Zvinhu Zvikuru Pakugadzira Redhiyo
Nhepfenyuro tekinoroji ine nhoroondo refu uye basa guru mukukura kwekutaurirana pasi rose. Kubva pakutanga kwayo kusvika panguva yedhijitari yazvino, tekinoroji yeredhiyo yakachinja-chinja kakawanda, asi misimboti yayo yekutanga inoramba yakafanana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura zvikamu zvekutanga zveredhiyo nemabasa azvo.
Nhanganyaya yeRadio
Redhiyo inoshanda papfungwa yekushandura masaini eruzha kuita masaini emagetsi, ayo anozotumirwa kuburikidza nemafungu eredhiyo. Redhiyo inogamuchira inoshandura masaini emagetsi aya kuita masaini eruzha anonzwika. Maitiro aya anosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi zvinoshanda pamwe chete. Ngationgororei zvikamu izvi zvekutanga.
1. Antenna
MaAntena chinhu chakakosha pane chero mudziyo weredhiyo, ingava transmitter kana receiver. MaAntena anotumira nekugamuchira masaini emagetsi. Mu transmitter, antenna inoshandura masaini emagetsi kuita mafungu eredhiyo uye inoaendesa mumhepo. Kusiyana neizvi, mu receiver, antenna inobata mafungu eredhiyo uye inoadzosera kuita masaini emagetsi.
Kushanda kwemaAntena kunonyanya kukanganiswa nehukuru hwewavelength hunoshandiswa. Nokudaro, maAntena anofanira kugadzirwa kuti agone kurira panguva inodiwa. Mhando dzeAntena dzinosanganisira maAntena eDipole, maAntena eMonopole, uye maAntena eLoop.
2. Chinosimudzira
Oscillator chinhu chakakosha mukufambiswa kweredhiyo. Basa rayo guru nderekugadzira chiratidzo chenguva nenguva, kazhinji mafambiro e sinusoidal akagadzikana pane frequency yakatarwa. Oscillator inopa frequency yekutakura inoshandiswa pakuchinja masaini.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema "oscillator", dzakadai se "LC oscillators" (dzichishandisa ma "inductors" nema "capacitors"), "crystal oscillators", uye "RC oscillators". "Crystal oscillators" ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa nekuda kwekugadzikana kwawo kwakanyanya.
3. Kuchinja-chinja kwezwi
Kuchinja-chinja inzira inoshandiswa nechiratidzo cheruzivo, senge izwi kana mimhanzi, kushandurwa kuita chiratidzo chekutakura. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuchinja-chinja dzinowanzo shandiswa muredhiyo, dzinosanganisira:
– Kuchinja kweAmplitude (AM): Kukura kwechiratidzo chekutakura kunochinjwa zvichienderana nekukura kwechiratidzo cheruzivo. Nzira iyi iri nyore asi inogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya.
– Kuchinja Mafambiro (FM): Kuchinja kwemasaini emutakuri kunochinjwa kuti kuenderane nechiratidzo cheruzivo. FM inodzivirira kukanganiswa kupfuura AM uye inogadzira ruzha rwemhando yepamusoro.
Modulator chishandiso chinoshandiswa kuita izvi uye chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwekutumira maredhiyo.
4. Chinosimudzira Masimba (Preamplifier) neChinosimudzira Masimba (Amplifier)
Chiratidzo chinotorwa neantenna yekugamuchira kazhinji hachina simba. Saka, preamplifier inodiwa kuti iwedzere amplitude yechiratidzo ichi pasina kuwedzera ruzha rwakanyanya. Preamplifier inoshanda mumatanho ekutanga ekugamuchira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chiratidzo chinouya chakasimba zvakakwana kuti chigadziriswe zvakare.
Amplifier huru inozowedzera kukwidziridza chiratidzo kuitira kuti chigone kugadziriswa nekushandiswa nemazvo muchikamu che demodulation uye pakupedzisira chibudiswe senzwi kumutauri.
5. Demodulator
Kana chiratidzo chawedzerwa, danho rinotevera nderekudzikisa ruzha. Chinodzikisa ruzha chinoparadzanisa chiratidzo cheruzivo nechiratidzo chekutakura. Muchinogamuchira AM, chinogamuchira ruzha chinoona shanduko muhukuru, nepo muchinogamuchira FM, chinoona shanduko muhuwandu.
Kuderedza ruzivo inhanho inokosha tichifunga kuti mhedzisiro inodiwa ndiyo chiratidzo chepakutanga cheruzivo, ingave inzwi remunhu, mimhanzi, kana rumwe ruzivo.
6. Sefa
Mafirita anoshandiswa pamatanho akasiyana-siyana mukugamuchira maredhiyo uye masisitimu ekutumira maredhiyo kubvisa mafrequency asingadiwe uye kuona kuti masaini ari mukati mehuwandu hwakati chete ndiwo anogadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, firita rebhendi rinobvumira masaini ari mukati mehuwandu hwakati kuti apfuure uku achisefa mafrequency ari kunze kwehuwandu ihwohwo.
Mafirita akakosha zvikuru pakuona kuti chiratidzo chinogamuchirwa chakanaka uye pakuderedza kukanganiswa kwemamwe masaini asingadiwe.
7. Musanganisi
Mixers inoshandiswa padanho rekushandura mafrequency. Pakugamuchira radio, RF signal inogamuchirwa neantenna inowanzo sanganiswa nesignal kubva ku local oscillator kuti ibudise frequency yakaderera inonzi Intermediate Frequency (IF). Maitiro aya anoita kuti signal irambe ichigadziriswa.
8. Muchina wekuongorora
Chinoongorora, chinowanzo batanidzwa ne demodulator, chinoshandiswa kuona chiratidzo chakakosha kubva mumusanganiswa wezviratidzo zvinouya. Mu AM radio, chinoongorora chinoona shanduko mu amplitude, nepo mu FM radio, chinoongorora chinoona shanduko mu frequency dzinoitika zvichienderana nechiratidzo cheruzivo.
9. Sipika huru
Chinopa ruzha ndicho chinhu chinoburitsa ruzha chekupedzisira chinoshandura masaini emagetsi akagadzirwa kuita mafungu eruzha anonzwika. Hunhu hwechinopa ruzha hunonyanya kusarudza hunhu hweruzha rwekupedzisira rweredhiyo.
10. Simba Simba
Mudziyo wega wega wemagetsi unoda simba kuti ushande, uye maredhiyo haasi akasiyana. Simba rinopa voltage nemagetsi zvinodiwa nezvimwe zvikamu zvese zviri musystem yeredhiyo. Simba rinogona kuva bhatiri, adapta yeAC-DC, kana rimwe simba.
Penutup
Kuvaka redhiyo, ingave yeanalog kana yedhijitari, kunosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemagetsi, chimwe nechimwe chine basa rakakosha. Kunzwisisa mashandiro uye kudyidzana kwezvikamu izvi kwakakosha kune tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekutaurirana.
Nhepfenyuro yakaita basa guru uye icharamba ichiita basa guru mukupa mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekutaurirana, kubva paruzivo nevaraidzo kusvika kumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi. Nekushanduka-shanduka kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji, nhepfenyuro inoramba iri chishandiso chakakosha mukutsigira hupenyu hwevanhu muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
