Kugoverwa Kwezviwanikwa zveIndonesia
Indonesia, senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose ine masango, yakakomborerwa nezviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo. Kubva kuSabang kusvika kuMerauke, zviwanikwa izvi zvakagoverwa zvakaenzana, zvinosanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana ezviwanikwa, zvinosanganisira migodhi yezvicherwa, masango, kurima, uye zviwanikwa zvemugungwa. Nezvitsuwa zvinopfuura 17.000, Indonesia ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviwanikwa uye geodiversity, pamwe chete nepfuma yezviwanikwa zvechisikigo zvakagadzirira kuongororwa nekushandiswa kuitira kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu vayo. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo muIndonesia zvichienderana nerudzi nenzvimbo.
1. Zviwanikwa zveMineral neMigodhi
Indonesia inozivikanwa senyika ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvezvicherwa. Zvitsuwa zvikuru zvakaita seSumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, nePapua inzvimbo huru dzezvicherwa nekuchera. Kalimantan, kunyanya, inozivikanwa senzvimbo yekuchera marasha, ine vagadziri vazhinji vemarasha vari munzvimbo iyi. Marasha ndeimwe yezvinhu zvikuru zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muIndonesia.
Kunze kwemarasha, Papua ine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzegoridhe nemhangura. Mugodhi weGrasberg muPapua, unofambiswa nePT Freeport Indonesia, ndeimwe yemigodhi mikuru yegoridhe nemhangura pasi rose. Sulawesi inozivikanwa nekugadzira nickel yakawanda, nepo Bangka Belitung iri nzvimbo huru yekugadzira simbi.
Uyezve, kune mukana wakakura wemafuta negasi. Zvitsuwa zveJava, Sumatra, neKalimantan inharaunda dzinogadzira mafuta negasi zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, Rokan Block neMahakam Block ndedzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinogadzira mafuta negasi zvakanyanya muSumatra neKalimantan.
2. Zviwanikwa zveMasango
Indonesia ine masango akawanda anogara munzvimbo dzinopisa, zvichiita kuti ive nemiti nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana. Masango aya akapararira muzvitsuwa zvikuru zvakaita sePapua, Kalimantan, neSumatra. Masango eIndonesia anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda yepasi rose sezvo kabhoni ichinyura uye inogadzira okisijeni.
Papua ine masango emvura akachengetedzwa zvakanyanya uye akakura kupfuura mamwe ese muIndonesia, ane zvirimwa zvakawanda zvisati zvashandiswa. MuKalimantan, Tanjung Puting National Park, inozivikanwa nehuwandu hwemaorenji emusango, muenzaniso wakanaka wekuchengetedza masango. Zvinosuwisa kuti, pasinei nekupfuma kwawo, masango eIndonesia anotarisana nematambudziko makuru akadai sekuparadzwa kwemasango uye kutemwa kwemiti zvisiri pamutemo.
Zvigadzirwa zvemasango zvakaita sehuni, rattan, nezvimwe zvinomera zvemasango ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvinobatsira hupfumi, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwazvo kuchifanira kuenzaniswa nemabasa ekuchengetedza kuitira kuti zvisakuvadze nharaunda iripo.
3. Kurima neMinda
Kurima nekurima minda zvikamu zvakakosha muhupfumi hweIndonesia, zvichitsigira raramo yevanhu vakawanda vekumaruwa. Java, ine ivhu rayo rakaorera uye nzizi dzakawanda, inzvimbo yekurima zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semupunga, chibage, uye soya. Izvi zvinoita kuti Java ive bhasikiti rekudya renyika.
Sumatra neKalimantan dzinozivikanwa nekurima minda mikuru yemafuta emuchindwe nerabha. Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinokosha kunze kwenyika uye zvinobatsira zvikuru mukuwana mari kubva kuhurumende. Uyezve, Indonesia ndiyo inotungamira mukugadzira kofi netii, uye matunhu makuru ari Sumatra, Java, neSulawesi.
Zvirimwa zvekurima zvakaita semichero nemiriwo zvinopararirawo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichitsigira zvinodiwa zvekudya zvemuno uye misika yekutengesera kunze kwenyika.
4. Nhau dzeMarine neHove
Senyika ine ruzivo rwegungwa, Indonesia ine mvura yakakura ine mukana mukuru wegungwa. Zviwanikwa zvekuredza hove mugungwa zvinobva kuIndian Ocean kusvika kuPacific Ocean. Eastern Indonesia, dzakadai seMaluku nePapua, inozivikanwa nekuwanda kwemarudzi ezvisikwa zvegungwa.
Indonesia ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinotengesa zvigadzirwa zvekuredza zvakawanda pasi rose, ine zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinosanganisira tuna, shrimp, uye gungwa. Gungwa reJava, Gungwa reSulawesi, neGungwa reBanda ndidzo dzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinonyanya kutariswa dzekuredza muIndonesia.
Kugona kwegungwa kunopfuura kubata hove. Kushanya kwegungwa ibasa rehupfumi rine tariro, rine nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa pasi rose dzekuzorora nekuzorora dzakadai seRaja Ampat muPapua, Bunaken muSulawesi, uye Gili Trawangan muLombok.
5. Simba Rinodzokororwa
Kunze kwemafuta efossil, Indonesia ine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza simba rinogona kushandiswazve. Simba rinobuda mugehena rakapararira muPacific Ring of Fire, kunyanya pazvitsuwa zveJava, Sumatra, neSulawesi. Indonesia ine nzvimbo yechipiri pakukura kwegehena pasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yepasi rose yekuvandudza simba rinobuda mugehena.
Kugona kwesimba rezuva nemhepo kuri kuwedzerawo kutariswa sezvatichiedza kuderedza kuvimba kwedu nemafuta epasi. East Nusa Tenggara inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kukuru kwesimba remhepo, nepo inenge Indonesia yese ine simba rezuva rinogona kushandiswa.
Mhedziso
Indonesia ine mikana yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana yezviwanikwa zvechisikigo. Zvisinei, matambudziko ekutarisira nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa izvi akakosha pakuona kuti zvinorarama kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Matanho anofanirwa kutorwa kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Hurumende yeIndonesia inofanira kuramba ichisimbisa mitemo nemaitiro anotsigira kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza, kuvandudza kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda, uye kugadzira matekinoroji matsva ekushandisa zviwanikwa zvechisikigo zvakanaka uye zvinogara kwenguva refu. Nekutarisira zviwanikwa zvechisikigo nekuchenjera, Indonesia inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti pfuma yayo yechisikigo inova pfuma inopa mabhenefiti akakosha kurudzi rwese.
