Kukurukurirana Kwakazara kweHondo Yemashoko
Hondo Yemashoko yaive imwe yenguva dzinonakidza uye dzakaoma munhoroondo yemazuva ano. Izwi iri rinoreva nguva yekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika nehondo mushure meHondo Yenyika II, kubva muna 1947 kusvika 1991, pakati pemapoka maviri makuru epasi rose: Western Bloc inotungamirwa neUnited States neEastern Bloc inotungamirwa neSoviet Union. Kunyangwe kusawirirana uku kuchiwanzonzi "hondo," kusawirirana kwemauto zvakananga pakati pemasimba maviri aya makuru kwaive kushoma. Pane kudaro, vaiita makwikwi akasiyana-siyana ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi, uye epfungwa, pamwe nemakwikwi ezvombo akaomarara.
Nhoroondo Yekare
Mavambo eHondo Yemashoko akabatana zvikuru nemigumisiro yeHondo Yenyika II. Mushure mekukunda kweAllied, pakanga paine tariro yenyika ine rugare. Zvisinei, chokwadi chezvematongerwo enyika chakakurumidza kuratidza kuti Soviet Union neUnited States dzaive nemaonero akasiyana kwazvo ekuti nyika inofanira kutongwa sei. Soviet Union, yakavakirwa padzidziso dzechikomunisti, yakatsvaga kupararira kwesocialism senzira yekuwana nzanga isina kirasi. Kusiyana neizvi, United States yaitsigira rusununguko rwehupfumi nedemocracy, ichitsigira capitalism nekodzero dzemunhu.
Pfungwa Dzinopesana
Kusiyana uku kwepfungwa kwakava hwaro hwekusawirirana kwakamuka. Soviet Union, ichitungamirirwa naJosef Stalin, yaiona capitalism senjodzi yekupona kwesocialism. Kusiyana neizvi, United States, ichitungamirirwa naHarry S. Truman nevaimutevera, yaiona communism senjodzi kurusununguko nedemocracy. Izvi zvakakonzera dzidziso yeTruman Doctrine ya1947, iyo yakasungirira Soviet Union kudzora kupararira kwecommunism, iyo inowanzonzi "containment."
Chivharo cheKuumbwa kweMubatanidzwa
Sezvo kusawirirana kwakawedzera, nyika mbiri idzi dzakaumba mubatanidzwa wemauto senzira yekudzivirira kubva kunjodzi dzaionekwa sedziripo. Muna 1949, United States nenyika dzinoverengeka dzekumadokero kweEurope dzakaumba North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Kuti dzigadzirise izvi, Soviet Union nevatsigiri vayo vekumabvazuva kweEurope vakaumba Warsaw Pact muna 1955. Mibatanidzwa iyi miviri yakava zviratidzo zvekukakavadzana kuri kuwedzera pakati pemapoka ekumadokero neEastern.
Mujaho wezvombo nezvomuchadenga
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru muHondo Yemashoko kwaive kukwikwidzana kwezvombo, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvenyukireya. Muna 1949, Soviet Union yakabudirira kuyedza pfuti yayo yekutanga yenyukireya, zvichigumisa simba reUnited States rezvombo zvenyukireya. Izvi zvakakonzera kukwikwidzana kwezvombo kuri kuramba kuchiita, nyika dzese dziri mbiri dzichikwikwidzana kugadzira zvombo zvikuru uye zvine simba.
Pamusoro pemakwikwi ezvombo, Hondo Yemashoko yakaratidzwawo nemakwikwi emuchadenga. Soviet Union yakaita nhoroondo nekuburitsa satellite yekutanga, Sputnik 1, muna 1957, uye murume wekutanga muchadenga, Yuri Gagarin, muna 1961. United States yakapindura nechirongwa cheApollo, icho chakazoguma nekumhara kwekutanga kwemunhu pamwedzi muna 1969.
Kurwisana-Ne-Mumiririri
Kunyangwe pasina hondo yakananga pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union, Hondo Yemashoko yaiwanzoonekwa kuburikidza nekukakavadzana kwevamiriri, uko kwaive hondo dzakarwiwa mune dzimwe nyika umo masimba maviri makuru aitsigira mativi anopikisa. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira yeizvi inosanganisira Hondo yeKorea (1950-1953) neHondo yeVietnam (1955-1975). Muhondo idzi, United States neSoviet Union dzakatsigira mapoka akasiyana, United States ichitsigira hurumende dzisiri dzechikomunisti uye Soviet Union ichitsigira mafambiro echikomunisti.
Dambudziko uye Kusagadzikana
Hondo yeMadzimwe nguva yakaonekwawo nematambudziko makuru akawanda akapotsa aita kuti nyika yose ipinde muhondo yenyukireya. Imwe yematambudziko akakurumbira yaive Cuban Missile Crisis ya1962, umo Soviet Union yakaisa zvombo zvenyukireya muCuba, makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe chete kubva kumahombekombe eUnited States. Dambudziko iri rakapotsa rakonzera hondo yenyukireya, asi rakazogadziriswa kuburikidza nekutaurirana pakati peMutungamiriri weUnited States John F. Kennedy nemutungamiri weSoviet Nikita Khrushchev.
Shanduko muHutungamiri neMutemo
Mukupera kwema1970 nekutanga kwema1980, hukama pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union hwakadzikira zvakare, nemutemo we "Reagan Doctrine" wekutora matanho akaomarara kurwisa chikomunisiti. Zvisinei, shanduko huru yakaitika pakati pema1980 apo Mikhail Gorbachev akava mutungamiri weSoviet Union. Gorbachev akatanga maitiro eglasnost (kuvhurika) uye perestroika (kugadzirisa patsva), nechinangwa chekuvandudza hupfumi hweSoviet hwakanga hwamira uye kugadzirisa hukama neWestern.
Kuparara kweSoviet Union
Maitiro aGorbachev ekugadzirisa zvinhu akava nemigumisiro yakanaka, asi akabatsirawo mukuputsika kwechimiro chezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi cheSoviet Union. Mukupera kwema1980 nekutanga kwema1990, nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzeEastern Europe dzaimbove pasi pehutongi hweSoviet dzakatanga kuwana rusununguko. Muna 1989, Berlin Wall, chiratidzo cheCold War nekupatsanurwa kweEast neWest, yakawa. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kupera kweCold War, uye muna 1991, Soviet Union yakaparadzwa zviri pamutemo, zvichigumisa kuvapo kweimwe yemasimba maviri epasi rose.
Mhedzisiro uye Nhaka yeHondo Yemashoko
Hondo Yemashoko yakasiya simba guru uye nhaka yakaoma munzvimbo dzakawanda. Mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika epasi rose, Hondo Yemashoko yakabatsira kugadzira chimiro chepfungwa chepfungwa chakatonga nyaya dzepasi rose kweanenge makore makumi mashanu. Kunyangwe unipolarity ikozvino ichinyanya kutsanangura hurongwa hwepasi rose, neUnited States senyika chete yasara ine simba guru, kusawirirana nekusawirirana kwakabuda panguva yeHondo Yemashoko kuchiri kukanganisa hukama hwepasi rose kusvika nanhasi.
Panyaya yetekinoroji, makwikwi etekinoroji akakonzerwa neHondo Yemashoko akaburitsa zvinhu zvitsva zvakawanda, kunyanya mumauto nemuchadenga, izvo zvichiri kukanganisa kukura kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano.
Pamagariro evanhu netsika, Hondo Yemashoko yakakanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu vazhinji hwezuva nezuva, muUnited States, Soviet Union, nedzimwe nyika. Mashoko enhema aibva kumativi ese akagadzira mufananidzo une simba we "muvengi" uye akaratidza kusawirirana uku sekurwa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.
Mhedziso
Hondo Yemashoko yakanga iri nguva yakaoma zvikuru yakazadzwa nekusawirirana. Kunyangwe pasina hondo yemauto yakananga pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union, nguva iyi yakanga yakaratidzwa nekusawirirana kukuru uye matambudziko akawanda akapotsa asvitsa pasi rose pamucheto wehondo yenyukireya. Pfungwa dzinopesana, makwikwi ezvombo nemuchadenga, uye kusawirirana kwevamiriri vemauto ndizvo zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvakatsanangura mafambiro eHondo Yemashoko.
Kunyangwe gakava iri rakapera nekuparara kweSoviet Union muna 1991, zvarakakonzera zvichiri kuoneka nanhasi. Mhedzisiro yezvematongerwo enyika, yehupfumi, uye yemagariro evanhu yeCold War ichiri kukanganisa pasi rose, uye zvidzidzo kubva panguva iyi zvinogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa simba repasi rose uye kukosha kwekukurukurirana nediplomacy mukugadzirisa kusawirirana.
Nekunzwisisa Hondo Yemashoko zvakadzama, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani kuoma kwehukama hwenyika dzese uye kukosha kwekutsvaga nzira dzerugare dzekugadzirisa kusawirirana.
