Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomula ekugadzira magirazi ekukudza magirazi
1. Muongorori ari kuongorora shizha achishandisa lenzi ine denderedzwa ine urefu hwe 25/3 cm segirazi rinokudza. Ndechipi chirevo chakarurama?
(1) Kukura kwekona kwakaenzana ne4 kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira wechinhu chacho uri kure ne25 cm.
(2) Kukura kwekona kwakaenzana ne3 kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira wechinhu chacho uri pakusingaperi.
(3) Simba regirazi re convex i12 Diopters
(4) Kureba kwemufananidzo chaiwo i25/3 cm kana daro rechinhu chiri 50/3 cm.
Kukurukurirana
(1) Fomura yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri padaro rakati (ziso riri panzvimbo yakakwana)
M = N / f + 1
M = kona yekuwedzera yegirazi rinokudza, N = pedyo nenzvimbo yeziso rakajairika (25 cm), f = kureba kwegirazi rinokudza
M = 25 : 25/3 + 1 = 25 x 3/25 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4
Chirevo 1 ndechechokwadi
(2)
Fomura yekukudza kona yegirazi rinokudza kana mufananidzo wekupedzisira uri pakusingaperi (nzvimbo shoma yeziso)
M = N / f
M = kona yekuwedzera yegirazi rinokudza, N = pedyo nenzvimbo yeziso rakajairika (25 cm), f = kureba kwegirazi rinokudza
Kukura kwekona yegirazi rinokudza:
M = 25 : 25/3 = 25 x 3/25 = 3
Chirevo 2 ndechechokwadi
(3) Simba regirazi rakapinza
P = 1/f = 1 : 25/3 = 1 x 3/25 = 3/25 Diopters
Chirevo chechitatu hachina kururama
(4) Daro remufananidzo chaiwo
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s
1/s' = 1:25/3 – 1:50/3
1/s' = 1×3/25 – 1×3/50
1/s' = 3/25 – 3/50
1/s' = 6/50 – 3/50
1/s' = 3/50
s' = 50/3
Chirevo chechitatu hachina kururama
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
Mibvunzo yeFizikisi yeSBMPTN
Sezvakatsanangurwa munyaya yacho girazi rinokudza, chinhu chinoonekwa chidiki kana chichionekwa uri kure uye chinoonekwa chakakura kana chichionekwa uri kure. Musiyano wehukuru hwezvinhu zvinoonekwa neziso unokonzerwa nemusiyano wekona inoumbwa pakati peziso nechinhu. Kana chinhu chiri kure kwazvo neziso, kona iri pakati peziso nechinhu idiki zvekuti mufananidzo unoumbwa pa retina yeziso unenge uri mudikiwo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chiri pedyo neziso, kona iri pakati peziso nechinhu yakakura zvekuti mufananidzo unoumbwa pa retina yeziso unenge wakakurawo. Kana chiri pedyo neziso, kona iri pakati peziso nechinhu yakakura zvekuti mufananidzo unoumbwa pa retina wakakurawo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzvimbo iri pedyo neziso remunhu wemazuva ose i25 cm saka daro riri pakati peziso nechinhu harigone kuva diki pane 25 cm. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kona iri pakati peziso remunhu wemazuva ose nechinhu, ine kukosha kwakanyanya kana daro riri pakati peziso nechinhu riri 25 cm.
Kana chinhu chikasaonekwa zvakajeka mushure mekuswededzwa pedyo ne 25 cm kubva paziso remazuva ose, saka zvakakosha kuti girazi rinokudza kubatsira ziso kuona chinhu. Girazi rinokudza kana kuti chikwidziridzo chiri nyore chinoshanda kuwedzera kona iri pakati peziso nechinhu. Kugona kwegirazi rinokudza kuwedzera mufananidzo wechinhu kunoratidzwa ne kona yekuwedzera (M) yegirazi rinokudzaGirazi rinokudza rine kukura kwe2x zvechokwadi riri nani pane rinokudza rine kukura kwe1x. Kukudza kweAngular kwakasiyana nekukura kwemutsara; kuti munzwisise musiyano, ndapota dzidzai musoro wenyaya. kukura kwekona (M) uye kukura kwemutsara (m).
Kunzwisisa Kukura kweAngle Inowedzera
Kukura kwekona (M) kwegirazi rinokudza chiratidzo chekona iri pakati peziso nemufananidzo wechinhu (θ') kana chinhu chacho chaonekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza, nekona iri pakati peziso nechinhu (θ) kana chinhu chacho chaonekwa zvakananga kubva padyo neziso remazuva ose. Masvomhu:
M = θ' / θ
Fomura Yakajairika Yekuwedzera Angle Inowedzera
Nzira yakajairika yekukudza angular inotsanangurwa zvakadzama muchikamu chinotevera. Kuti unzwisise, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.
Mumufananidzo 1, chinhu chinoonekwa zvakananga kubva padyo neziso renguva dzose..
N = pedyo nepaziso rakajairwa
θ = kona iri pakati peziso nemagumo ese echinhu
h = kureba kwechinhu chacho.
Mumufananidzo wechipiri, chinhu ichi chinoonekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza zvinhu..
s = daro riri pakati pechinhu nelenzi
θ' = kona iri pakati pechitenderedzo nemagumo ese echinhu
h = kukwirira kwechinhu
Kana kona iri diki saka tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h / N
θ' = h / s
Fomura yakajairika yekuwedzera kwekona (M) kwegirazi rinokudza:
Tsananguro: M = angular magnification, N = pedyo nepfungwa yeziso remazuva ose, s = daro riri pakati pechinhu negirazi rinokudza. Iyi ndiyo fomura yakajairika yekukudza kona yegirazi rinokudza. Inonzi fomura yakajairika nekuti daro riri pakati pechinhu negirazi rinokudza harisi kukosha kwakatarwa asi rinogona kuva chero kukosha.
Fomura yekukudza kwekona kwegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo shoma
Ko kana, pakutarisa chinhu uchishandisa girazi rinokudza, ziso remuoni risingapindi zvakanyanya? Kana ziso risingapindi zvakanyanya, daro remufananidzo harina mugumo. Kuti mufananidzo uve kure zvakanyanya, daro riri pakati pechinhu negirazi rinokudza rinofanira kunge rakafanana nehurefu hwegirazi rinokudza (enzanisa tsananguro iri mumusoro wenyaya). girazi rinokudza kana kuti loupe). Tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.
Mumufananidzo 3, chinhu chinoonekwa zvakananga kubva padyo neziso renguva dzose..
N = pedyo nepaziso rakajairwa
θ = kona iri pakati peziso nemagumo ese echinhu
h = kureba kwechinhu chacho.
Mumufananidzo wechina, chinhu ichi chinoonekwa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza zvinhu apo ziso remuoni riri panzvimbo yakaderera..
s = chinhambwe pakati pechinhu nelenzi = f = kureba kwegirazi rinokudza
θ' = kona iri pakati pechitenderedzo nemagumo ese echinhu
h = kukwirira kwechinhu
Kana kona iri diki saka tangent θ ≈ θ
Fomura yekukudza angular (M) yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera:
Tsananguro: M = kukura kwekona, N = pedyo nenzvimbo yeziso rakajairika, f = kureba kwegirazi rinokudza.
Iyi equation inoratidza kuti angular magnification (M) yegirazi rinokudza zvinhu inoenderana nehurefu hwefocal (f) hwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu. Hurefu hwefocal hwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu hukuru, angular magnification idiki. Kusiyana neizvi, hurefu hwefocal hwegirazi rinokudza zvinhu hudiki, angular magnification ihuru. Girazi rinokudza zvinhu igirazi rine convex, saka zvakanaka kushandisa convex lens ine focal length diki kana convex lens ine curvature diki kuitira kuti angular magnification yegirazi rinokudza zvinhu ive yakakura.
Fomura yekukudza kwekona kwegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro
Ko kana, pakutarisa chinhu uchishandisa girazi rinokudza, ziso remuoni rinokwanisa kufukidza zvakanyanya? Kana ziso richikwanisa kufukidza zvakanyanya, daro remufananidzo rinogadzirwa negirazi rinokudza rakafanana nepo padyo neziso rakajairika. Mufananidzo wacho uri wepakombiyuta, saka daro remufananidzo (s') harina kunaka.
Kana daro remufananidzo (s') rakafanana nepoindi iri pedyo neziso rakajairika (N) ipapo daro rechinhu (s):
Kana kona iri diki saka tangent θ ≈ θ
Fomura yekukudza angular (M) yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yaro yepamusoro:
Tsananguro: M = kukura kwekona, N = pedyo nenzvimbo yeziso rakajairika, f = kureba kwegirazi rinokudza.
Bandingkan fomura yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakaderera dengan fomura yekuwedzera angle yegirazi rinokudza kana ziso riri panzvimbo yakakwanaZvichibva pamafomula maviri aya, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kona yekukudza yegirazi rinokudza yakakura kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro. Saka, kana ukaona manyoro madiki uchishandisa girazi rinokudza, rugwaro ruchaonekwa rwakakura kana ziso riri panzvimbo yepamusoro yepamusoro.
