Gwaro rekugadzira AM Radio kune Vanotanga
Pendauluan
Nhepfenyuro yeAM (Amplitude Modulation) yave iri imwe yetekinoroji dzekare dzekutaurirana uye yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kubvira pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Kunyangwe isu tava netekinoroji yepamusoro-soro senge FM, digital, uye satellite radio, AM radio ichiri kukwezva zvakanyanya, kunyanya kune vanofarira zvemagetsi. Kuvaka yako AM radio kunogona kuva chirongwa chekudzidzisa uye chinonakidza kune vanotanga. Chinyorwa chino chichataura nezvematanho ekutanga ekuvaka AM radio iri nyore kubva pakutanga.
Nheyo Dzekutanga dzeAM Radio
Redhiyo yeAM inoshanda nekuchinja amplitude yechiratidzo chekutakura kuti chienderane nechiratidzo chenzwi. Maitiro aya anosanganisira zvinhu zvakakosha zvakati wandei:
1. Antena: Inogamuchira masaini eredhiyo.
2. Tuner: Sarudza frequency chaiyo yaunoda kuteerera.
3. Chinoongorora: Chinobvisa chiratidzo chenzwi kubva pachiratidzo chemutakuri.
4. Amplifier: Inosimbisa ruzha kuti runzwike kuburikidza nemaspika kana mahedhifoni.
Zvishandiso Nezvinhu Zvinodiwa
Usati watanga, iva nechokwadi chekuti une maturusi nezvinhu zvinotevera:
1. Antena: Unogona kushandisa waya refu ine daro remamita angangoita gumi.
2. Tuner: Variable capacitor uye coil, unogona kugadzira yako wega kana kutenga seti.
3. Chinoongorora: Germanium diode (semuenzaniso 1N34A).
4. Amplifier: Mahedhifoni kana masipika, uye mamwe ma transistors nema resistors kana uchida kugadzira amplifier iri nyore.
5. Breadboard kana PCB: Kubatanidza zvikamu.
6. Solder neTin: Kana ukasarudza kuunganidza zvikamu paPCB.
7. Multimeter: Kuyedza kubatana uye kukosha kwezvikamu.
Kugadzira Antena
Danho rekutanga nderekuvaka kana kuisa antenna. Waya yakareba mamita gumi inogona kufambiswa kunze kwemba kana mukamuri kuti masaini anzwike zviri nani. Antena iyi ichave yakabatana netuner yeredhiyo.
Kugadzira Tuner (Oscillator & Variable Capacitor)
Tuner chinhu chakakosha chinokutendera kuti usarudze ma frequency chaiwo. Heino maitiro ekugadzira tuner iri nyore:
1. Koira kana Inductor: Gadzira koira uchishandisa waya yemhangura ine enamel ka20-25 yakatenderedza chubhu yepurasitiki ine dhayamita inosvika 1 cm.
2. Variable Capacitor: Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa mumaredhiyo ekare kana kutenga. Iyi variable capacitor inokutendera kuti uchinje capacitance kuti usarudze ma frequency akasiyana.
Dunhu reTuner
Batanidza mugumo mumwe wecoil kune imwe terminal ye variable capacitor. Batanidza mumwe mugumo wecoil pasi. Batanidza imwe terminal ye variable capacitor pasi. Kubatana uku kunofanira kubatanidzwa neantenna.
Kugadzira Chinoongorora
Zvishandiso zvekuongorora zvinoshandiswa kuparadzanisa masaini enzwi kubva kumasaini ekutakura. Germanium diodes zvikamu zvakanaka zvechinangwa ichi nekuti zvinoda mavoltage ekushanda akaderera kwazvo. Heino maitiro ekugadzira detector:
Dunhu reDetector
1. Batanidza mugumo mumwe we diode kusvika pakabatana coil ne variable capacitor.
2. Batanidza rimwe divi re diode pasi uchishandisa resistor inosvika 10kΩ uye parallel capacitor ye0.01µF.
Chiratidzo chinogadziriswa nedunhu iri chiratidzo cheruzha chakagadzirira kuwedzerwa.
Kugadzira Amplifier Iri Nyore
Kuti tinzwe inzwi reruzha zvakajeka, rinofanira kuwedzerwa. Pano, tichagadzira amplifier iri nyore tichishandisa ma transistors.
Zvikamu zveAmplifier
1. Transistor yeNPN yakaita se2N3904.
2. Zvinodzivirira: 10kΩ uye 1kΩ.
3. Capacitor: 100µF yekubatanidza.
4. Mahedhifoni kana masipika madiki.
Dunhu reAmplifier
1. Batanidza chinobuda che detector (nzvimbo iri pakati pe diode ne resistor) nechigadziko che transistor kuburikidza ne resistor ye 10kΩ.
2. Batanidza transistor emitter pasi.
3. Batanidza chinhu chinounganidzira transistor kune imwe terminal yemahedhifoni uchishandisa resistor ye1kΩ.
4. Batanidza imwe terminal yemahedhifoni pasi.
5. Isa capacitor ye100µF pakati pechinhu chinoburitsa magetsi chinoona nezve transistor base kuti uvhare voltage yeDC.
Kuzviisa Pamwe Chete
Kana zvikamu zvikuru zvese zvagadzirwa, unogona kutanga kuunganidza denderedzwa pabhodhi rechingwa kana PCB. Heano matanho:
1. Batanidza Antena: Batanidza antena kune tuner coil.
2. Isa Tuner: Batanidza coil kune variable capacitor woibatanidza pasi.
3. Batanidza Tuner kuDetector: Batanidza chinobuda chetuner kune chinopinzwa nedetector.
4. Batanidza Detector Output kuAmplifier: Batanidza detector output kuamplifier uchishandisa coupling capacitor.
5. Batanidza Amplifier kuHeadphones: Iva nechokwadi chekuti kubatana kwacho kwakarurama uye isa emitter resistor zvichienderana nechirongwa.
Kurongeka uye Kugadzirisa
Kana dunhu rabatanidzwa, danho rinotevera nderekugadzirisa tuner kuti iwane nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo. Tendeudza capacitor inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma uchiteerera kuburikidza nemahedhifoni kuti uwane chiratidzo chakajeka. Zvinogona kutora kugadzirisa coil neantenna kuti uwane kugamuchira kwakanaka.
Kuedza uye Kugadzirisa Matambudziko
Kana pasina ruzha rwunonzwika, mazano anotevera ekugadzirisa matambudziko anogona kubatsira:
1. Tarisa Mabatirwo: Ita shuwa kuti mabatirwo ese akarurama uye akasimba.
2. Yera Voltage: Shandisa multimeter kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti pane voltage yakakodzera muchikamu chimwe nechimwe checircuit.
3. Tarisa Zvikamu: Iva nechokwadi chekuti ma diode, ma transistors, uye ma capacitor ari kushanda nemazvo.
4. Kugadziriswazve kweAntena: Dzimwe nguva nzvimbo kana kureba kweantena kunoda kugadziriswa.
Penutup
Kuvaka redhiyo iri nyore yeAM ipurojekiti inogutsa uye inodzidzisa. Wadzidza misimboti yekutanga yekuchinja kweamplitude, mashandiro ezvikamu zviri muredhiyo, uye maitiro ekuzvibatanidza muhurongwa hunoshanda. Ramba uchiedza zvikamu zvakasiyana uye magadzirirwo ekuvandudza kugamuchira uye kunaka kweruzha. Rombo rakanaka, uye rombo rakanaka!
Nekunzwisisa nekuedza izvi, watora danho rekutanga rekuti uve nyanzvi mune zvemagetsi nekutaurirana neredhiyo. Unofara kuyedza, uye rombo rakanaka!
