Nhoroondo Yekare yeSamurai neBushido Code
Pendauluan
VaSamurai vaiva varwi vepamusoro vekuJapan avo vakararama kubva muzana remakore rechi8 kusvika rechi19. Vaizivikanwa kwete chete nehunyanzvi hwavo mukurwa asiwo nemutemo wavo wakasimba wekuzvibata, unozivikanwa saBushido. Bushido, zvinoreva kuti "Nzira yeMurwi," yaive seti yemitemo netsika dzaitonga zvese zvehupenyu hwevaSamurai. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora nhoroondo refu yevaSamurai nemutemo wekuzvibata wavaitevedzera.
Kwakabva Samurai
Izwi rekuti "samurai" rinobva pashoko rekuti "saburau," rinoreva "kushandira." Pakutanga, samurai vaive boka revarwi raive nebasa rekuchengetedza varidzi veminda nevakuru vakuru munguva yeHeian (794-1185). Kukura kwesimba resamurai kwakava pachena munguva iyi, sezvo mapoka makuru akadai saTaira naMinamoto akarwira simba.
Pakupera kwenguva yeHeian, mhuri yeMinamoto yakakunda mhuri yeTaira zvakabudirira mune zvakazozivikanwa seHondo yeGenpei (1180–1185), iyo yakazosimbisa chinzvimbo chevaSamurai muhurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hweJapan. Munguva yeKamakura (1185–1333), vaSamurai vakava simba guru muhurumende mushure mekunge Minamoto no Yoritomo yatanga Kamakura Shogunate muna 1192.
Kodhi yeBushido
Bushido harisi gwaro repamutemo rakagadzirwa panguva yakatarwa, asi seti yetsika dzakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Bushido inosanganisira misimboti yakaita sekuvimbika, ushingi, tsitsi, ruremekedzo, kuvimbika, rukudzo, uye kuvimbika. Pamwero wezvemweya, Bushido inosanganisirawo tsika nepfungwa dzeZen Buddhism pamwe nepesvedzero inobva kuShinto neConfucianism.
1. Gi (Kutendeseka uye Kururamisira)
VaSamurai vanofanira kugara vakatendeseka uye vakarurama, muzviito zvavo nepfungwa dzavo. Chokwadi ndicho hwaro hwezvisarudzo zvese.
2. Yu (Ushingi)
Ushingi hunotaurwa muna Bushido hunosanganisira ushingi hwetsika nehwemuviri. Samurai aidiwa kwete chete kuti ave neushingi muhondo, asiwo kuti ave neushingi mukutarisana nematambudziko akaoma.
3. Jin (Tsitsi)
Nesimba guru, samurai anofanira kuva netsitsi uye kushandisa simba rake kudzivirira avo vasina simba.
4. Rei (Respect)
VaSamurai vaigara vachitarisirwa kuratidza ruremekedzo kushamwari dzavo, vari pasi pavo, nevavengi vavo. Ruremekedzo rwaive chinhu chakakosha pakudyidzana kwevanhu.
5. Makoto (Kutendeseka uye Kutendeseka)
Shoko rega rega raitaurwa naSamurai raifanira kuvimbwa naro. Vaifanira kuzvipira kuzadzisa zvavakavimbisa nekuvimbika kwakazara.
6. Meiyo (Mukurumbira)
Rukudzo inhungamiro yesamurai. Kurasikirwa narwo zvinoreva kurasikirwa nezvose, saka chiito chega chega nechisarudzo zvinofanira kugara zvichibva parukudzo.
7. Chugi (Kuvimbika)
Kuvimbika kusingazununguki kuna ishe wavo kwaive chinhu chakakosha muhupenyu hwemuSamurai. Kuvimbika uku kwakasvika kumhuri neshamwari dzavo.
Kubwinya uye Kuchinja kweSamurai
Nguva yekubudirira kwevaSamurai yakaitika munguva yeMuromachi (1336–1573) uye munguva yeSengoku (1467–1615). Iyi yaive nguva apo mapoka evaSamurai aive nesimba uye hondo dzemadzinza dzaive dzakajairika. Munguva iyi, pfuti dzakaunzwa kuJapan nevatengesi vechiPutukezi, izvo zvakakanganisa maitiro ehondo echinyakare evaSamurai, ayo ainyanya kuvimba neminondo (katanas) neuta.
Muna 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu akabudirira kubatanidza Japan ndokutanga Tokugawa Shogunate, iyo yakagara kusvika muna 1868. Munguva iyi yeEdo, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vachiri nechinzvimbo chepamusoro munharaunda, basa remauto remasamurai rakaderedzwa nekuti nguva yacho yakanga yakadzikama uye isina kurwisana kwakawanda.
Samurai Munguva Dzemazuva Ano
Nguva yeEdo yakapera neMeiji Restoration muna 1868, iyo yakabvisa Japan kubva kuhufeudalism kuenda kunguva yemazuva ano. Meiji Restoration yakaunza shanduko dzakawanda, kusanganisira kubviswa kwehurongwa hwemapoka hwakaderedza chinzvimbo nebasa resamurai. Hondo yenyika yeJapan yakagadzwa, ichitsiva samurai seuto guru rekudzivirira.
Kunyangwe basa reSamurai munharaunda radzikira, tsika dzaBushido dzichiripo uye dzakanaka, dzichiva chikamu chetsika dzebasa netsika dzechiJapan. Pfungwa dzakadai sekuvimbika, rukudzo, uye kuvimbika, dzakatorwa kubva kuBushido, dzichiri kukosheswa zvikuru muhutongi hwemazuva ano hweJapan uye maitiro ebhizinesi.
Simba reSamurai patsika dzakakurumbira
Samurai naBushido vakapesvedzera zvikuru tsika dzevanhu, kwete muJapan chete asiwo pasi rose. Samurai yave iri nyaya yemabhuku akawanda, mafirimu, uye hunyanzvi. Mifananidzo yesamurai inowanzo sanganisira zviitiko zvikuru zvinosanganisa hunyanzvi hwehondo nematambudziko akaomarara etsika, zvichisimbisa misimboti yaBushido.
Mafirimu akaita se "The Last Samurai," uye mabasa aAkira Kurosawa akadai se "Seven Samurai" uye "Yojimbo" akaunza runako netsika dzevaSamurai kune vateereri vepasi rose. Kunyangwe mutsika dzekuMadokero, pfungwa yemurwi inowanzo shandiswa seyaBushido.
Mhedziso
Nhoroondo yemasamurai neBushido code zvikamu zvakakosha munhoroondo netsika dzeJapan. MaSamurai aisangova varwi vane hunyanzvi muhondo chete asiwo vanhu vairarama netsika dzakasimba. Bushido code inopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro petsika dzebasa, rukudzo, uye tsika dzinopfuura nguva nenzvimbo.
VaSamurai vakapera kare kare, asi mweya wavo netsika dzavaitsigira zvichiripo, zvichikurudzira muJapan nepasi rese. Nhaka yevaSamurai naBushido inotiyeuchidza nezvekukosha kwekurarama hupenyu nekuvimbika, ushingi, uye ruremekedzo.
