Mavambo neNhoroondo yeKubudirira kweInternet
Indaneti ndeimwe yezvinhu zvitsva zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu, ichichinja mararamiro edu, mashandiro edu, uye kutaurirana kwedu. Kwakatangira nekukura kweinternet inyaya refu inosanganisira vaongorori vakasiyana-siyana, masangano, uye matekinoroji. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora rwendo urwu rurefu kubva pakutanga kwarwo kusvika nhasi.
Chekutanga, chii chinonzi Indaneti?
Indaneti inetwork yepasi rose inobatanidza mamiriyoni emakomputa pasi rose, zvichivabvumira kugovana ruzivo nekutaurirana. Iyi network framework inosanganisira network diki dzakawanda, kusanganisira hurumende, dzidzo, mabhizimisi, uye masangano akazvimirira, ese achishandisa standard protocol, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
Kwakatangira Indaneti
ARPANET: Nheyo dzekutanga (kuma1960)
Kwakatangira internet kunogona kuteverwa kusvika kuma1960, apo Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) yeUnited States Department of Defense yakatanga chirongwa chekutsvagisa chinozivikanwa seARPANET. Chirongwa ichi chaive nechinangwa chekugadzira network yaizokwanisa kugadzikana pakurwiswa nemauto nenjodzi.
ARPANET yakatanga nzira yekutanga yekutaurirana ne network ichishandisa tekinoroji yekuchinja mapaketi, iyo yaive hwaro hwakakosha hwekuvandudza internet. Kuchinja mapaketi kunobvumira data kuti rigovaniswe kuita mapaketi madiki, rigotumirwa rakaparadzana uye rozobatanidzwazve panzvimbo yaro yekupedzisira. Paul Baran naDonald Davies vaive vanhu vaviri vakakosha mukugadzira pfungwa iyi.
Musi wa29 Gumiguru 1969, meseji yekutanga yakatumirwa kubva pakombuta paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Los Angeles (UCLA) kuenda kukombuta paStanford Research Institute (SRI). Kunyangwe meseji yacho yaive neshoko rekuti "LOGIN" chete, rakatyorwa mushure memabhii maviri ekutanga ("LO"), yakaratidza danho rekutanga murwendo rurefu rweinternet.
Kuvandudzwa kweTekinoroji yeNetwork
TCP/IP uye Kuwedzera kweARPANET (kuma1970)
Mumakore ekuma1970, ARPANET yakaramba ichikura, ichibatanidza mayunivhesiti akawanda nemasangano ekutsvagisa muUnited States. Kugadzirwa kweprotocol ye network kwakava chinhu chikuru chakanyanya kutariswa, uye muna 1974, Vinton Cerf naRobert Kahn vakapa TCP/IP protocol suite, iyo yakava chiyero chikuru chekutumira data paInternet.
Muna 1983, ARPANET yakagamuchira zviri pamutemo TCP/IP senzira yayo yakajairika, ichitsiva Network Control Protocol yekare (NCP). Iyi yaive nguva yakakosha yekuchinja, ichibvumira network dzakasiyana kutaurirana dzichishandisa iyi nzira yepasi rose.
NSFNET uye Kutengeserana (1980s)
Pakati pemakore ekuma1980, United States National Science Foundation (NSF) yakatanga kugadzira NSFNET, network yekubatanidza nzvimbo dzemakombiyuta kumayunivhesiti akasiyana-siyana. NSFNET yakapa bandwidth yakakura kupfuura ARPANET uye yakava musimboti mukuru wekuvandudzwa kweInternet muUnited States.
Zvishoma nezvishoma, network dziri kunze kweUnited States dzakatanga kubatana neNSFNET, zvichigadzira nzira yekuumbwa kwenetwork yepasi rose. Mukupera kwema1980 nekutanga kwema1990, makambani ekutengeserana akatanga kuona mukana mukuru weinternet. Izvi zvakaratidza kutanga kwemaitiro ekutengeserana, neinternet services dzichiwanikwa kune veruzhinji.
Kuzvarwa kweWorld Wide Web
Tim Berners-Lee naHTTP/HTML (1989-1991)
Gore ra1989 raive gore rakakosha pakukura kweinternet nekuwanikwa kweWorld Wide Web (WWW) naTim Berners-Lee, nyanzvi yezvemakombiyuta kuCERN. Berners-Lee akagadzira Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), uye pfungwa yeUniform Resource Locator (URL), iyo yaibvumira magwaro kuwanikwa uye kubatanidzwa painternet.
Muna 1991, Berners-Lee akaunza World Wide Web kune veruzhinji. Kuburikidza neWWW, internet yakava nyore kusvikika uye kushandiswa neveruzhinji. Izvi zvakaita kuti kushandiswa kweinternet kuve kwakanyanya mumakore gumi akatevera, zvichigadzira nzira itsva uye yakasununguka yekugovana ruzivo pasi rese.
Mabrowser Akareruka kuenda kuMosaic (1993)
Kugadzirwa kwemawebhusaiti kwakaitawo kuti internet ishandiswe nekukurumidza. Muna 1993, Marc Andreessen nechikwata chake kuNational Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) vakaburitsa Mosaic, browser yekutanga yewebhu yakabudirira mukutengeserana. Mosaic yakaunza zvinhu zvakaita semifananidzo uye interface iri nyore kushandisa, zvichiita kuti mukana wekushandisa WWW uve nyore kune vashandisi.
Kuvandudzwa kweZvivakwa zveInternet Pasirose
Kukwira kweISP uye Kukura kweExponential (1990s - 2000s)
Mumakore ekuma1990, Vapi veMasevhisi eInternet (ISPs) vakatanga kukura nekukurumidza, vachipa masevhisi einternet kune vese vanoshandisa dzimba nevemabhizinesi. Masevhisi ekufambisa mafoni, anoshandisa mitsara yefoni pakubatanidza internet, akatanga kufarirwa zvikuru panguva iyoyo.
Kukura kwevashandisi vepaindaneti kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Kubva pazviuru zvishoma zvevashandisi pakutanga kwema1990, nhamba iyi yakawedzera kaviri makore mashoma ega ega. Zvakaoma kufungidzira ikozvino, asi kare ikako, kunyangwe kutarisa nekutumira maemail zviri nyore kwaida nguva nemoyo murefu, tichifunga nezvekumhanya kwacho kushoma.
Broadband uye Speed Revolution (2000s)
Pakati pema2000 kusvika kumagumo kwakaona shanduko huru kubva pakubatanidza ma "dial-up" kuenda ku "broadband". Kubatanidza ma "broadband", ayo anosanganisira matekinoroji akaita seDigital Subscriber Line (DSL), cable, uye fiber optic, zvinopa kumhanya kukuru uye kugadzikana kuri nani pane kubatana kwema "dial-up" kwechinyakare. Nekumhanya kwakanyanya kweinternet, zvinhu zvakawanda zve multimedia, zvakaita semavhidhiyo ekutepfenyura uye masevhisi emitambo yepamhepo, zvakatanga kuwanda.
Indaneti Munguva Yemazuva Ano: Nharembozha Yenharembozha uye Yepamusoro
Mafoni Anoshandiswa Pamafoni NeIndaneti (2010s)
Mumakore ekuma2010, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemafoni uye network dzemafoni dze4G kwakavhura chitsauko chitsva munhoroondo yeinternet. Mafoni, nekukwanisa kwawo kuwana internet kubva chero kupi uye chero nguva, akachinja maitiro ekushandisa internet. Mapurogiramu efoni akadai sesocial media, masevhisi ekutumira mameseji ipapo ipapo, uye maapplication e-commerce akachinja nzira yatinotaurirana nayo, yatinotenga, uye yatinoshamwaridzana nayo.
Manetwork e5G uye Remangwana reInternet (2020s)
Iye zvino, nekutanga kwetekinoroji ye5G, nyika yave pedyo nekuchinja kukuru kweinternet. 5G inovimbisa kumhanya kwedata kwakanyanya, kunonoka kwakanyanya, uye kugona kubatanidza mamiriyoni emidziyo muInternet of Things (IoT). Iyi tekinoroji haizongovandudza mhando yemasevhisi einternet enharembozha chete asiwo ichavhura mikana mitsva muzvikamu zvakaita sehutano, mota, uye kugadzira zvinhu zvakangwara.
Penutup
Kubva kuARPANET kusvika ku5G, internet yave nekushanduka-shanduka kunoshamisa uye yakachinja zvakanyanya pane zvese zvinoitika muhupenyu hwevanhu. Nhoroondo yeinternet inyaya yekushandira pamwe kwepasi rose, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, uye kugara ichichinja. Sezvivakwa zvakakosha zvenguva yedhijitari, internet icharamba ichichinja uye ichiumba ramangwana redu.
