Gwaro rekugadzira Redhiyo Uchishandisa Dunhu Rakareruka
Nhepfenyuro ndeimwe yemidziyo yemagetsi inonakidza kudzidza nekuti inosanganisa pfungwa huru dzemagetsi, mafungu emagetsi, uye zvinhu zviri nyore, zviripo. Kunyange hazvo vanhu vazhinji vari kutendeukira kune streaming, kuvaka redhiyo yako pachako kuchiri chirongwa chinonakidza, chinodzidzisa, uye chinopa mubayiro chekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita masaini. Mugwaro iri, tichataura nezvemaitiro ekuvaka redhiyo iri nyore—rudzi rwakajairika kune vanotanga iredhiyo iri nyore yeAM (redhiyo yekristaro/diode) kana shanduro ine amplifier yekurira kuri nani. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pamaseketi ari nyore, asingadhuri akakodzera kushandiswa kumba.
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1. Nheyo Dzekutanga dzeMashandiro Eredhiyo Iri Nyore
Maredhiyo anoshanda nekutora mafungu eredhiyo kubva kumuchina wekutumira (chiteshi cheredhiyo) uye kuashandura kuita masaini enzwi anogona kunzwiwa kuburikidza nemaearphone kana masipika. Muredhiyo iri nyore (kunyanya redhiyo yeAM), pane matanho akati wandei ekutanga:
1. Antena inobata mafungu eredhiyo kubva mumhepo.
2. Dunhu retuner rinosarudza frequency chaiyo kuitira kuti tikwanise "kukiya" pachiteshi chimwe chete.
3. Chinoongorora/chinobvisa ruzha chinoparadzanisa chiratidzo chenzwi kubva kune chinoparira ruzha.
4. Matransducer eaudio (earphone/speaker) anoshandura masaini emagetsi kuita ruzha.
Maredhiyo ekare ekristaro anogona kushanda asina mabhatiri, sezvo simba remasaini eredhiyo rakatorwa rakakwana kufambisa mahedhifoni ane impedance yakakwira. Zvisinei, ruzha rwunobva rwacho runowanzova rwakaderera uye zvinoenderana nesimba remasaini uye mhando yeantenna.
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2. Zvishandiso neZvikamu Zvinodiwa
Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinowanzo shandiswa kugadzira AM radio iri nyore:
Zvikamu zvikuru
– Waya yeenamel (waya yemagineti) yekugadzira makoiri, semuenzaniso dhayamita 0,2–0,5 mm.
– Ferrite rod haisi yekusarudza asi inobatsira zvikuru pakusimbisa kubatwa kweAM.
– Variable capacitor 100–365 pF (kazhinji inobva kumaredhiyo akamboshandiswa).
– Germanium diode (semuenzaniso, 1N34A) kana imwe detector diode. Germanium diodes dzakanakira maredhiyo akareruka nekuti ane voltage yakaderera.
- Mahedhifoni ane impedance ine simba (semuenzaniso maedhifoni ekristaro/mahedhifoni epiezo) kuti ruzha runzwike zviri nani pasina amplifier.
– Tambo yeAntena (tambo yakareba mamita mashanu kusvika makumi maviri ndiyo iri nani).
– Tambo yekudonha pasi (semuenzaniso pombi yesimbi, pasi chaipo pemagetsi, kana pasi pevhu).
Midziyo yebasa
– Iron inosonererwa nesimbi inosonererwa (zvingasarudzwa kana uchishandisa bhodhi rechingwa kana zvidimbu zvengwena).
– Zvishandiso zvekucheka, zvekucheka, zvemagetsi zvinodzivirira kupisa.
– Multimeter (sarudzo, yekutarisa kubatana).
Kana uchiomerwa nekuwana variable capacitor, unogona kugadzira shanduro iri nyore isingagoni "kugadzirisa" zviteshi zvakawanda (fixed tuning), asi ruzivo rwakanakisisa runowanikwa nekushandisa variable capacitor.
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3. Chirongwa Chekutanga cheNhepfenyuro yeRadio yeAM Yakareruka
Nepfungwa, dunhu redhiyo reAM riri nyore rinogona kufungidzirwa seizvi:
Antena → (Coil + Variable Capacitor = Tuner) → Diode (Detector) → Earphone → Pasi
a) Dunhu reTuner (LC)
– Koiri (L) ne variable capacitor (C) zvinoumba resonant circuit.
– Nekutenderedza capacitor inoshanduka, kukosha kweC kunochinja kuitira kuti frequency ye resonant ichinje.
- Kana resonance "yakafanana" nechiteshi chakati, chiratidzo chechiteshi ichocho chichava chakasimba kupfuura mamwe mafrequency.
b) Chinoongorora (Diode)
- Iyo diode ine basa re "kugadzirisa" chiratidzo cheAM kuitira kuti chikamu cheaudio (kusiyana kwehukuru) chigone kutorwa.
c) Runharembozha nepasi
- Mahedhifoni anoshandura masaini enzwi kuita ruzha.
- Pasi panobatsira kuvhara circuit uye kuwedzera kunzwisisika kwekugamuchira.
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4. Maitiro Ekugadzira Coil Yakanaka
Chikamu chakakosha cheredhiyo iri nyore i coil. Kune nzira mbiri dzakajairika:
Sarudzo 1: Kumonera padanda referrite (zvinokurudzirwa)
1. Gadzira tsvimbo yeferrite yakareba 8–12 cm.
2. Kutenderedza waya ine enamel kanenge ka60–100 (zvichienderana ne variable capacitor uye AM band iri munharaunda yako).
3. Gadzira kubatana kwakasimba, bvisa enamel kubva kumagumo ewaya usati wabatanidza/kusunga.
Nhumbi dzeFerrite dzinoita kuti maredhiyo ave madiki uye anzwe zviri nani kune AM, nekuti anotarisa simba remagineti remafungu eredhiyo.
Sarudzo 2: Koiri yemhepo
1. Shandisa pombi diki yepurasitiki se coil.
2. Mhepo inotenderera 80–120.
3. Makoiri emhepo anogona kushanda, asi kazhinji haashande zvakanaka semarodhi eferrite paAM.
Kana uchida kuchinjika kwakawanda, unogona kugadzira matapi (matavi ekubatanidza) panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekumonera, semuenzaniso pa 20th, 40th, 60th winding, kuti uedze kuyedza kunzwisisika.
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5. Matanho Egungano Redunhu
Heano matanho anoshanda ekuigadzira:
1. Isa coil (L) pabhodhi diki, bhodhi rechingwa, kana kuti rakanamirwa zvakananga kutsvimbo yeferrite.
2. Batanidza capacitor inoshanduka (C) pamwe chete ne coil:
- Gumbo rimwe re capacitor kusvika kumagumo e coil yekutanga.
– Rimwe gumbo re capacitor kusvika kumagumo e coil yechipiri.
3. Batanidza antenna kune rimwe divi rekoiri (kana kupombi kana uri kugadzira pombi).
4. Batanidza pasi kune rimwe divi rekoiri.
5. Isa detector diode kubva panzvimbo inobuda tuner kuenda kuaudio circuit:
– Kazhinji poindi yekubuda inotorwa kubva kumucheto wecoil (kana kubva papombi) kuenda kudiode.
6. Batanidza mahedhifoni:
- Imwe yetambo dzeearphone dzinoenda kumagetsi mushure me diode.
– Imwe waya yerunhare inodonhedzwa pasi.
Kana zvese zvabatanidzwa, edza kutenderedza capacitor inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana antenna nepasi zviri mumamiriro akanaka, unofanira kutora dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAM.
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6. Mazano Ekuti Ruzha Ruve Rwakajeka
Maredhiyo ari nyore anowanzo sangana nedambudziko guru: ruzha rwakaderera. Heino maitiro ekuvandudza:
– Wedzera antenna: kana antenna yakareba uye yakakwira, kazhinji chiratidzo chinowedzera kusimba.
– Shandisa ivhu rakanaka: kusasimba zvakanaka kweredhiyo kazhinji ndiko kunokonzera kuti redhiyo isatore chero chinhu.
– Shandisa ma germanium diodes: anonyanya kugadzikana kupfuura ma silicon diodes akajairwa.
– Shandisa maearphone e piezo kana ane impedance yakakwira: maearphone akajairwa (ane impedance yakaderera) anowanzo "rema" zvakanyanya kune maseketi asina kukwidziridzwa.
- Chengeta kure nezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa: machaja asingadhuri, mamwe marambi e LED, uye zvishandiso zvekuchinja zvinogona kuwedzera ruzha.
Kana uchida ruzha rukuru, unogona kuwedzera amplifier iri nyore (yakadai semodule diki yeLM386-based amplifier) inofambiswa nebhatiri. Izvi zvichaita kuti redhiyo ive nyore kunzwa kuburikidza nespika diki.
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7. Kuwedzera Amplifier (Sarudzo)
Kana ukasarudza kuwedzera chimwe chinhu chinosimudzira:
1. Tora chiratidzo chenzwi mushure me diode (detector output).
2. Isa mu amplifier module input (LM386 kana mini amplifier module).
3. Isa sipika diki ye8 ohm.
4. Shandisa bhatiri re9V kana 3–6V zvichienderana nemodule.
Ne amplifier, redhiyo ichaita seyemazuva ano zvakanyanya sezvo vhoriyamu ichiwedzera, kunyange hazvo core frequency reception ichiramba iri LC circuit.
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8. Kuchengetedzeka uye Zvinyorwa Zvakakosha
– Usabatanidza antenna kugrid remagetsi. Antena inofanira kungova waya refu iri panzvimbo yakachengeteka.
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti ivhu rakachengeteka. Kana uchishandisa sisitimu yekudzika pasi pamba, nzwisisa sisitimu yakakodzera yekudzika pasi uye dzivisa maitiro ane njodzi.
– Pakusanganisa simbi, shandisa mhepo yakanaka uye chenjerera kupisa kwesimbi inosanganisa simbi.
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9. Mhedziso
Kuvaka redhiyo necircuit iri nyore ipurojekiti yekudzidza inonakidza: unogona kunzwisisa pfungwa dzeLC resonance, AM detection, uye kukosha kwemaantenna uye grounding. Kunyange zvazvo zvikamu zvacho zviri zvishoma, mhedzisiro yacho inogona kushamisa—kunyanya paunotanga kunzwa redhiyo ichibuda mucircuit yawakazvigadzirira iwe pachako. Tanga neredhiyo iri nyore yekristaro, wobva wasimudzira kune audio amplifier kana uchida ruzha rukuru. Nekuyedza kudiki senge kuchinja huwandu hwema coil turns, kuyedza kureba kwakasiyana kwema antenna, kana kutsiva ma diode, uchadzidza zvakawanda nezvemagetsi neredhiyo kutaurirana.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kukubatsirai kugadzira schematic yakanyanya (wiring diagram) zvichienderana nezvikamu zvamunazvo (semuenzaniso variable capacitor value, diode type, kana muchida kushandisa ferrite rod, uye earphone type).
