Dunhu Rakafanana
Maseketi akafanana ipfungwa huru muinjiniya yemagetsi nemagetsi. Kunyangwe achiwanzo furatirwa kana tichienzanisa nemaseketi akatevedzana, maseketi akafanana ane hunhu hwakakosha uye mashandisirwo akakosha mumasisitimu akasiyana emagetsi neemagetsi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura tsananguro, hunhu, maverengero, uye mashandisirwo emaseketi akafanana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Tsanangudzo yeParallel Circuit
Dunhu rakafanana (parallel circuit) idunhu remagetsi umo zvikamu zvakabatana zvakafanana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine materminal maviri akabatana zvakananga kune source yemagetsi kana current source. Mudunhu rakafanana, electron current inokamurwa kuita nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, uye chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinogamuchira voltage yakafanana.
Chimiro cheParallel Circuit
Kuti tinzwisise zvakawanda, ngatitarisei schematic iri nyore ye parallel circuit:
``
(R1)
V ——( )—->
|
| (R2)
|—-( )—->
|
| (Rn)
|—-( )——–>
``
Pamusoro apa pane mufananidzo wedunhu rakafanana rine ma resistors akati wandei (R1, R2,…,Rn) akabatana ari pamwe chete. Voltage V inoiswa kune resistor yega yega panzvimbo imwe chete, kuitira kuti resistor yega yega iwane voltage V yakafanana.
Hunhu hweMadunhu Akafanana
Zvinotevera ndezvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvemasekete akafanana:
1. Voltage Inogara Iripo
Mudunhu rakafanana, chikamu chimwe nechimwe (semuenzaniso, resistor kana capacitor) chine voltage yakafanana pamusoro pacho nevoltage inobva kusource. Voltage inogamuchirwa nechimwe chikamu yakafanana nevoltage inogamuchirwa nezvimwe zvikamu.
2. Kuyerera Kwemazuva Ano Kwakasiyana
Mhepo yemagetsi inoyerera nepadenderedzwa rakafanana inokamurwa pakati penzira dzese. Mhepo yese inobuda panobva chinhu ndiyo huwandu hwemvura inoyerera nepachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa muequation:
\[ Ini_{total} = Ini_{1} + Ini_{2} + … + Ini_{n} \]
apo \(I_{total}\) iri huwandu hwese hwemagetsi hunobva kunobva, uye \(I_{1}, I_{2}, …, I_{n}\) ndiwo huwandu hwemagetsi hunoyerera nepakati pechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
3. Kuramba Kwakazara
Kuverenga huwandu hwese hwe resistance mu parallel circuit kwakaoma zvishoma pane mu series circuit. Huwandu hwese hwe resistance (R_total) mu parallel circuit i inverse yehuwandu hwe inverses ye resistance yega yega (R_n) mu circuit:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{total}} = \frac{1}{R_{1}} + \frac{1}{R_{2}} + … + \frac{1}{R_{n}} \]
Nenzira iyi, kuramba kwese mudunhu rakafanana kunogara kuri kushoma pane kuramba kwega kwega mudunhu.
4. Musiyano weVoltage
Mudunhu rakafanana, musiyano wemagetsi pabazi rega rega redunhu wakafanana. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvinoita kuti madunhu akafanana ashandiswe zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemagetsi kwezuva nezuva.
5. Kukundikana kweChimwe Chezvikamu
Kana chimwe chikamu chiri muchikamu chakafanana chikakundikana kana kukuvara (semuenzaniso, kutyoka), zvimwe zvikamu zvinoramba zvichishanda. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvimwe nzira zvinogona kuramba zvichitakura magetsi pasina kukanganiswa nekutyoka kwenzira imwe chete.
Kuverenga Kwedunhu Rakafanana
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani pfungwa iyi, ngatitarisei muenzaniso uri nyore wekuverenga. Ngatitii tine parallel circuit ine resistors nhatu dzine resistance values dzinotevera:
– R1 = 10 Ω
– R2 = 20 Ω
– R3 = 30 Ω
Tichawana resistance yese (R_total) yedenderedzwa iri rakafanana.
Kutanga, tinoverenga zvinopesana nekupikisa kwega kwega:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{1}} = \frac{1}{10} = 0.1 \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{2}} = \frac{1}{20} = 0.05 \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{3}} = \frac{1}{30} = 0.0333 \]
Zvadaro, tinowedzera zvese zvinongedzo zvakasiyana:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{total}} = 0.1 + 0.05 + 0.0333 = 0.1833 \]
Pakupedzisira, tinoverenga kukosha kwese kwekuramba nekutora inverse yehuwandu:
\[ R_{total} = \frac{1}{0.1833} \inenge 5.46 \: Ω \]
Saka, kuramba kwese kwedunhu iri rakafanana kunenge 5.46 Ω.
Zvikumbiro zveParallel Circuit
Maseketi akafanana anoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana ezuva nezuva uye emaindasitiri nekuda kwekubatsira kwawo kupa voltage isingachinji uye kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwawo:
1. Mwenje wepamba
Mwenje mumba unowanzo batanidzwa panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiedza chega chega chiwane magetsi akafanana, saka kana chiedza chimwe chikadzimwa, chimwe chinogona kuramba chichishanda.
2. Sisitimu yeMagetsi muMotokari
Sisitimu yemagetsi iri mumotokari inoshandisawo parallel circuit kuona kuti chinhu chimwe nechimwe chakadai semwenje, air conditioning, neredhiyo chinowana voltage yakafanana uye chinoramba chichishanda kunyangwe chimwe chezvinhu zvacho chakakuvara.
3. Chiteshi chemagetsi
Majenareta ari mumafekitori emagetsi anowanzobatanidzwa pamwe chete kuti awedzere kugona kwese uye kuvimbika. Kana jenareta rimwe rikakundikana, mamwe anogona kuramba achishanda.
4. Midziyo yemagetsi
Midziyo yemagetsi yakaita semakombiyuta nenharembozha inoshandisa macircuit akafanana kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakakosha zvinowana simba rakaenzana uye zvinoramba zvichishanda zvakanaka.
5. Network yemagetsi ezuva
Mumasystem emagetsi ezuva, ma solar panels anowanzo batanidzwa panguva imwe chete kuti awedzere simba rinobuda uye ape magetsi akawanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana.
Mhedziso
Maseketi akafanana ipfungwa inokosha muinjiniya yemagetsi nemagetsi. Nekunzwisisa hunhu hwawo nekuverenga, tinogona kushandisa zvakanakira zvawo kugadzira masisitimu emagetsi anoshanda uye akavimbika. Kubva pamwenje wepamba kusvika kumasisitimu emagetsi akaomarara emaindasitiri, maseti akafanana anopa kuchinjika uye kuvimbika kunodiwa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana. Nekunzwisisa kwakasimba kwemaseketi akafanana, tinogona kuramba tichigadzira matekinoroji ari nani uye masisitimu eramangwana.
