Maitiro Ekuunganidza Redhiyo Uine Antenna Yemukati
Kuvaka redhiyo yako pachako ipurojekiti yemagetsi inonakidza uye ine mubayiro. Chiitiko ichi chichakubatsira kunzwisisa zvekutanga zvekugamuchira masaini, mashandiro anoita macircuit eaudio amplifier, uye kuti antenna "inobata" sei mafungu eredhiyo. Dambudziko rinowanzoonekwa kune vanotanga iantenna: maredhiyo mazhinji akagadzirwa kumba anoda maantenna marefu ekunze kana tambo dzekuwedzera. Zvisinei, maredhiyo anogonawo kuitwa kuti aratidzike zvakanaka neantenna dzemukati—maantenna anogara mukati mekesi, akatetepa uye ane chitarisiko chemazuva ano.
Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura maitiro ekubatanidza redhiyo neantenna yemukati nhanho nhanho, kutanga kubva papfungwa huru, zvikamu zvinodiwa, kusvika kumazano ekuchengetedza kugamuchira kwakanaka kwemasaini kunyangwe pasina antenna yekunze.
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1. Kunzwisisa MaAntenna Emukati PamaRadio
Maantenna emukati anoshanda nepfungwa imwecheteyo nemaantenna ekare: anobata simba remagetsi orishandura kuita chiratidzo chidiki chemagetsi, icho chinozowedzerwa neredhiyo. Musiyano ndewekuti maantenna emukati anowanzo gadzirwa kuti ave madiki uye anogona kuiswa mukati meimba yeredhiyo.
Mhando dzakajairika dzeantenna dzemukati:
1. Antena yeFerrite (tsvimbo yeferrite + waya yesimbi)
Inowanzo shandiswa pa AM radio. Inotaridzika setsvimbo diki, nhema/brown. Antena iyi inoshanda zvikuru pama AM frequency nekuti inoshandisa ferrite core kuwedzera inductance.
2. Antena yedenderedzwa/PCB trace (nzira yakatenderera paPCB)
Dzinogona kushandiswa paAM kana FM, zvichienderana nedhizaini. Kune FM, maantenna ePCB-pattern dzimwe nguva akagadzirwa nenzira yakatarwa.
3. Kaneti yemukati pfupi yewaya (kaneti yewaya)
Inowanzo shandiswa paFM, ine waya yakareba 60–80 cm iyo "yakapetwa" mukati mebhokisi. Izvi zviri nyore uye hazvidhuri.
Kana uchida purojekiti iri nyore uye ine chokwadi, fomati iri nyore ndeiyi:
– Redhiyo yeFM ine tuner module + antenna yewaya yemukati, kana
– Redhiyo yeAM ine antenna yeferrite (yakajairika uye inodzidzisa).
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2. Sarudza rudzi rweredhiyo inofanira kuunganidzwa
Usati watenga zvikamu, tsanangura zvinangwa zvako:
– FM chete (zviri nyore): sarudza module yekugamuchira FM yakagadzirira kushandiswa (tuner IC).
– AM chete (zvinowanzo shandiswa): inoshandisa ferrite coil uye AM receiver circuit (inogona kuoma zvakanyanya).
– AM/FM (yakazara): inoda module inotsigira mareceiver ese ari maviri kana maviri akasiyana.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa pane imwe sarudzo inoshanda: redhiyo yeFM ine antenna yemukati inoshandisa module iri nyore yekugamuchira odhiyo uye amplifier. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti upedze purojekiti ine dambudziko rakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati uchiri kuita mashandiro ayo.
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3. Zvishandiso neZvikamu Zvinodiwa
Heino runyorwa rwezvinhu zvakajairika zveredhiyo yeFM ine antenna yemukati:
A. Zvikamu zvikuru
1. Module yekugamuchira redhiyo yeFM
Muenzaniso: module yeFM tuner IC-based (inowanzo kutengeswa se "module yeFM radio"). Sarudza module inopa odhiyo inobuda (L/R kana mono).
2. Chinosimudzira ruzha
Muenzaniso wakakurumbira: mini amplifier module (semuenzaniso, class D kana IC-based amplifier module). Kune mapurojekiti madiki, 3W–5W amplifier yakakwana.
3. Mutauriri
4Ω kana 8Ω (gadzirisa amplifier yako). 2–3 inches yakakwana kumabhokisi madiki.
4. Potentiometer (vhoriyamu)
Kazhinji 10k–50k. Kana amplifier module yatova nebhoni revhoriyamu, potentiometer haisi yekusarudza.
5. Simba remagetsi
Unogona kushandisa bhatiri (semuenzaniso, 18650 ine module yekuchaja) kana adapta ye5V. Iva nechokwadi chekuti yakagadzikana uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemodule.
B. Kanyanga yemukati
– Waya yemhangura yakajairika ±70 cm yakareba yeFM (inogona kunge yakavharirwa).
- Imwe nzira: Antena yakaita se "T" (dipole iri nyore) kubva patambo yakaiswa mukati mekesi.
C. Zvikamu zvinotsigira
– PCB inopinda nepaburi (perfboard) kana breadboard (yekuyedza)
- Swichi yekudzima/kudzima
- Tambo dzemajumper
- Simbi inonamira nesimbi inonamira
– Kesi (inogona kuva bhokisi repurasitiki/remapuranga)
– Zvikushi, pfuti yeglue, kuputira magetsi
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4. Chirongwa Chekutanga Chedunhu
Mumabhuroko, nhevedzano yacho inotaridzika seizvi:
Antena yemukati → FM tuner module → Audio output → Amplifier → Spika
Wedzera simba remagetsi kumamodule etuner nemaamplifier. MaFM tuners anowanzo shanda pa3.3V kana 5V, nepo maamplifier akawanda achishanda pa5V. Ita shuwa kuti zvinodiwa zvemodule yako zvinoenderana; kana tuner ichida 3.3V, shandisa step-down regulator.
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5. Matanho Ekubatanidza Redhiyo Ine Antenna Yemukati
Danho 1: Edza tuner uye amplifier modules dziri kunze kwekesi
Usati waisa zvachose:
1. Batanidza simba remagetsi kune module ye tuner.
2. Isa antenna iri nyore kwenguva pfupi (waya ye70 cm).
3. Batanidza odhiyo inobuda kubva mu tuner module kune amplifier input.
4. Batanidza maspika kune amplifier output.
Vhura redhiyo wotarisa kana iri kugamuchira masaini. Kana ruzha rwakaderera kana kuti rune ruzha, tarisa pasi, tambo dzeaudio, uye magetsi.
Danho rechipiri: Kugadzira antenna yemukati yeFM kubva pawaya
Kune FM, antenna inonyanya kushanda iwaya ine 70–80 cm. Mazano ekuironga zvakanaka:
– Peta waya yakaita sebhii rekuti “S” kana kuti zig-zag woinamira pamadziro emukati mebhokisi.
- Dzivisa kunamatira pedyo zvakanyanya ne amplifier circuit kuti uderedze ruzha.
– Kana chivharo chacho chiri chepurasitiki, chiratidzo chinowanzo pfuura zviri nyore kupfuura kana chiri chivharo chesimbi.
Unogona kuedza fomu yemukati ye dipole:
– Cheka waya ±150 cm, wobva waipatsanura kuita hurefu huviri hwakaenzana (75 cm + 75 cm).
– Gadzira "T" woibatanidza mukati mebhokisi, nzvimbo yepakati pekupinda kweantenna yemodule.
Danho rechitatu: Kuungana zvachose paPCB/perfboard
Kana yakaedzwa:
1. Isa tuner uye amplifier modules pa perfboard kana kushandisa direct mounting ne spacers.
2. Kuchenesa nzira dzetambo: simba, ruzha, uye pasi zvakaparadzaniswa zvakakwana.
3. Isa switch pamutsetse wemagetsi wakanaka webasa reON/OFF.
Shandisa tambo pfupi pamitsara yeruzha kuti usakanganiswa.
Danho rechina: Kuisa zvinhu mukati mekesi
Ronga marongerwo acho uchifunga nezve:
– Masipika ari pamberi (ane maburi egrill).
- Mamodule eTuner neamplifier ari munzvimbo yakasiyana neantenna.
- Antena yacho yakabatana nemadziro epamusoro kana ekumashure ekesi.
Kana ukashandisa kesi rehuni, chiratidzo chacho chakanaka. Zvisinei, kana kesi iri resimbi, antenna yemukati inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kweFaraday cage effect. Pakesi dzesimbi, uchafanirwa kugadzira zvimwe zvikamu zvisiri zvesimbi kana kushandisa antenna inobuda nepa insulator—asi izvi zvinoreva kuti haisi yemukati zvachose.
Danho rechishanu: Kugadzirisa ruzha neruzha
Dambudziko rinowanzoitika nemaredhiyo akagadzirwa nemaoko ihum kana ruzha:
- Shandisa magetsi akasimba (semuenzaniso module yemhando yepamusoro).
- Wedzera capacitor pedyo ne module power input (semuenzaniso 100µF + 100nF).
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti pasi rakabatana zvakanaka (pasi rakanyatsonaka).
– Chengeta tambo yeantenna kure netambo yemagetsi.
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6. Mazano Ekuwedzera Kunzwa Kwemukati meAntenna
Maantenna emukati anowanzova asina simba rakakwana pane ekunze. Heano mamwe mazano ekubatsira:
1. Kuedza kureba kweAntena
FM inotangira pa88 kusvika 108 MHz. Kureba kweantenna kunoshanda kazhinji kunosvika pahurefu hwekota-wavelength. Kureba kwewaya ye70–80 cm kunowanzo kukwana, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo 60 cm kana 90 cm kungave kuri nani.
2. Nzvimbo yeAntena
Kunamatira parutivi rwebhokisi kure neruzha (amplifier, regulator, tambo yemagetsi) kunowanzo vandudza kugamuchira.
3. Shandisa waya "inochenesa"
Tambo dzisina kunaka kana kuti dzakatetepa dzimwe nguva dzinowedzera simba uye ruzha.
4. Wedzera mabheya eferrite patambo dzemagetsi
Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwemafrequency akawanda kubva kuma amplifiers ekirasi D kana ma switching regulators.
5. Tenderedza nzira yeredhiyo
Kutarisa kwekanyanga kemukati kune chinotumira mashoko kunokanganiswa. Dzimwe nguva kungotenderedza redhiyo nemadhigirii 30–90 kunoita kuti ruzha ruve rwakajeka.
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7. Kupedzisa uye Bvunzo Yekupedzisira
Kana zvese zvaiswa:
1. Iva nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakabatana zvakasungirirwa zvakasimba uye kuti hapana waya dzakarembera dziri kubata zvimwe zvikamu.
2. Vhura redhiyo wobva waskena/gadzirisa.
3. Edzai munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: pedyo nehwindo, pakati pekamuri, uye pedyo nezvimwe zvishandiso zvemagetsi.
4. Kana chiratidzo chisina kusimba, edza kuchinja nzvimbo ye antenna yemukati usati wavhara kesi zvachose.
Wedzera mavara akareruka kumabhatani (Power, Volume, Tune) kuti redhiyo ive nyore kune vamwe kushandisa.
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8. Kesimpulan
Kuvaka redhiyo neantenna yemukati kunokutendera kuti ugadzire mudziyo wakachena, mudiki, uye unoshanda pasina chikonzero cheantenna refu yekunze. Zvinokosha kuti ubudirire zviri mukusarudza module yakakodzera, circuit yakachena yeaudio, uye kuiswa uye dhizaini yeantenna yemukati kudzivirira kukanganiswa neruzha kubva kune simba remagetsi kana amplifier. Nenzira yenhanho-nhanho—kuyedza kunze kwekesi, kuunganidza antenna, uye wozoiisa zvachose—unogona kuwana redhiyo ine ruzha rwakajeka uye chitarisiko chehunyanzvi.
Kana uchida kusimudzira purojekiti yako, unogona kuwedzera chiratidziro chefrequency, memory yechiteshi, bhatiri rinochajwazve, kana kutogadzira antenna yemukati yePCB kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakawanda "yefekitori".
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Kana muchida, ndinogona kukubatsirai kugadzira runyorwa rwezvikamu zvakanangana neredhiyo module yamunosarudza (isai mufananidzo/link yemodule), kana kugadzira dhayagiramu yekubatanidza waya kuti zvive nyore kugadzira.
