Fomura yemafungu eruzha

Mienzaniso yemibvunzo uye mafomura eruzha

Simba reruzha

1. Kusimba kweruzha kunoratidza kukosha kwe logarithmic kwe….

1. Kuenzanisa pakati pesimba riri munzvimbo nesimba rinogadzirwa neruzha
2. Kusimba kweruzha pachikamu chimwe nechimwe
3. Kusimba kweruzha rwuri kure nekwarunobva
4. Kuenzanisa pakati pekusimba kweruzha nekusimba kwechikamu chekunzwa kwevanhu

Kukurukurirana

Fomura yedanho rehukuru hweruzha:
Tsananguro yefomura: TI = mwero wesimba, I = simba reruzha, I_o = chiyero chekunzwa kwevanhu = 10^-12 W / m²
Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti huwandu hwesimba reruzha hunoratidza kukosha kwelogarithmic kwekuenzanisa pakati pesimba reruzha nekusimba kwemuganho wekunzwa kwevanhu.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

2. Simba reruzha ndere 6 x 10^-6 W / masendimita²Kana huwandu hwesimba hukawedzerwa ne10 dB, ipapo simba rinova….

1. 6 X 10^-5 W / masendimita²
2. 6 X 10^-7 W / masendimita²
3. 3 X 10^-6 W / masendimita²
4. 12 X 10^-6 W / masendimita²

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kusimba (I) = 6 x 10^-6 W / masendimita²
Kusimba kwemuganho (I)_o= = 10^-12 W / m² = 10^-12 W/10⁴ cm² = 10^-16 W / masendimita²
Akabvunzwa: Kana TI ikawedzerwa ne10 dB ndinobva ndatanga….
Mhinduro:
Kuwedzera kwesimba reruzha ne10 W/m² = 10^-3 W / masendimita² zvakaenzana nekuwedzera simba rekurira kwenzwi ne10 dB.² W / m² = 10^-2 W / masendimita² zvakaenzana nekuwedzera simba reruzha ne20 dB. Uye zvichingodaro.

Kana huwandu hwesimba hukawedzerwa ne10 dB, ipapo simba rinowedzera ne10^-3 W / masendimita²Saka simba rinova (6 x 10)^-6 W / masendimita²) + (10^-4 W / masendimita²) = (6 x 10^-6 W / masendimita²) + (100 x 10^-6 W / masendimita²) = 100 x 10^-6 W / masendimita².
Hapana mhinduro chaiyo.

Mutinhimira wemafungu eruzha

3. Tarisa mufananidzo unotevera!
Mushure mekunge forogo A yazunguzwa nemuchina wekucheka, forogo B inozunguzikawo. Chiitiko ichi chinoitika nekuti….

1. Foroko yekuisa A ine amplitude yakafanana neforoko yekuisa B
2. Maforogo ese ari maviri anoshandisa bhokisi remanzwi rimwe chete.
3. Foroko yekuisa B ine huwandu hwakafanana neforoko yekuisa A
4. Ruvara rweruzha rwunoburitswa ne tuning forks dzese dziri mbiri rwakafanana.

Kukurukurirana
Mushure mekuzunguzwa nebeater, tuning fork A inozunguza mhepo yakaipoteredza kuitira kuti mhepo izunguzewo nefrequency imwe chete. Ipapo mhepo inozunguzika tuning fork B. Tuning fork B inonyanya kudedera nefrequency yayo yechisikigo asi vibration amplitude yayo idiki kwazvo uye vibration yayo haigone kuonekwa neziso. Nekuti natural frequency ye tuning fork B yakafanana ne vibration frequency yemhepo uye frequency ye tuning fork A, mamorekuru emhepo anowedzera vibration amplitude ye tuning fork B. Tuning fork B inoita seyakadedera nekuti vibration amplitude yayo inogona kuonekwa neziso.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

4. Chubhu yeresonance inoburitsa ruzha rukuru rwekuimba kekutanga kana kureba kwembiru yemhepo kuri 17 cm uye ruzha rukuru rwekuimba kechipiri kana kureba kwembiru yemhepo kuri 51 cm. Kana frequency yeforogo yekuisa tuning inoshandiswa iri 500 Hz. Kumhanya kwekupararira kwemhepo muchubhu iri….

1. 138 m / s
2. 230 m / s
3. 340 m / s
4. 461 m / s

Kukurukurirana
Chimiro chechubhu yeresonance ndechekuti mugumo mumwe wakavhurika uye mumwe mugumo wakavharwa kuitira kuti daro riri pakati pemapoinzi e vertex ne antinode = hurefu hwechubhu hushoma = ¼ λ = λ/4.
Fomura yehurefu hwesirinda:
Daro riri pakati pema nodal points nema antinodes ari muma open-end ne closed-end resonance tubes rinogutswa kana n iri nhamba isina kujairika.   
 
Kureba kwewavelength ye n₁ = 1 uye L = 0,17 metres:
Kureba kwewavelength ye n₂ = 3 uye L = 0,51 metres:
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiC.

Kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha

5. Kuti vayere kudzika kwegungwa, ngarava inoburitsa mafungu e ultrasonic ichienda pasi pegungwa. Mafungu anoonekwa anogamuchirwa nechinhu chinoongorora mafambiro echikepe mushure memasekonzi gumi nemaviri. Kana kumhanya kwemafungu e ultrasonic mumvura kuri 1200 m/s, saka kudzika kwegungwa kunogona kunzi….

1. 7,2? km
2. 14,4? km
3. 21,6? km
4. 28,8? km

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Wave rinoratidzwa rinogamuchirwa nechinhu chinoongorora mafambiro engarava mumasekonzi gumi nemaviri. Saka masekonzi gumi nemaviri inguva yekudzoka nekudzoka.
Nguva (t) = masekondi gumi nemaviri / 2 = masekondi matanhatu
Kumhanya kwemafungu e ultrasonic mumvura (v) = 1200 m/s
Akabvunzwa: Kudzika kwegungwa (s)
Mhinduro:
Kudzika kwegungwa:
s = vt
s = (1200 metres/sekondi)(masekonzi matanhatu) = 7200 metres = 7,2 km
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

6. Ruzha rwekutinhira runonzwika masekondi masere mushure mekunge mheni yaonekwa. Kana kumhanya kwechiedza kuri 3 x 10⁸ m/sec uye kumhanya kweruzha mumhepo i340 m/sec, saka daro riri pakati pekwakabva mheni nemuteereri rinogona kufungidzirwa kuti rakafanana ne…

1. 1,82? km
2. 2,72? km
3. 4,25? km
4. 7,24? km

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nguva yenguva (t) yekufamba kweruzha = masekondi masere
Kumhanya kwechiedza (v chiedza) = 3 x 10⁸ mamita/sekondi
Kumhanya kweruzha mumhepo (v ruzha) = 340 metres/sekondi
Akabvunzwa: Kureba pakati pekwakabva mheni nemuteereri
Mhinduro:
Kumhanya kwechiedza kwakakura zvekuti kuitika kwemheni nekuonekwa kwemheni zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti zvinoitika panguva imwe chete.
Kureba kubva panobva mheni kusvika pamuteereri:
s = vt = (mamita 340/sekondi)(masekonzi masere) = mamita 2720 = 2,72 km
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

7. Pane imwe nzvimbo, mucherechedzi anonzwa kutinhira kwemasekonzi 16,2 mushure mekuonekwa kwemheni. Kana kumhanya kwechiedza mumhepo kuri 3 x 10⁸ m/s uye kumhanya kweruzha mumhepo panguva iyoyo kwaive 343 m/s, saka daro riri pakati penzvimbo yemheni nemuoni ari kusvika rinogona kufungidzirwa se….

1. 5,5? km
2. 12,5? km
3. 25? km
4. 55? km

Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Nguva yenguva (t) yekufamba kweruzha = masekondi masere
Kumhanya kwechiedza (v chiedza) = 3 x 10⁸ mamita/sekondi
Kumhanya kweruzha mumhepo (v ruzha) = 343 metres/sekondi
Akabvunzwa: Kureba pakati penzvimbo yemheni nemuoni
Mhinduro:
Kumhanya kwechiedza kwakakura zvekuti kuitika kwemheni nekuonekwa kwemheni zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti zvinoitika panguva imwe chete.
Kureba kubva panobva mheni kusvika pamuteereri:
s = vt = (mamita 343/sekondi)(masekonzi masere) = mamita 5556,6 = 5,5 km
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Mafambiro emafungu eruzha

8. Noti C inogadzirwa netambo yegitare nenoti C inogadzirwa nepiyano zvakafanana pakuti….

1. ruzha rwakawanda
2. ruvara rweruzha
3. kukura kweruzha
4. kusimba kweruzha

Kukurukurirana
Noti C yetambo yegitare nenoti C yepiyano zvakafanana maererano nefrequency yeruzha kana kuti pitch.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.

Kupararira kwemafungu eruzha

9. Masikati, mhepo iri pedyo nepasi ine tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura mhepo iri kure nepasi. Usiku, zvinopesana zvinoitika; mhepo iri pedyo nepasi ine tembiricha yakaderera pane mhepo iri kure nepasi. Saka…

1. Masikati, ruzha runofamba ruchikwira kupfuura rwakatarara
2. Usiku, ruzha rwunofamba rwuchikwira kumusoro kupfuura rwakatarara
3. Masikati kana husiku, ruzha runofamba rwuchienda kwese kwese.
4. Masikati neusiku, ruzha runofamba rwakati twasu kupfuura rwuri kumusoro

Kukurukurirana
Masikati, mhepo iri pedyo nepasi ine tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura mhepo iri kure nepasi. Nemamwe mashoko, masikati, mhepo iri pedyo nepasi inopisa kupfuura mhepo iri kure nepasi. Mhepo inopisa ine densi shoma, saka inofamba ichikwira zviri nyore. Nokudaro, masikati, mhepo inofamba ichikwira zvakanyanya. Ruzha runofamba nemhepo, uye ruzha runofamba kumativi ese. Zvisinei, nekuti mhepo inofamba ichikwira zvakanyanya masikati, ruzha runofambawo zvichikwira zvakanyanya.

Kusiyana neizvi, husiku, mhepo haifambi zvakanyanya mudenga, saka ruzha harufambi zvakanyanya mudenga. Ndosaka ruzha rwuri kure ruchigona kunzwika husiku, nepo ruzha rwuri kure ruchinetsa kunzwa masikati.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiA.