Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso uye mafomura esimba remagetsi nemagetsi
Simba neMagetsi
1. Mutengo wemagetsi pa kWh iRp. 400. Mumba, TV ye100 Watt inoshanda kwemaawa mana pazuva, uye marambi maviri e20 Watts rimwe nerimwe anoshandiswa kwemaawa gumi pazuva. Mari yekushandisa magetsi pamwedzi (mazuva makumi matatu) ndeye….
A. Rp. 4.800,-
B. Rp. 9.600,-
C. Rp. 19.200,-
D. Rp. 21.120,-
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Mutengo wemagetsi iRp. 400/kWh
Simba reTV = 1 x 100 Watt = 100 Watt uye nguva yekushandiswa kweTV = maawa mana x 30 = maawa zana nemakumi maviri
Simba remwenje = 2 x 20 Watt = 40 Watt uye nguva yekushandisa rambi = maawa gumi x 30 = maawa mazana matatu
Akabvunzwa: Mutengo wekushandisa magetsi pamwedzi
Mhinduro:
Simba remagetsi = simba remagetsi x nguva yekushandisa
Simba remagetsi reTV = 100 Watt x 120 awa = 12.000 watt awa
Simba remwenje = 40 Watt x maawa 300 = maawa 12.000 Watt
Simba rose = maawa eWatt 12.000 + maawa eWatt 12.000 = maawa eWatt 24.000 = maawa eWatt 24 kilo = maawa eWatt 24 kilo = maawa eWatt 24 = 24 kWh
Mutengo wekushandiswa kwemagetsi pamwedzi = (24 kWh)(Rp. 400/kWh) = (24)(Rp. 400) = Rp. 9.600,-
Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.
2. Marambi maviri, rimwe nerimwe rakanyorwa kuti 24 Watt / 12 Volt, anobatanidzwa zvakaenzana, uye obva abatanidzwa ne2 Ohm resistor. Dunhu iri rinozobatanidzwa kune voltage source kuitira kuti marambi ese ari maviri avheneke ne25% chete yekupenya kwawo kwakanyanya. Kana rimwe rambi rikangoerekana rapwanyika, rimwe rambi richavheneka nesimba….
A. 12 Watts
B. 7,5 Watts
C. 6 Watts
D. 3 Watt
Kukurukurirana
Fomura yesimba:
P = VI
Ini = PV
kana
P = VI —–> I = V / R
P = V (V / R)
P=V2 /R
R = V2 /P
kana
P = VI —–> V = IR
P = (IR) I
P = ini2 R
I2 = P / R
Tsananguro: P = simba remagetsi, V = voltage yemagetsi, I = magetsi emagetsi, R = kuramba rambi
Verenga kuramba kwedunhu:
Mwenje miviri imwe neimwe yakanyorwa kuti 24 Watt / 12 Volt, zvichireva kuti mwenje wega wega unobatidza nesimba guru re24 Watts kana wakabatana nevoltage ye12 Volts.
Kudzivirira kwerambi rega rega kunoverengerwa uchishandisa fomura yesimba:
R = V2 / P = 122 / 24 = 144 / 24 = 6 Ohms
Marambi maviri aya akabatana zvakaenzana saka kuramba kwakaenzana ndekwekuti:
1 / R12 = 1 / R1 +1/R2 = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6
R12 = 6/2 = 3 Ohms
Marambi maviri aya akabatana akatevedzana ne 2 Ohm resistor saka resistance yakaenzana ndeiyi:
R = 3 Ohm + 2 Ohm = 5 Ohm
Saka kuramba kwedunhu = R = 5 Ohm.
Verenga magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu:
Kana mwenje yese yakabatidzwa ine mwero wekupenya we25%, mwenje yese miviri inobatidzwa nesimba re25/100 x 24 Watts = 1/4 x 24 = 24/4 = 6 Watts.
Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera neparambi unoverengwa uchishandisa fomura yesimba:
I2 = P / R = 6 Watts / 6 Ohms = 1 Ampere
Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera neparambi rega rega i1 Ampere. Mwenje miviri iyi yakabatana zvakafanana, saka zvichienderana nemutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff, mwenje wemagetsi wese unoyerera neparambi dzese i2 Ampere. Mwenje miviri iyi yakabatana yakatevedzana ne2 Ohm resistor, saka mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera neparambi re2 Ohm resistor i2 Ampere zvakare.
Saka magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = I = 2 Amperes.
Verenga voltage ye emf source:
Voltage yemagetsi ndeiyi:
V = IR = (2 Ampere)(5 Ohm) = 10 Volts
Iri ndiro voltage yeEMF source iyo kukosha kwayo hakuchinji mwenje usati wapwanyika kana mushure mekunge imwe yemwenje yapwanyika.
Verenga kuramba kwedunhu mushure mekunge rimwe remwenje rapwanyika:
Kana rimwe remwenje rikatsemuka, rimwe rambi richiri kubatidzwa rinobatanidzwa ne resistor ye2 Ohm. Saka, resistance yedunhu inoshanduka kuita:
R = 6 Ohm + 2 Ohm = 8 Ohm
Verengai magetsi ari kufamba mudunhu mushure mekunge rimwe remagetsi rapwanyika:
Mwenje wemagetsi uri kuyerera mudunhu ndewekuti:
I = V / R = 10 Volts / 8 Ohms = 1,25 Amps
Rambi neresistor zvakabatana zvakatevedzana kuitira kuti magetsi ari kuyerera mudunhu = magetsi ari kuyerera murambi = magetsi ari kuyerera muresistor.
Verenga simba remwenje:
Kana rimwe remwenje rapera, mamwe mwenje anobatidzwa nesimba re:
P = VI = (10 Volt) (1,25 Ampere) = 12,5 Watt
Kufamba kwemaerekitironi
3. Huremu hweerekitironi hunozivikanwa kuva 9,1 x 10-31 kg uye electron charge 1,6 x 10-19 C. Musiyano unodiwa kuti electron ikurumidze kubva pachiyero che1 x 105 m/s inova 3 x 105 m/s iri….
A. 28,4375 mV
B. 56,875 mV
C. 113,75 mV
D. 227,5 mV
Kukurukurirana
Zvinozivikanwa kuti:
Kurema kwemaerekitironi (m) = 9,1 x 10-31 kg
Mutengo wemaerekitironi (q) = 1,6 x 10-19 C
Kumhanya kwekutanga (v)o) = 1 x 105 m/s —> vo2 = 1 x gumi10 m2/s2
Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v)t) = 3 x 105 m/s —> vt2 = 9 x 1010 m2/s2
Akabvunzwa: Musiyano unodiwa (V) kuti electron ikurumidze
Mhinduro:
Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi = q V = (1,6 x 10-19 C) V
Kuchinja kwesimba rekinetic = EKt - EKo = 1/2 m (v)t2 - vo2) = 1/2 (9,1 x 10)-31 kg)(9 x 1010 m2/s2 - 1 x 1010 m2/s2) = (4,55 x 10-31 kg)(8 x 1010 m2/s2) = 36,4 x 10-21 kg m2/s2
Simba rinogara nekusingaperi saka simba remagetsi rinoshanduka kuita simba remagetsi:
EPL yakarasika = EK yaonekwa
(1,6x10-19) V = 36,4 x 10-21
V = 36,4 x 10-21 / 1,6 x 10-19
V = 22,75 x 10-2 Volt
V = 227,5 x 10-3 Volt
V = 227,5 milliVolts
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
4. Mibvunzo yeNational Science Olympiad ye2011 yeZvikoro zveVadiki zveHigh Schools paRegency/Guta Nhamba 56
Murabhoritari, danda remaerekitironi rinopfurwa rakananga kuchamhembe. Kubva kumusoro, zvinoonekwa kuti danda racho rinokotama kuruboshwe. Zvadaro, danda remaerekitironi rinopfurwa rakananga kumaodzanyemba. Kubva kumusoro, zvinoonekwa kuti danda racho rinokotama kuruboshwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane…
A. munda wemagetsi unonongedzera kumadokero
B. munda wemagetsi unonongedzera kumabvazuva
C. simba remagineti rakanangidzirwa kumusoro
D. simba remagineti rakanangidzirwa pasi
Kukurukurirana
Maerekitironi anochajwa nemagetsi uye anogona kufambiswa nemagetsi kana magineti kana ari mumunda wemagetsi kana wemagineti. Musiyano ndewekuti masimba emagetsi anogona kufambisa maerekitironi kana ari panze uye paanenge achifamba, nepo masimba emagineti achingofambisa maerekitironi chete kana ari kufamba.
Mumwe musiyano ndewekuti simba remagetsi riri munzira imwe chete nemunda wemagetsi, nepo simba remagineti rakamira panzvimbo imwe chete nemunda wemagetsi. Saka, kana electron ikafambiswa nesimba remagetsi, gwara rekufamba kwayo rakafanana negwara remunda wemagetsi. Kusiyana neizvi, kana electron ikafambiswa nesimba remagineti, gwara rekufamba kwayo rakafanana negwara resimba remagineti, iro rakamira panzvimbo imwe chete negwara remunda wemagetsi.
Zvichibva pamubvunzo uri pamusoro apa, zvinoita sekunge kana erekitironi ikapfurwa kuchamhembe, inotsauswa kuruboshwe (kumadokero), uye kana ikapfurwa kumaodzanyemba, inotsauswa kuruboshwe (kumabvazuva). Kana erekitironi ikatsauswa nesimba remagetsi, saka divi remagetsi, iro rakafanana nedivi remagetsi, rinogara richichinja. divi remagetsi rinofanira kugara richifamba. Saka, erekitironi haritsauswe nesimba remagetsi.
Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti simba remagineti rinotsausa maerekitironi. Kuti uzive divi resimba remagineti (divi iro maerekitironi anotsausa), divi resimba remagineti, uye divi iro maerekitironi anotsva, shandisa mutemo wekurudyi.
Shandisa mutemo weruoko rwerudyi sezvakatsanangurwa pazasi. Tambanudza ruoko rwako rwerudyi, ruramisa chigunwe chako wovhara mimwe minwe yako mina. Isa chigunwe chako kuitira kuti chitarise kuchamhembe (kwakananga kufamba kwemaerekitironi) uye minwe yako mina inononge kumadokero (kwakananga simba remagineti = kwakananga kutsauka kwemaerekitironi), ipapo kumashure kweruoko rwako rwerudyi kuchanongedza pasi (kwakananga simba remagineti). Kusiyana neizvi, isa chigunwe chako kuitira kuti chitarise kumaodzanyemba (kwakananga kufamba kwemaerekitironi) uye minwe yako mina inonongedza kumabvazuva (kwakananga simba remagineti = kwakananga kutsauka kwemaerekitironi), ipapo kumashure kweruoko rwako rwerudyi kuchanongedza pasi (kwakananga simba remagineti). Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti erekitironi iri mumunda wemagineti wakanangidzirwa pasi.
Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.
Kwakabva mubvunzo:
Mibvunzo yeFizikisi yeChikoro cheVadzidzi veChikoro cheSekondari
