kukanganiswa.
– Nzvimbo yegrill uye chimiro: Buri rinoburitsa ruzha pamuviri wepiritsi rinofanira kugadziriswa kuitira kuti risachengete mvura zviri nyore, risavharwe nevhu nyore nyore, uye rinoderedza kuvhunduka kwemhepo.
– Sarudzo yetekinoroji yekudzivirira: mamwe mapiritsi anoshandisa acoustic membrane isingapindi mvura, mamwe anoshandisa nzira ye labyrinth kuti zviomere mvura kupinda.
Padanho iri, masimulation (achishandisa software yeacoustic) uye ma prototype ekutanga anoitwawo kuti vaongorore mutsauko mu frequency response uye sound pressure level (SPL).
3. Kusarudza Zvikamu zveSpeaker Zvakakodzera
Maspika epatablet anowanzo shandisa madhiraivha madiki (maspika madiki) ayo anofanira kunge achiri kukwanisa kuburitsa ruzha rwakajeka munzvimbo diki. Kune mamwe mavhezheni asingapindi mvura, kusarudza zvikamu kwakaoma:
1. Mutyairi wespika
Madhiraivha anosarudzwa zvichienderana nekushanda zvakanaka, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuramba hunyoro. Zvimwe zvikamu zvinoputirwa nependi yekudzivirira ngura pazvikamu zvesimbi, uye zvinonamira zvinoshandiswa zvinogara zvakagadzikana kana tembiricha yachinja.
2. Zvinobatanidza uye tambo dzinochinjika (FPC/FFC)
Nzira yekubatanidza inofanira kunge inodzivirira ngura uye inodzivirira kupfupika nekuda kwekuoma kwemhepo. Zvinhu, kuputira, uye dhizaini yenzira yePCB iri pedyo nespika zvinotariswa zvakanyanya.
3. Kunamira uye chisimbiso
Iyi i "nzira huru" mukudzivirira mvura. Inowanzoshandiswa:
– Silicone sealant inochinjika uye inodzivisa mvura.
– Epoxy yekubatana kwakasimba, asi yakaoma uye inonzwa kupisa kwakanyanya.
– Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) itepi yakakosha yekuvhara nekukurumidza uye nguva dzose.
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunoitwa nekutarisa nguva yebasa, tembiricha yekushanda, kusvibiswa kweUV (kwekushandisa panze), uye kuenderana nepurasitiki kana simbi pafuremu yepiritsi.
4. Acoustic Membrane isingapindi mvura: Kiyi huru munzvimbo yeSpeaker Hole
Imwe yenzira dzakajairika ndeyekuisa acoustic membrane isingapindi mvura (inowanzogadzirwa ne ePTFE kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana). Iyi membrane inoshanda se "firita":
– Mhepo nemafungu eruzha zvinogona kupfuura nepakati.
– Mvura yemvura, guruva rakatsetseka nezvimwe zvinhu zvinochengetwa.
Hunhu hweMembrane hunoongororwa zvichibva pane zvakati wandei:
– Kumanikidzwa kwemvura kupinda (kumanikidzwa kwemvura kwakanyanya usati wapinda).
– Kufamba kwemhepo (kunonoka kwekufamba kwemhepo kuchengetedza kunaka kweruzha).
– Kurasikirwa nekutumira (kuti ruzha rwakawanda sei runodziviswa nemembrane).
Panguva yekugadzirwa, membrane inonamirwa nechinamira chakanyatsogadzirwa. Kunyangwe kusarongeka kudiki kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura pamativi akati wandei kana kuderedza kunaka kwenzwi nekuda kwekuvharika kwechikamu.
5. Kugadzirwa kweMichina: Nzira yeLabyrinth, Gasket, uye Drain Path
Pamusoro pema membrane, mapoka emakanika anowanzo wedzera zvinhu zvemuviri kuderedza njodzi yekupinda kwemvura:
– Nzira yeLabyrinth: mugero unomonereka usati wasvika panzvimbo ine chikamu chinonzwa. Mvura inopinda inodziviswa kana kurasikirwa nesimba, zvichiita kuti zviome kusvika mukati.
– Gasket rerabha: rin'i yerabha kana gasket refuro rekuvhara mukaha uri pakati pemodule yespika neimba yepiritsi.
– Nzira yekudhonza mvura: nzira yekudhonza mvura kuitira kuti mvura yapinda munzvimbo yegrill ikwanise kubuda zvakare uye isamire.
Dhizaini iyi inofanira kunge yakaenzana: kuvharwa kwakasimba asi kwete kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya pamutyairi, nekuti kumanikidzwa kwemuchina kunogona kuwedzera kukanganisa kweruzha kana kukonzera kuti zvikamu zvikurumidze kupera.
6. Maitiro Ekugadzira Pamutsetse Wekugadzira
Munguva yekugadzira, maitiro ekugadzira maspika asingapindi mvura anodzorwa zvakasimba, sezvo shanduko diki dzinogona kukonzera kutadza kweIP. Kuyerera kwacho kwakafanana neizvi:
1. Kugadzirira pekugara uye kuchenesa nzvimbo yekubata
Pamusoro payo panofanira kunge pasina guruva, mafuta, uye zvasara kuti inamire zvakanaka. Vagadziri vazhinji vanoshandisa maionizer kana mhepo yakachena yakamanikidzwa.
2. Kuiswa kwe acoustic membrane
Kamudzira kanoiswa uchishandisa jig chaiyo. Kumanikidzwa kwekushandisa uye nguva yekupora zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa.
3. Kuisa dhiraivha kune module yespika
Mutyairi wacho wakaiswa pabhuraketi kana kuti acoustic chamber. Chisimbiso chinoiswa panzvimbo dzakatarwa kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura.
4. Kuisa gasket nekuvhara imba yacho
Chikamu ichi chakakosha pakudzivirira mvura uye kugadzikana kwechimiro. Michina yekukurura inowanzo shandisa torque controls kudzivirira kusimba zvakanyanya kana kusunungura zvakanyanya.
5. Kuongorora hunhu pakati pekuita
Mamwe mafekitori anoita ongororo yekuona, kutarisa nzvimbo yeganda, uye kuyera mipata kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hapana mipata inogona kudonha.
7. Kuyedzwa Kwekudonha Kwemvura uye Kuyedzwa Kwemanzwi
Tablet isati yaziviswa kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa, module yespeaker inopinda mumiedzo yakatevedzana:
- Kuyedzwa kwekubuda kwemhepo (kuora kwepressure/kuyedzwa kwevacuum)
Module kana kuti mudziyo wacho unomanikidzwa kana kuti unobviswa vacuum. Kuchinja-chinja kwekumanikidzwa kunoratidza kuti panenge pabuda mvura.
- Kuedza kupfapfaidza kana kunyudza mvura zvichienderana neIP chinangwa
Kune IPX4, kupfapfaidza kunoitwa nekona yakatarwa; kune IPX7, kunyudza kunoitwa pakadzika uye kwenguva yakatarwa.
- Kuedza kweacoustic
Inoyera frequency response, total harmonic distortion (THD), uye SPL. Ma membrane asingapindi mvura anowanzo wedzera acoustic resistance, saka audio tuning (EQ neDSP) inowanzo gadziriswa kuti itsive kurasikirwa uku.
- Kuedza kwekudzivirira zvakatipoteredza
Kusanganisira kuyedzwa kwehunyoro hwakawanda, kushanduka kwekupisa, uye kuyedzwa kwekuora kwemunyu kuti zvifanotaura mashandiro enguva refu.
8. Kuenzanisa DSP: Kuenzanisa Hunhu hweRuzha Mushure meDziviriro Yakawedzerwa
Kana nzira dze membrane ne labyrinthine dzawedzerwa, hunhu hweruzha hunochinja. Kuti vagadziri varambe vachiona zviri kuitika mushandisi, vanogadzirisa zvinotevera:
- Kuenzanisa (EQ) kukwidza ma frequency akaderedzwa.
– Kudzora ruzha rwemagetsi kuitira kuti masipika madiki asapwanyike zviri nyore kana paine ruzha rwakawanda.
- Nzira yekudzivirira kudzivirira kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemvura zvichikonzera shanduko dzenguva pfupi dzeimpedance kana nekuda kwekusanzwisisika kwesimba.
Kuongororwa uku kunowanzoitwa nekuyera mukamuri remaacoustic (anechoic/semi-anechoic) uye wozoedzazve mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.
9. Matambudziko Akakosha Nezvikanganiso Zvekudzivirira
Mamwe matambudziko anowanzo buda mukugadzira masipika asingapindi mvura emapiritsi anosanganisira:
– Namatira haina kuenzana saka pane mipata midiki.
– Kamudzira kakapetwa zvishoma kana kuti kakavharwa zvishoma izvo zvinoderedza kuburitswa kweruzha.
– Gasket yakadzvanywa uye haina kugara zvakanaka.
- Dhizaini yegrill yakanyanya kuomarara zvekuti mvura "inonamira" nyore nyore uye inovhara ruzha.
– Kunyorova kwemukati nekuda kwekuchinja kwetembiricha, kunyangwe mudziyo usina kunyudzwa mumvura.
Saka, pamusoro pekudzivirira mvura, kutonga kwemvura inopfungaira uye kuenzana kwedzvinyiriro dzimwe nguva zvinofungwawo.
Penutup
Maitiro ekugadzira masipika asingapindi mvura emapiritsi musanganiswa wakaoma weinjiniya yeacoustic, dhizaini yemakanika, sarudzo yezvinhu, matekiniki ekuvhara, uye kuyedzwa kwakajairwa. Chinangwa hachisi chekungoita kuti tablet "isapinda mvura," asiwo kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzha rwakanyanya, rwakajeka, uye runogara kwenguva refu pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Nema membrane eacoustic akasarudzika, magaskets akanyatsojeka, nzira dze labyrinthine, uye kudzora kwakasimba kwekugadzira, vagadziri vanogona kupa mapiritsi akasimba vasina kukanganisa kunaka kweaudio.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nemaitiro ehunyanzvi (emishumo yeinjiniya) kana akakurumbira (emablog akajairika), kusanganisira kuwedzera madhayagiramu emafambiro ebasa uye runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa.
