Basa raSoedirman muHondo yeIndonesia yeKuzvimirira
Indonesia, chitsuwa chakapfuma mutsika nezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, yakawana rusununguko musi wa17 Nyamavhuvhu, 1945. Kuziviswa kwerusununguko, kwakaverengwa naSukarno naMohammad Hatta, kwakaratidza chitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yeIndonesia, sezvo nyika yakazvisunungura kubva muhudzvanyiriri hwehudzvanyiriri. Zvisinei, rusununguko urwu haruna kuuya nyore; rwakawanikwa kuburikidza nekurwira kwenguva refu uye kuzvipira. Mumwe wevanhu vakaita basa rakakosha muhondo yerusununguko yeIndonesia aive General Sudirman.
General Sudirman akaberekwa musi wa24 Ndira 1916, muBodas Karawang, Purbalingga Regency, Central Java. Achibva mumhuri yakaderera, Sudirman akasangana nematambudziko muhudiki hwake. Pasinei neizvi, aizivikanwa semudzidzi akazvipira uye akasimba. Hunhu hwaSudirman hwakasimba uye kuzvibata kwakatanga kukura paakadzidza kuTaman Siswa, chikoro chakavambwa naKi Hadjar Dewantara.
Kubva achiri mudiki, Soedirman aifarira zvechiuto. Kufarira uku kwakawedzera kusimba apo Japan yakatora Indonesia muna 1942. Akabatana neHomeland Defenders Army (PETA), sangano remauto rakaumbwa neJapan raive nechinangwa chekubatsira kudzivirira kweJapan kuSoutheast Asia. Mukati mePETA, Soedirman akaratidza hunyanzvi hwechiuto hwakasiyana, achikurumidza kukwira kuburikidza nemasimba uye achiwana kuvimba nevatungamiriri vePETA.
Mushure mekuziviswa kwekuzvitonga kweIndonesia, Soedirman akagadzwa kuva Mutungamiriri weV Banyumas Division uye akazosarudzwa kuva Mutungamiriri Mukuru weIndonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) musi wa12 Mbudzi 1945. Kugadzwa kwaSoedirman seMutungamiriri Mukuru kwaive chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo mukuedza kudzivirira kuzvitonga kweIndonesia kubva mukutyisidzirwa nekudzoka kwehutongi hweDutch.
Basa raSudirman muhondo yerusununguko hariparadzaniswi nehondo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaitika muIndonesia yese. Imwe yehondo dzakakosha dzakatungamirwa naSudirman yaive Hondo yeAmbarawa muna Zvita 1945. Hondo iyi yakaitika mushure mekunge mauto eAllied ari pasi pehutungamiriri hweBritain, aine chinangwa chekutorera zvombo mauto eJapan muIndonesia, akauya nemauto eDutch (NICA) aida kutorazve kutonga kweIndonesia.
Mauto eIndonesia aitungamirirwa naSudirman akakunda mauto eDutch muAmbarawa ndokuvamanikidza kudzokera shure. Kubudirira uku muHondo yeAmbarawa kwakaratidza ushingi hwaSudirman uye kugona kwake kurwisa. Achishandisa nzira dzehondo dzemagandanga, Sudirman akakwanisa kukunda mauto evavengi aive nezvombo zvakawanda.
Zvisinei, hondo yerusununguko haina kugumira ipapo. Muna 1947, maDutch akatanga kurwisa kwavo kwekutanga kwehondo, kwaizivikanwa se "Operatie Product." Chinangwa chikuru chebasa iri kwaive kutorazve nzvimbo dzaimbotongwa neRepublic of Indonesia. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma aya, Soedirman akaratidzazve hutungamiriri hwake hunoshamisa.
Kunyangwe hutano hwake hwakanga huchidzikira nekuda kwechirwere cheTB, Soedirman akasarudza kuenda kuhondo ndokutungamira kurwisa. Kusachinjika kwake nekuzvipira kwake zvakaratidza kurwa kwake kwakasimba uye rudo rwake rukuru kunyika yake. Soedirman akaronga mauto ake kuti aite hondo yemagandanga, nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekumisa kufambira mberi kweDutch. Nekugona kwake kushandisa nzvimbo yacho uye rutsigiro rwakazara rwevanhu, Soedirman nemauto ake vakabudirira kudzivirira kufambira mberi kweDutch uye kudzivirira nzvimbo dzakakosha.
Musi wa19 Zvita 1948, maDutch akatanga Hondo yavo Yechipiri Yemauto, inowanzonzi "Operatie Kraai." Panguva iyoyo, Yogyakarta, guta guru reRepublic of Indonesia kwenguva pfupi, raive pasi pehutongi hweDutch. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, Soedirman akasarudza kutizira mukati menyika ndokuramba achirwisa kuburikidza nehondo yemagandanga. Pasinei nehutano hwake hwakanga huchiderera, mweya wekurwa waSoedirman wakaramba usingazununguki. Akarwa hondo yemagandanga nemauto ake mukati meJava kwemwedzi yakati wandei, achidzivisa kudzingirirwa neDutch uye achiramba achiendesa mashoko ehondo kuvanhu veIndonesia.
Sudirman akaratidza kuti hondo dzechivanhu dzakanga dzisiriyo nzira yega yekurwisa murwi nezvombo zvepamusoro uye zvinhu zvekushandisa. Hondo yake yehondo yegandanga yakabudirira zvikuru mukuchengetedza rusununguko rweIndonesia. Kuburikidza nehondo yegandanga, Sudirman akabudirira kukurudzira mweya wekupikisa pakati pevanhu veIndonesia nemauto munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Kupfuura zvechiuto, Sudirman akaitawo basa guru mukukurukurirana. Kuramba kwake kwakasimba kwakapesvedzera zvakanyanya kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kwevatungamiriri verepublic. Kumanikidzwa kwenyika dzepasi rose kuNetherlands kwakawedzera, zvikaita kuti pave nehurukuro dzakatsigira Indonesia, dzakadai seRenville Agreement neRound Table Conference.
Kubudirira kwehurongwa hwaSudirman hwekurwa nemagandanga kwakabatana zvikuru nekukwanisa kwake kukurudzira nekukurudzira mauto nevanhu vekuIndonesia. Aisangova mutungamiriri wemauto ane simba chete, asiwo mutungamiriri ari pedyo nevanhu vake. Hunhu hwaSudirman hwakapfava, hunyoro, uye hwechokwadi hwakamuita kuti aremekedzwe nemauto nevanhu vekuIndonesia.
Musi wa29 Ndira 1950, Soedirman akafa aine makore makumi matatu nemana. Pasinei neizvi, kurwira kwake nenhaka yake zvichiripo. Anoremekedzwa segamba renyika uye anoyeukwa nemabasa ake ekurwira nekudzivirira rusununguko rweIndonesia. Zita raSoedirman rinozivikanwawo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai semazita emigwagwa, zvifananidzo, uye Zvivako zveMagamba mumaguta akasiyana-siyana muIndonesia.
Basa raSudirman muHondo yeKuzvitonga yeIndonesia raive rakakosha uye raikurudzira. Kuburikidza nekuzvipira kwake, ushingi, uye hungwaru muhurongwa hwemauto, akabudirira kutungamira kurwisa vakoloni vechiDutch uye akadzivirira kuzvitonga kweIndonesia. Sudirman aizivikanwa kwete semukuru wemauto ane simba chete, asiwo sechiratidzo chemweya wekurwa uye kutendeseka mukurwira kuzvitonga. Pfungwa nezviito zvaSudirman zvichiri kukosha nanhasi sechiratidzo chehunhu hwehutungamiriri, rudo rwenyika, uye rudo rwenyika, izvo zvakakosha kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
