Fomura Yekumhanya Kwepakati: Matambudziko Epfungwa, Mashandisirwo, uye Muenzaniso
Avhareji yekumhanya ipfungwa huru mufizikisi inoshandiswa kutsanangura kumhanya kwekufamba kwechinhu kwenguva yakati. Pfungwa iyi yakakosha nekuti inopa pfungwa yakajairika yekuti chimwe chinhu chiri kufamba nekukurumidza sei pasina kufunga nezvekuchinja kwekumhanya kana gwara panguva yerwendo. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura tsananguro yeavhareji yekumhanya, mafomura ane hukama, mashandisirwo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye mimwe mienzaniso yezvinetso kuti tinzwisise.
Kunzwisisa Avhareji Yekumhanya
Avhareji yekumhanya inhamba inoyera daro rose rinofambwa nechinhu chakakamurwa nenguva yose inodiwa kufamba daro iroro. Avhareji yekumhanya haifungi nezvekuchinja kwekumhanya kana kwakanangana nerwendo, asi inongotarisa huwandu hwese huri pakati pedaro nenguva.
Pamasvomhu, avhareji yekumhanya (\(v_{\text{average}}\)) inogona kunyorwa seizvi:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d}{t} \]
Di mana:
– \(v_{\text{average}}\) ndiyo avhareji yekumhanya.
– \(d\) idaro rese rakafambwa.
– \(t\) ndiyo nguva yose inodiwa.
Muenzaniso wekushandisa Avhareji Yekumhanya
Avhareji yekumhanya inowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana, akadai se:
1. Kutakura: Kuverenga kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kufamba kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe neavhareji yekumhanya.
2. Mitambo: Kuona mashandiro evatambi, semuenzaniso avhareji yekumhanya kwevanomhanya panguva yemujaho wemarathon.
3. Sainzi neUinjiniya: Mukuyedza uye kuverenga kwehunyanzvi uko avhareji yekumhanya kwechinhu inodiwa kuti pave neongororo yakawanda.
Fomura Yekumhanya Kweavhareji Mumamiriro Akasiyana-siyana
Avhareji Yekumhanya Kweyunifomu Yekufamba Kwemutsetse
Kuti muite kufamba kwakatwasuka kwakafanana uko kumhanya kwacho kuri kwakafanana, fomura yekumhanya kweavhareji iri nyore kwazvo:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = v \]
Di mana:
– \(v\) imhasuru inogara iripo.
Avhareji Yekumhanya Kwekufamba Kusina Kurongeka
Pakufamba kusingaenderane nemafambiro apo kumhanya kunogona kuchinja panguva yerwendo, fomura yekumhanya kweavhareji inoramba yakafanana, asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti \(d\) idaro rese uye \(t\) inguva yese inodiwa:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d}{t} \]
Avhareji Yekumhanya Nekuchinja Kwekumhanya
Muzviitiko apo kumhanya kunosiyana, tinofanira kuverenga daro rakafambwa panguva imwe neimwe tobva tashandisa daro rose nenguva yose kuti tiwane avhareji yekumhanya.
Muenzaniso:
Kana mota ichifamba nekumhanya kwakasiyana munguva dzakasiyana, tinogona kushandisa fomura iyi:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d_1 + d_2 + \ldots + d_n}{t_1 + t_2 + \ldots + t_n} \]
Di mana:
– \(d_1, d_2, \ldots, d_n\) idaro rinofambwa panguva imwe neimwe.
– \(t_1, t_2, \ldots, t_n\) inguva inodiwa panguva imwe neimwe.
Muenzaniso weMibvunzo yeAvhareji Yekumhanya
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 1
Mubvunzo:
Mumhanyi anotamba daro remamita mazana mana mumasekondi makumi mashanu. Avhareji yekumhanya kwemumhanyi chii?
Mhinduro:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Kureba (\(d\)) = mamita mazana mana
– Nguva (\(t\)) = masekondi makumi mashanu
Kushandisa fomura yekumhanya kweavhareji:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d}{t} = \frac{400}{50} = 8 \, \text{m/s} \]
Saka, avhareji yekumhanya kwemumhanyi ndeye mamita masere pasekondi.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 2
Mubvunzo:
Mota inofamba kubva muguta A kuenda kuguta B, daro remakiromita zana nemakumi mashanu, mumaawa maviri, uye kubva muguta B kuenda kuguta C, daro remakiromita zana, mumaawa imwe nehafu. Avhareji yekumhanya kwemota panguva yerwendo kubva muguta A kuenda kuguta C ndeyei?
Mhinduro:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Kureba kubva paA kusvika paB (\(d_1\)) = 150 km
– Nguva kubva paA kusvika paB (\(t_1\)) = maawa maviri
– Kureba kubva paB kusvika paC (\(d_2\)) = 100 km
– Nguva kubva paB kusvika paC (\(t_2\)) = maawa 1,5
Daro rose (\(d\)) = \(d_1 + d_2 = 150 + 100 = 250\) km
Nguva yese (\(t\)) = \(t_1 + t_2 = 2 + 1,5 = 3,5\) maawa
Kushandisa fomura yekumhanya kweavhareji:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d}{t} = \frac{250}{3,5} \inenge 71,43 \, \text{km/h} \]
Saka, avhareji yekumhanya kwemotokari inenge 71,43 km/h.
Muenzaniso Mubvunzo 3
Mubvunzo:
Mudzidzi anotenderera nekumhanya kwe10 km/awa kwemaawa maviri, ozoenderera mberi nekumhanya kwe15 km/awa kweawa imwe. Verenga avhareji yekumhanya panguva yerwendo.
Mhinduro:
Zvinozivikanwa:
– Kumhanya kwekutanga (\(v_1\)) = 10 km/h
– Kekutanga (\(t_1\)) = maawa maviri
– Kumhanya kwechipiri (\(v_2\)) = 15 km/h
– Kechipiri (\(t_2\)) = awa imwe
Kufamba kure nekumhanya kwekutanga:
\[ d_1 = v_1 \cdot t_1 = 10 \cdot 2 = 20 \, \text{km} \]
Kufamba kwedaro nekumhanya kwechipiri:
\[ d_2 = v_2 \cdot t_2 = 15 \cdot 1 = 15 \, \text{km} \]
Daro rose (\(d\)) = \(d_1 + d_2 = 20 + 15 = 35\) km
Nguva yese (\(t\)) = \(t_1 + t_2 = 2 + 1 = 3\) maawa
Kushandisa fomura yekumhanya kweavhareji:
\[ v_{\text{average}} = \frac{d}{t} = \frac{35}{3} \inenge 11,67 \, \text{km/h} \]
Saka, avhareji yekumhanya kwemudzidzi ingangoita 11,67 km/h.
Mhedziso
Avhareji yekumhanya ipfungwa inokosha mufizikisi, inoshandiswa kutsanangura kuti chinhu chiri kufamba nekukurumidza sei kwenguva yakati. Nzira yekumhanya kweavhareji iri nyore kwazvo, asi inobatsira zvikuru mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana anoshanda, kubva pakuronga nzendo kusvika pakuongorora mashandiro emitambo.
Nekunzwisisa fomura uye mashandisirwo ekumhanya kweavhareji, tinogona kuverenga zviri nyore kumhanya kwekufamba kwechinhu mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana uye kufanotaura kwakarurama nezvenguva yekufamba uye daro. Mienzaniso yematambudziko ari muchinyorwa chino inopa mufananidzo wakajeka wekuti tingashandisa sei pfungwa yekumhanya kweavhareji mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvichitibatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi zvakadzama.
