Kugadzirwa uye Nhoroondo yeStatue of Liberty
Chifananidzo cheRusununguko, chinowanzozivikanwa se "Rusununguko Runojekesa Nyika," ndechimwe chezviratidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose. Chakamira zvakanaka paLiberty Island muNew York Harbor, USA, chave chiratidzo cherusununguko, tariro, uye mukana kune mamiriyoni anochiona. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura nhoroondo nekusikwa kweChifananidzo cheRusununguko, pamwe chete nerevo yaro yakadzama uye pesvedzero.
Nhoroondo yeChifananidzo cheRusununguko
Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chakapihwa vanhu vekuFrance kuUnited States, vachiyeuka makore zana ekuzvitonga kweAmerica uye vachipemberera hushamwari pakati penyika mbiri idzi. Pfungwa iyi yakatanga kutaurwa naÉdouard René de Laboulaye, nyanzvi yezvemitemo yeFrance uye nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika, uyo akafungidzira chipo ichi sechiratidzo chehushamwari nekuzvipira kutsika dzerusununguko nedemocracy zvinotsigirwa nenyika mbiri idzi.
Chirongwa ichi chakatanga muna 1865, makore masere chaiwo mushure mekupera kweHondo yeVanhu vekuAmerica, apo Laboulaye akapa pfungwa iyi kumuvezi wemifananidzo wekuFrance ane mukurumbira Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi. Bartholdi akabvuma kutungamira chirongwa ichi ndokutanga kugadzira chifananidzo chaizova chimwe chezviyeuchidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa pasi rose.
Kugadzirwa kweChifananidzo cheRusununguko
Kugadzira uye Kuunganidza Mari
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi akagadzira chifananidzo ichi chinoratidza mukadzi akapfeka nguo yemazuva ano, ruoko rwake rwerudyi rwakabata mwenje unopfuta sechiratidzo chekujekeswa uye ruoko rwake rweruboshwe rwakabata piritsi rakanyorwa kuti “CHIKUMBU IV MDCCLXXVI” (Chikunguru 4, 1776), zuva rekupemberera kuzvitonga kweUnited States. Patsoka dzechifananidzo pane cheni dzakatyoka, zvichiratidza rusununguko kubva muuranda nehudzvinyiriri.
Kuti chiono ichi chikuru chizadziswe, mari yakawanda yaidiwa. MuFrance, mari yaiunganidzwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemipiro yemunhu oga, marotari, uye mashoo eunyanzvi. Panguva iyi, muUnited States, mabasa ekutsvaga mari aisanganisira mushandirapamwe wemagazini yaJoseph Pulitzer inonzi "New York World" ichikurudzira maAmerican kuti vape mupiro kuchirongwa ichi chikuru.
Kugadzira nekuvaka muFrance
Kuvakwa kwechifananidzo ichi kwakatanga muFrance muna 1875 uye kwakapedzwa muna 1884. Chakaumbwa nemachira ebhuronzi akaumbwa ndokuiswa pafuremu yesimbi yakagadzirwa naGustave Eiffel, akazozivikanwa neshongwe ine zita rake muParis. Unyanzvi hutsva hwaEiffel hwakaita kuti chifananidzo ichi chigare chakasimba uye chitsungirire mhepo ine simba nemamiriro ekunze akaoma.
Pakupera, chifananidzo ichi chakapwanywa kuita zvidimbu 350 zvakasiyana ndokuiswa mumabhokisi 214 kuti chitumirwe kuAmerica. Rwendo urwu rurefu rwakaitwa negungwa, uye rwakasvika kuNew York Harbor musi wa17 Chikumi 1885.
Kuvaka muUnited States
MuUnited States, kuvakwa kwehwaro hwechifananidzo kwakaenderera mberi panguva imwe chete nekuvakwa kwacho muFrance. Mari yehwaro hukuru uhwu yakaunganidzwawo kuburikidza nezvipo zveveruzhinji. Mugadziri wezvivakwa wekuAmerica Richard Morris Hunt akagadzira hwaro hwegranite hwakareba mamita makumi mana nemanomwe hunotsigira chifananidzo chebhuronzi.
Mushure mekusvika kuAmerica, zvikamu zvechifananidzo chacho zvakaunganidzwa pamwe chete. Izvi zvakatora mwedzi inenge mina, uye pakupedzisira, musi wa28 Gumiguru, 1886, Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chakavhurwa naMutungamiri Grover Cleveland mumutambo mukuru pamberi pezviuru zvevanhu.
Zvinoreva uye Simba reStatue of Liberty
Chifananidzo cheRusununguko hachisi chipo chehurumende chete, asiwo chiratidzo cherusununguko nekugamuchirwa. Kubva pakagadzwa, chifananidzo ichi chave chiri chiratidzo chevatorwa vanopinda muUnited States kuburikidza neEllis Island. Vatorwa vazhinji vanoona kuona kwavo kwekutanga Chifananidzo cheRusununguko sechiratidzo chetariro nekutanga kutsva munyika inovimbisa rusununguko.
Chifananidzo ichi chinodawo misimboti yedemokrasi uye kuramba kudzvinyirirwa nehudzvanyiriri. Mashoko akanyorwa pahwendefa nechifananidzo chakabatidzwa nemwenje, chakavhenekerwa husiku, zvave chiratidzo chinozivikanwa chepfungwa dzakatsigirwa nevakatanga United States.
Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chakashandawo senzvimbo yekumirira kodzero dzevanhu dzakasiyana-siyana uye mafambiro evanhu muUnited States. Semuenzaniso, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, chaishandiswa mumakwikwi ekuda kodzero dzevakadzi. Saizvozvowo, munguva yeHondo Yenyika II neCold War, chifananidzo ichi chakava chiratidzo chekurwisana nehutongi hwechisimba uye kupararira kwedemocracy yerusununguko.
Kunze kwekuva chiratidzo chezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu, Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chinhu chetsika, chinoratidzwa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana eunyanzvi, mabhuku, mafirimu, nemimhanzi. Vanyori nevanyori vazhinji, vakafuridzirwa nekunaka kwacho uye zvazvinoreva zvakadzama, vakatsanangura chifananidzo ichi sechiratidzo cherusununguko nekugadzira.
Kugadziriswa uye Kuvandudzwa kweStatue of Liberty
Nekufamba kwenguva, Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chakagadziriswazve uye chakaitwa mapurojekiti akati wandei ekuchengetedza kuti chive chakareba uye chakanaka. Chimwe chezvakagadziriswa zvakanyanya chakaitika kubva muna 1984 kusvika 1986, nguva pfupi chifananidzo chisati chasvitsa makore zana. Munguva yekugadziriswa uku, furemu yesimbi yechifananidzo yakatsiviwa nefuremu itsva, inodzivirira ngura, tochi yekutanga yakabatidzwazve neimwe itsva, yakajeka, uye zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka zvakaitwa.
Muna 2011, Liberty Island neStatue of Liberty zvakagadziriswa kuti zvivandudze ruzivo rwevashanyi uye kusimbisa chivakwa chacho. Kuvandudzwa uku kwaisanganisira kuvandudzwa kwekusvikika nekuchengetedzeka, pamwe nekuvhurwazve korona yechifananidzo kune veruzhinji.
Mhedziso
Chifananidzo cheRusununguko hachisi kungova basa guru reunyanzvi; chinopa meseji yakadzama yerusununguko, tariro, uye kurwira kwevanhu kuti vawane tsika dzakakwirira. Kubva pakusikwa kwacho, kushandira pamwe kwakasimba pakati penyika mbiri huru, kusvika pabasa rayo sechiratidzo chinovhenekera nzira yeavo vari kutsvaga hupenyu huri nani, chifananidzo ichi chinoramba chiri chiedza mumoyo yevakawanda. Kuburikidza nenguva nekuchinja, Chifananidzo cheRusununguko chinoramba chichikurudzira nyika neshoko rayo rerusununguko neushingi, zvichiita kuti ive chimwe chezviyeuchidzo zvinoremekedzwa uye zvinozivikanwa pasi rose.
