Zvinoreva uye Nhoroondo yeMona Lisa
Mufananidzo weMona Lisa, unozivikanwawo seLa Gioconda muchiItaly, ndeimwe yemifananidzo inozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose. Wakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yeRenaissance Leonardo da Vinci pakati pa1503 na1506 (kunyange zvazvo vamwe nyanzvi vachitenda kuti akanga achiri kushanda pairi kusvika muna 1517), mufananidzo uyu wave chiratidzo chisingaenzaniswi chetsika, nhoroondo, uye hunyanzvi.
Mavambo uye Nhoroondo
Bhurocha rinonzi Mona Lisa haringoratidzi chitarisiko chemukadzi chete. Ibasa raLeonardo da Vinci, nyanzvi yeRenaissance ine tarenda rinoshamisa muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi, anatomy, nyeredzi, uye mechanical engineering. Leonardo akashandisa hunyanzvi hwake hwakawanda kugadzira mufananidzo wakazadzwa nehunyanzvi hutsva uye kucherechedza zvinhu zvakasikwa zvine musoro.
Leonardo da Vinci akatanga kupenda Mona Lisa muFlorence, Italy. Muenzaniso weMona Lisa unowanzo bvumidzwa kuti ndiLisa Gherardini, mudzimai wemutengesi wesilika wekuFlorentine ainzi Francesco del Giocondo; saka zita rekuti La Gioconda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Francesco ndiye akatuma mufananidzo uyu kupemberera kuzvarwa kwemwana wavo wechipiri.
Analisis Teknis
Imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa zvikuru, inowedzera chakavanzika chiri shure kweMona Lisa, kushandisa kwaLeonardo sfumato. Sfumato inzira yekupenda inobvumira mavara akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti mipendero ipfungaire kana kuti ipenye mumufananidzo. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo yaLeonardo yechiso chaMona Lisa, kunyanya maziso nemuromo. Iyi nzira inoita kuti chitarisiko chechiso chaMona Lisa chiite sechinochinja kubva pamakona akasiyana kana mamiriro echiedza, chiitiko chakafadza vaoni kwemazana emakore.
Uyezve, Leonardo akashandisa chiedza nemimvuri zvinobudirira kugadzira fungidziro yekudzika uye huwandu, zvichiita kuti Mona Lisa iite sehupenyu chaihwo pacanvas. Nzvimbo yakavanzika yemakomo inowedzera kushamisa kwakakomberedza mufananidzo.
Zvazvinoreva uye Dudziro
Zvinorehwa neMona Lisa zvave zvichitaurwa kakawanda uye zvichikakavadzana. Chitarisiko chechiso chaMona Lisa chinowanzonzi 'chisinganzwisisike' kana kuti chinonetsa. Chave chiri nyaya yetsananguro dzepfungwa uye kunyange dzetsinga. Vamwe vanoona kunyemwerera kwaMona Lisa sechiratidzo chemufaro wakavanzika, vamwe vachikuona sekusuruvara.
Imwe dzidziso inoti kunyemwerera kwaMona Lisa kunogona kuoneka kwakasiyana nekuda kwemaitiro anoita mifananidzo yekuona kwedu kweparutivi nepakati. Kana maziso edu akatarisa zvakananga pakunyemwerera, kunogona kuoneka sekunge kwadzikira; zvisinei, kana tikatarira dzimwe nzvimbo dzechiso, kunyemwerera kunoratidzika kunge kwakakura.
Pane dudziro yakadzama inobatanidza Mona Lisa nepfungwa yehuviri hwevanhu—musanganiswa wesimba neunyoro, mufaro nekusuwa, runako nekushaya simba. Leonardo, nyanzvi yekufunga zvakadzama nezvepfungwa, angangodaro akagadzira basa iri sechiratidzo chekuoma kwemamiriro ezvinhu evanhu.
Kufamba uye Kupesvedzera
Mushure mekuchinjana maoko kubva kune vatengi vaLeonardo, mufananidzo uyu wakazopedzisira wava mumaoko aMambo François I weFrance, uye wakaramba uri muFrance kubvira ipapo. Kubva pakatanga Chimurenga cheFrance, Mona Lisa yave iri chikamu chemuunganidzwa wenyika yeFrance uye iri kuratidzwa paLouvre muParis, uko inokwezva mamiriyoni evashanyi gore rega rega.
Muna 1911, mufananidzo uyu wakabiwa nemushandi wemumuseum ainzi Vincenzo Peruggia, uyo aitenda kuti Mona Lisa inofanira kudzoserwa kuItaly. Akaiviga kwemakore anopfuura maviri asati asungwa uye mufananidzo wacho wakadzokera kuLouvre. Chiitiko ichi chakawedzera mukurumbira waMona Lisa pasi rose.
Simba raMona Lisa rinopfuura nyika yeunyanzvi hwakanaka. Mufananidzo uyu wakakurudzira vaimbi vakaita saMarcel Duchamp, avo vakagadzira mufananidzo we "LHOOQ" nekuwedzera ndebvu pane imwe mufananidzo waMona Lisa. Mutambo uyu wakaonekwawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzenhau dzakakurumbira, kusanganisira mafirimu, mimhanzi, nemabhuku. Simba rawo retsika rinoratidza kukosha kwawo.
Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvemazuva Ano
Nhasi uno, Mona Lisa ichiri nyaya yekutsvagisa nekukurukura. Nerubatsiro rwetekinoroji yemazuva ano, yakadai se infrared scanning uye microscopic analysis, masayendisiti akawana zvakawanda nezvehunyanzvi hwaLeonardo, uye vamwe vakatotaura nezvekuchinja kwemarongero aLeonardo panguva yekuumbwa kwependi.
Muna 2005, musayendisiti wekuFrance Pascal Cotte akashandisa infrared reflectography scanning kuratidza minwe yaMona Lisa yakavanzwa, zvichipa rumwe ruzivo pamusoro pemagadzirirwo aLeonardo uye hunyanzvi hwake hwekugadzira. Tsvagiridzo iyi inotibatsira kunzwisisa kuomarara uye kudzama kwehunyanzvi hwaLeonardo mukugadzira basa iri rinoita serakareruka asi rakaoma zvikuru.
Mhedziso
Mona Lisa inopfuura kungova basa reunyanzvi; chiratidzo chehunyanzvi hwaLeonardo da Vinci. Mufananidzo uyu hausi kungoratidza mukadzi weRenaissance chete, asiwo basa rinoshamisa rinoratidza kuomarara kwevanhu pahunhu hwavo hwakanaka uye husinganzwisisike. Kubva pahunyanzvi hutsva hwesfumato uye matauriro asinganzwisisike kusvika pakududzira kwakawanda kwehuzivi uye kwepfungwa, Mona Lisa ichiri basa reunyanzvi rinozivikanwa uye rinoyemurwa pasi rese.
Kuburikidza nekugona kwayo kuramba ichibata nekumutsa fungidziro dzevaoni vayo, Mona Lisa anotiyeuchidza nezvekugona kweunyanzvi kubata hunhu hwevanhu nekubata mashoko asingaperi anopfuura nguva nenzvimbo. Nekunyemwerera kwese nekutarisa, Mona Lisa anopa kukoka kubvunza nekufungisisa, zvichimuita kuti avepo nguva dzose munyika yeunyanzvi netsika.
