Maitiro Ekugadzira Redhiyo Nedhizaini Yakaderera
Kugadzira redhiyo diki ipurojekiti yemagetsi inonakidza uye ine mubayiro. Kunze kwekudzidzira macircuitry easily audio uye kugamuchira masaini, unogona zvakare kugadzira mudziyo unoshanda zvechokwadi. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura maitiro ekugadzira redhiyo diki, isingashandise simba zvakanyanya, uye inonyaradza, kungave kwekudzidza, zvekuzvifadza, kana kungoedza.
1. Kuziva Pfungwa yeCompact Radio
Usati watanga kugadzira redhiyo, tanga wasarudza pfungwa yeredhiyo yaunoda kugadzira. "Compact" hairevi diki chete, asi zvinorevawo kurongeka, kushanda zvakanaka mukushandisa zvikamu, uye zviri nyore kutakura. Sarudza dzimwe sarudzo dzekutanga pazasi:
– Rudzi rwekugamuchira: FM (yakajairika uye iri nyore), AM (yakaoma), kana redhiyo yepamhepo (inoda module yeWi-Fi).
– Simba rinobva: 18650 Li-ion bateri, bhatiri reAA, kana adapta ye5V.
- Ruzha runobuda: mahedhifoni, maspika madiki, kana zvese zviri zviviri.
- Zvinodzora: mabhatani akareruka, makiyi eanalog, kana interface diki yedhijitari.
Kune vanotanga, sarudzo inonyanya kushanda ndeye redhiyo yeFM ine module yekugamuchira nekuti zvikamu zvacho zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya uye maitiro ekugadzira anokurumidza.
2. Zvikamu Zvinodiwa uye Midziyo
Kuti dhizaini yako irambe yakabatana, shandisa mamodule anobatanidza mabasa akawanda. Heino runyorwa rwezvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa:
Zvikamu zvikuru
1. Module yeredhiyo yeFM (semuenzaniso yakavakirwa paTEA5767, machipisi eRDA5807, kana mamodule eredhiyo yeFM akagadzirira kugadzirwa).
2. Mini audio amplifier (muenzaniso: PAM8403 3W stereo, saizi diki uye kuchengetedza simba).
3. Mutauri mudiki we4Ω 3W (kana mutauri we8Ω, gadzirisa zvinoenderana neamplifier).
4. Potentiometer (yehuwandu, kana usingashandise digital control).
5. Antena (tambo ye 20–75 cm kana kaneti kadiki ke teleskopu).
6. Simba remagetsi:
– 18650 Li-ion battery + TP4056 charger module + 5V step-up (kana zvichidikanwa), kana
– 5V power bank (iri nyore kushandisa prototype).
7. Swichi diki yekudzima/kuvhura (swichi inotsveyamisa).
8. PCB isina chinhu kana PCB diki yakagadzirwa (kana uchida kuti ive yakatsvinda).
9. Tambo pfupi dzejumper, simbi inosungirirwa, uye zvinobatanidza kana zvichidikanwa.
Midziyo yebasa
- Solder netini
– Mapuri ekucheka, mapuri etsono nemhino
– Sikurudhiraivha diki
- Pfuti yeglue kana tepi mbiri yekuisa
- Multimeter (sarudzo asi inobatsira zvikuru)
3. Kusarudza Module Yakakodzera Yekugamuchira
Pakugadzira zvinhu zvidiki, module yekugamuchira zvinhu yakakosha pahukuru uye nyore kuigadzirisa.
– Mamodule eanalog ari nyore: Mamwe mamodule eFM akagadzirira kushandiswa ane bhatani rekuskena uye anoburitsa odhiyo zvakananga. Aya akanakira kana uchida kutanga nekukurumidza usina microcontroller.
– I2C module (TEA5767/RDA5807): inoda microcontroller yakaita seArduino Nano/Pro Mini kuti idzore frequency uye scanning, asi mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuchinjika uye skrini inogona kuwedzerwa neOLED diki.
Kana chinangwa chako chiri cheredhiyo diki, "inobatsira", shandisa module ine kugona kwekugadzirisa nekuskena isina microcontroller. Zvisinei, kana uchida dhizaini yemazuva ano, wedzera Arduino Pro Mini + 0.96" OLED kuti gadziriro yacho iite seredhiyo yedhijitari.
4. Chirongwa cheDunhu Rakareruka
Heino nzira iri nyore yekuyerera kweredhiyo iri nyore kushandisa:
Module yeFM (audio yabuda) → PAM8403 amplifier → spika
Simba remagetsi (5V kana 3.7–5V zvichienderana nemodule) rinoenda kuFM module neamplifier. Iva nechokwadi chekuti voltage inosangana nezvinodiwa zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha:
- Shandisa nzvimbo yakachena uye yakabatana (GND) kuderedza ruzha.
– Tambo dzeruzha (L/R) dzinofanira kunge dziri pfupi kudzivirira ruzha.
– Kana FM module iri mono chete, batanidza mono output kune maviri L neR inputs kuburikidza ne resistor diki (semuenzaniso 1k) kuti ienzane.
5. Kugadzira Dhizaini Yakamanikana: Kurongeka Kwezvikamu
Kuti ive diki uye yakarongeka, marongerwo echikamu anofanira kufungwa sekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa.
Mazano ekugadzira diki:
1. Isa FM module pamusoro pePCB yeamplifier uchishandisa ma spacers kana ma insulators, asi iva nechokwadi chekuti hapana short circuit.
2. Deredza tambo refu: shandisa tambo pfupi, dzakachena, kana kugadzira PCB diki.
3. Isa sipika pamberi: gadzira gomba regrill kana grid kuitira kuti ruzha rubude zvakajeka.
4. Antena inoiswa yoga kubva kuamplifier: kure nekwanobva ruzha.
5. Isa bhatiri pakati nepakati pasi: kuitira kuti bhatiri rigare zvakanaka kana rakabatwa.
Hapana chikonzero chekesi rinodhura; unogona kushandisa kesi diki repurasitiki, kesi rakadhindwa ne3D, kana bhokisi reacrylic.
6. Maitiro Ekugadzira Danho Nedanho
Danho 1: Edza module iri yoga
Usati wasanganisa, edza mamodules rimwe nerimwe.
- Batanidza FM module kune simba remagetsi.
- Batanidza odhiyo inobuda kuamplifier.
– Batanidza amplifier kumaspika.
Iva nechokwadi chekuti ruzha rwabuda uye ruzha haruna kunyanya kunyanyisa.
Danho rechipiri: Isa chinodzora vhoriyamu
Kana amplifier ichishandisa mapotentiometer, aise padivi rekunze rekesi kuti zvive nyore kutenderera. Kune magadzirirwo madiki, mapotentiometer madiki, anoiswa pabhodhi anowanzo shandiswa, asi iva nechokwadi chekuti anoenderana nemaburi ekesi.
Danho rechitatu: Unganidza magetsi
Kana uchishandisa bhatiri reLi-ion:
– Bhatiri → TP4056 (chaji/dziviriro) → kubuda kwesimba musystem.
Kana module ichida 5V yakagadzikana, wedzera step-up booster. Ita shuwa kuti booster haiunze ruzha rwakanyanya. Imwe nzira yakachena ndeyekusarudza module inogona kushanda pa3.7–4.2V.
Danho rechina: Solder uye gadzirisa ma connections
Solder waya dzose dzinokosha:
- VCC neGND (magetsi)
- Module yekubuditsa odhiyo kuenda ku amplifier input
- Amplifier inobuda kumaspika
Shandisa heatshrink kana insulation kuitira kuti isapwanyike nyore nyore uye isapfupike.
Danho rechishanu: Isa antenna
Antena iri nyore inogona kunge iri waya yemhangura ine 30-75 cm. Kuti utaridzike zvakanaka, shandisa antenna diki ine telescopic yakaiswa pabhokisi. Nzvimbo yeantena inokanganisa zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa kwekugamuchira.
Danho 6: Isa mubhokisi
Kana zvese zvatanga kushanda:
– Isa maspika pamberi.
- Mamodule ekugamuchira neamplifier ari pakati.
– Bhatiri riri pasi kana kumashure.
Kiya zvikamu zvacho uchishandisa screws diki, hot glue, kana foam tape ine mativi maviri.
7. Deredza Ruzha uye Uvandudze Hunhu Hweruzha
Dzimwe nguva maredhiyo ekuzviitira ega anogadzira ruzha kana ruzha. Kugadzirisa izvi:
- Shandisa tambo pfupi dzeruzha uye dzichengetedze kure netambo dzemagetsi.
- Wedzera ma capacitor e bypass (semuenzaniso 100nF uye 10µF) pedyo nemapini eVCC eFM module neamplifier.
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti pasi harina "kutenderera" (shandisa nzvimbo huru yepasi).
– Kana paine chinhu chinosimudzira step-up, edza kupatsanura nzvimbo yacho kana kuwedzera firita (inductor + capacitor) munzira yemagetsi.
Kuti ruzha ruve rwakatenderera, unogona kuwedzera gomba diki rebhesi pabhokisi (port), kunyange izvi zvichida kuyedza nekuti saizi diki inogona kukonzera kuti ruzha "rutyoke" kana port isiriyo.
8. Mazano Ekugadzira Magadzirirwo Ekuti Ave Emazuva Ano
Kana wangowana redhiyo yepakutanga, unogona kuvandudza kuita chimwe chinhu chinonakidza:
- Wedzera OLED kuti ionekwe kakawanda.
- Wedzera bhatani rekuskena uye zvigadziriso zvechiteshi.
- Shandisa bhatani re encoder kuti unyatso dzora.
- Wedzera Bluetooth receiver seimwe nzira (redhiyo + Bluetooth speaker).
- Wedzera jack yehedhifoni uye switch yespeaker kill.
Zvinhu izvi zvose zvinogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma pasina kuchinja zvachose dhizaini.
9. Mari Inofungidzirwa uye Nguva Yebasa
Avhareji yemitengo yezvinhu zveredhiyo iri nyore:
– FM Module: Rp. 20.000–Rp. 60.000
– PAM8403 Amplifier: Rp. 10.000–Rp. 25.000
– Mutauri mudiki: Rp. 15.000–Rp. 40.000
– Bhatiri + module yekuchaja: Rp. 30.000–Rp. 80.000
– Kesi: Rp. 10.000–Rp. 50.000
Nezvishandiso zviripo kare, chirongwa ichi chinogona kupedzwa mumaawa maviri kusvika matanhatu, zvichienderana nekuchena kwacho, kugadziriswa kwekesi, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zviripo.
10. Mhedziso
Kugadzira redhiyo diki ipurojekiti inosanganisa dhizaini yechigadzirwa chekugadzira nemagetsi ekare. Chinokosha pakubudirira chiri mukusarudza module yakakodzera, kuronga zvikamu zvakanaka, uye kugadzirisa magetsi kuti uderedze ruzha. Kana shanduro yekutanga yapera, unogona kuiwedzera nedhisiki diki, madhijitari ekudzora, kana kugona kweBluetooth kuti ive mudziyo wemazuva ano, unoshanda zvakawanda.
Kana muchida, ndinogona kugadzira runyorwa rwakakwana rwezvinhu zvakananga zvine madhayagiramu ekubatanidza waya zvichienderana nesarudzo yenyu: module yeredhiyo yeFM isina microcontroller, kana redhiyo yedhijitari yeFM ine Arduino + OLED.
